After my student examination in 1966, I studied theoretical and practical philosophy at the University of Helsinki. Beginning with 1969, I had teaching posts at the same university and was helping academy professor Jaakko Hintikka in his group. Since 1976 I was responsible for the chair for the history of science and ideas at the University of Oulu until 2005, when I became a research fellow at the Collegium for Advanced Studies at the Helsinki University. I am retired since 2009, now living in Helsinki.