Ludwig Jung (Young)

On 14 September 1753, Ludwig Young arrived at Philadelphia aboard the sailing ship Edinburgh with Captain James Russell, "from Rotterdam, but last from Portsmouth." The passengers were visited by a doctor who certified them as well. They were then taken to the Court House where they took the Oath of Allegiance to the King of England. Of the 352 persons on board the Edinburgh, 166 individuals signed the passenger list. Ludwig made his mark. He was most likely accompanied by his wife Margaretha and two children, Nicholas and Catharina Barbara. That year (1753), 19 ships arrived at Philadelphia with German emigrants.[Her name appeared as "Margaretha Jungin" or "Margaret Youngin" or "Margaret Young."]

Ludwig and his family settled in the Drylands of old Bethlehem Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. less than 60 miles from Philadelphia, exactly where we do not know as there are no deeds for his property. Present-day Bethlehem Township encompasses only about half of the land area that it did in Ludwig's time.

Heller: ... Bethlehem originally embraced the area of Nazareth, as well as the Boroughs of Bethlehem, and Freemansburg. In 1787, a petition was presented to the December session of the county court, praying for the erection of a new township in the northern part, to be called Nazareth. In April 1807, old Nazareth was divided into the Upper and Lower Nazareth Townships. [Ralph Beaver Strassburger, "Pennsylvania German Pioneers, 1727-1755", William J. Hinke (ed.), Proceedings of the Pennsylvania German Society, (Penn. German Soc., 1934, vol. 42), 1:521-523.]

Most of the Germans who migrated to Pennsylvania landed at Philadelphia. These "Germans" were generally referred to as Palatines. When they arrived in America from Rotterdam, their point of embarkation, some had journeyed down the Rhine river from the region of the Palatinate, a major division of the southern part of Germany. Others came from neighboring countries Switzerland, Alsace-Lorraine, Wurtumberg. Thus the ship captains generally listed passengers, referring to them all as Palatinates.

... many of the Palatinates arriving in Pennsylvania were without means to purchase homes thus they were attracted to proprietary reserved lands like the Drylands where farms could not be purchased since the entire tract was reserved. But if prospective settlers observed certain preliminary regulations at the Land Office, they were allowed to settle as tenants on certain designated tracts.

... In May 1755, William Parson (Penns' agent in Easton) stated "I'm on the Drylands every day and have tenants for the greatest part of the tracts laid out."

The "Drylands" consisted of between 11,000 and 12,000 acres of limestone barrens mostly covered with scrub oak. Even though the Drylands itself lacked surface streams or springs, it was bordered by the following streams: Bushkill, Monacacy, Lehigh and Delaware. [William J. Heller, History of Northampton County, Pennsylvania, and the Grand Valley of the Lehigh (Boston: American Historical Society, 1920), 8.]

Through the labors of the industrious German farmers these waste lands became some of the most productive farms in Northampton County.

... The Proprietaries endeavored to keep the settlers from occupying these tracts. They were entirely unsuccessful in this. The pioneers became squatters and the improvements which they made were bought and sold without securing a patent to the land. The number of squatters ... grew rapidly after 1752 ... The settlers were anxious to secure title to their lands and were willing to purchase or rent, but they were determined to hold their improvements ... Those who had made improvements (that is, cleared the land, built cabin and tilled the soil) continued their work and did not move out... Others were constantly moving in ...[The Barrons, Manor of Fermar, Drylands, Lower Nazareth Twp., 6. (Vertical files, Nazareth Public Library, Nazareth, Penn.).]

Three Records of Ludwig Jung During the French and Indian War

John C. Appel: During the middle of the 18th century the French and Indian allies were engaged in a struggle with England for control of North America and its rich fur trade, a struggle that centered in the upper Ohio valley and is known in American history as the French and Indian Wars (1754-1763). knowing of the dissatisfaction among the Delawares and other Pennsylvania tribes, the French has sought to gain them as allies. The Indians were slow to align themselves with a doubtful cause, but on July 9, 1755, the defeat of General Braddock and his British regulars on the Monongahela river near Pittsburgh convinced them of the might of French arms; so they entered the fray against the English.

Thus began the Indian War of eastern Pennsylvania, a small and independent incident in the much greater conflict between the French and English. It was confined largely to Carbon, Lehigh, Monroe, and Pike counties and was a war of local causes and aims -- in short, it was a war of revenge by the Delawares for the taking of their lands and their unjust removal therefrom. ..

Before forts could be built, Indians attacked at Dansbury -- now East Stroudsburg -- where lived Daniel Brodhead's family and several others. In this affair Teedyuscong, the "War Trumpet of the Delawares", had a hand. During the morning of December 11, 1755, the Indians made a fierce attack, but were unsuccessful in routing the Brodhead family from their home. Meanwhile individuals living nearby fled toward Nazareth... [.D. Chidsey, Jr., The Penn Patents in the Forks of the Delaware (Easton, PA: Northampton Co., PA, Historical Society and Genealogical Society, 1937), 2:23, 26-27.]

On the night of December 10, the Hoeth family was almost exterminated. They lived on Poco Poco Creek, later known, because of this murder, as Hoeth's Creek, and now as Big Creek, a tributary of the Lehigh River above Weissport. The tragedy occurred in the near vicinity of where Fort Norris was afterwards built. [Appel, John C. History of Monroe Co., PA, 1725-1976 (East Stroudsburg, PA: Pocono Hospital Auxiliary, 1976) 10-11.]

Ludwig's name appeared in the following three records pertaining to the French and Indian War:

(1) When Frederick Hoeth's estate was settled Ludwig Jung was compensated for:

cash paid George Claus for keeping the horses 15 weeks till sold ................... 3.10.0 cash paid Lewis Young for bringing down the wagon loaded with iron ........... 1.9.11 ["The Outbreak near the Delaware River", Pennsylvania German Society, Proceedings and Addresses at Germantown, Oct 25, 1904 (Lancaster, PA: Pennsylvania German Society, 1906). 15: 183-198.]

(2) Powell's Sufferers: The settlers who escaped from the Indian attacks fled to Easton, Nazareth and Bethlehem, until in late January 1756, there were more than 600 refuges, including 220 children, in the Moravian settlements. According to "Powell's List of Sufferer's" Ludn' Jong and family received on 15 February 1756 two stockings from the Moravian Brethren at Bethlehem.

  One brethren wrote to Bishop Joseph Spangenberg:

... I once wrote to you in that hard Winter, when more than six Hundred Men, Women and Children, in their utmost Distress, came to the Brethren's Settlements, in the Forks of the Delaware, to find there a Shelter, and some Relief in their Wants and Nakedness; Many of them having had their houses, Barns, Cattle and all burnt and destroyed by the Savages and just having saved their Life... [John T. Humphrey, Early Families of Northampton Co., PA: Frack / Seyfried (Washington, D C: Humphrey Publishing Co., 1991) 1: 195.]

(3) The Rose Inn, located 1-1/4 miles northeast of old Nazareth, was used to lodge soldiers during the Indian war. Ludwig Jung stayed at the Rose Inn in September 1757:

After this the presence of the military at "The Rose" became less frequent, and gradually ... its history's stream returned into its former more peaceful channel. ... The only remaining occurance, however, which admits of notice, was the visit, on September 18 and 19, 1757, of Jacob Volck, Lewis Jung and three Indians, who had been sent by Teedyuscung to Joseph Kellar's place, to see if any of his liege subjects had been implicated in the capture of the latter's wife near Tead's blockhouse, on September 16.. ["The Powell List of Sufferers", Pennsylvania German Society 15: 199-202d, 202c (Ludwig).]

Death of Ludwig Jung [Ludwig Young, Northampton Co., PA, Administrative File No. 3181. Mostly German.]

Tax Records: In 1761, only two men with the Jung/Young surname were taxed in old Bethlehem Township. [Northampton Co., PA, Tax Lists, 1761-1780, FHL film 021,681.]

By the  time the 1762 tax list was drawn up, Margaretha was a widow.  	

1761 (Jan, 6) - John Young

1762 (Nov. 15) - Young, John

Lewis Young Young Lewis widow

Administrative Bond: 23 November 1762 - This bond was issued to the widow Margaretha Jung with George Clauss of Bethlehem Township and Peter Shelly of Allentown as bondsmen. The bond for 50 pounds bore the words, "Margaret Youngin, widow & Administratrix of Ludwig Young, Late of Bethlehem Township in Northampton County, yeoman ..."

Inventory: 22 December 1762 - Ludwig's personal property was valued at 132 pounds, 16 shillings and 0 pence, Among other possessions, he had 11 acres of wheat and 6 acres of rye planted for the spring of 1763, farm implements, bees and bee hives, four heifers, one gray and one bay horse, and two mares. A note written in German and signed by "Margaretha Jungin" accompanied this inventory.

Final Settlement: 30 March 1774 - This document listed 10 pounds for five years care for Conrad who was four years old when his father died, and 24 pounds for eight years of care for Elisabeth who had been six months old.

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