Mária

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Hungary

Mária magyar királynő

Mary

Queen of Hungary and Croatia Reign 10 September 1382 - December 1385 Predecessor Louis I Successor Charles II Queen of Hungary (restored) Reign 24 February 1386 – 17 May 1395 Predecessor Charles II Successor Sigismund

Spouse Sigismund of Luxembourg House Capetian House of Anjou Father Louis I of Hungary Mother Elizabeth of Bosnia Born 1371 Died 17 May 1395 (aged 24) Buda, Hungary

Mary of Anjou (1371 – 17 May 1395) (in Hungarian and Slovakian: Mária, in Croatian Marija Anžuvinska) was queen regnant of Hungary[1] from 1382 until her death in 1395.

She was the second of three, but the eldest surviving daughter of Louis the Great and his second wife, Elizabeth of Bosnia.

After the death of her older sister Catherine, Mary was intended to inherit both of her father's kingdoms, Hungary and Poland, or at least the hereditary kingdom of Poland.

Her father king Louis had arranged marriages for her and her younger sister Hedwig. Ultimately Sigismund of Luxemburg (1368–1437), an heir of the Polish Kujavian dynasty and a member of Bohemian royal family, married Mary in 1385 in Zvolen Castle. William of Habsburg then was to marry her younger sister, who however, after Sigismund was expelled by Poles, where he had been living in Kraków since 1381, unexpectedly became Queen of Poland, William married Mary's relative, the future Queen Joan II of Naples, and Hedwig was married to Jogaila of Lithuania.

Mary became Queen regnant of Hungary as a ten-year-old child after her father's death in 1382 (her elder sister Catherine having died four years earlier). The country was ruled by her mother, the Dowager Queen Elizabeth and by Palatine Nicholas I Garay. Sigismund, his powerful brother Emperor Wenceslaus and many noblemen of Hungary were opposed to them; some noblemen helped Mary's relative Charles of Durazzo, King of Naples to become briefly the King of Hungary in 1385. Queen Elizabeth and Garai had Charles II assassinated in 1386. Charles's heir was his underage son Ladislas of Naples (d. 1414) who attempted all his life to conquer Hungary, but despite some support in the country, did not succeed.

Magnates of Lesser Poland had been deeply unsatisfied with personal union (1370–82) with Hungary, and despite of decreed succession order, chose the nine-year-old Hedwig as the Queen of Poland in 1384. After a couple of years, Hedwig was compelled to leave Hungary for Poland. Mary and her guardians never managed in governing nor obtaining Poland. Halych, the Ruthenian province recently (1340–66) annexed by Poland, however was taken by Hungary, and only after several years, did Poland recover it.

Sigismund, his powerful brother king Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia and many noblemen of Hungary were opposed to the formidable Elizabeth and the Palatine. They, on the other hand, were not enthuasiastic about Sigismund reigning together with Mary. Both Sigismund and Mary's relative, Charles of Durazzo, who had gained the Crown of Naples by having his aunt Joan murdered, threatened to invade Hungary; the former intended to marry Mary and reign together with her, while the latter intended to depose Mary. Either way, Elizabeth would have lost her power. Thus, in 1384, Elizabeth started negotiating with King Charles V of France about the possibility of his son Louis marrying Mary, notwithstanding Mary's engagement to Sigismund. Louis had already been engaged to Mary's older sister Catherine and was expected to succeed to the throne of Hungary. If Elizabeth had made this proposal in 1378, after Catherine's death, the fact that the French king and the Hungarian king did not recognize the same pope would have represented a problem. However, Elizabeth was desperate in 1384 and was not willing to let the schism stand in the way of the negotiations. Antipope Clement VII issued a dispensation which annulled Mary's betrothal to Sigismund and the proxy marriage was celebrated in April 1385. However, the marriage was not recognized by the Hungarian noblemen who adhered to Pope Urban VI.[2]

Elizabeth and Mary were captured in 1386 by the powerful Horvat brothers, Paul Bishop of Machva and Ladislaus, but probably on the orders of Mary's seventeen-year-old husband and co-ruler Sigismund.

On the first anniversary of the death of Charles II, January 1387, Elizabeth was strangled before Mary's eyes.

From 1387, Mary and Sigismund were officially joint rulers of Hungary but in fact the estranged husband Sigismund ruled alone. Mary died on 17 May 1395, the same day as the Battle of Rovine, under suspicious circumstances, while heavily pregnant, but leaving no surviving children. In 1405, probably on Christmas Day, somewhat secretly, Sigismund remarried, or was compelled to marry, Barbara of Cilli, Mary's kinswoman. In 1410, Sigismund was elected Holy Roman Emperor.

References: ^ [1] ^ Richard II: The Art of Kingship. Oxford University Press. 2003. ISBN 0199262209.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mary of Hungary  [edit] Other sources(French) Coat of arms of the House of Anjou-Sicily on the French Wikipedia  (French) House of Anjou-Sicily on the French Wikipedia 

Mary

Queen of Hungary and Croatia Reign 10 September 1382 - December 1385 Predecessor Louis I Successor Charles II Queen of Hungary (restored) Reign 24 February 1386 – 17 May 1395 Predecessor Charles II Successor Sigismund

Spouse Sigismund of Luxembourg House Capetian House of Anjou Father Louis I of Hungary Mother Elizabeth of Bosnia Born 1371 Died 17 May 1395 (aged 24) Buda, Hungary

Mary of Anjou (1371 – 17 May 1395) (in Hungarian and Slovakian: Mária, in Croatian Marija Anžuvinska) was queen regnant of Hungary[1] from 1382 until her death in 1395.

She was the second of three, but the eldest surviving daughter of Louis the Great and his second wife, Elizabeth of Bosnia.

After the death of her older sister Catherine, Mary was intended to inherit both of her father's kingdoms, Hungary and Poland, or at least the hereditary kingdom of Poland.

Her father king Louis had arranged marriages for her and her younger sister Hedwig. Ultimately Sigismund of Luxemburg (1368–1437), an heir of the Polish Kujavian dynasty and a member of Bohemian royal family, married Mary in 1385 in Zvolen Castle. William of Habsburg then was to marry her younger sister, who however, after Sigismund was expelled by Poles, where he had been living in Kraków since 1381, unexpectedly became Queen of Poland, William married Mary's relative, the future Queen Joan II of Naples, and Hedwig was married to Jogaila of Lithuania.

Mary became Queen regnant of Hungary as a ten-year-old child after her father's death in 1382 (her elder sister Catherine having died four years earlier). The country was ruled by her mother, the Dowager Queen Elizabeth and by Palatine Nicholas I Garay. Sigismund, his powerful brother Emperor Wenceslaus and many noblemen of Hungary were opposed to them; some noblemen helped Mary's relative Charles of Durazzo, King of Naples to become briefly the King of Hungary in 1385. Queen Elizabeth and Garai had Charles II assassinated in 1386. Charles's heir was his underage son Ladislas of Naples (d. 1414) who attempted all his life to conquer Hungary, but despite some support in the country, did not succeed.

Magnates of Lesser Poland had been deeply unsatisfied with personal union (1370–82) with Hungary, and despite of decreed succession order, chose the nine-year-old Hedwig as the Queen of Poland in 1384. After a couple of years, Hedwig was compelled to leave Hungary for Poland. Mary and her guardians never managed in governing nor obtaining Poland. Halych, the Ruthenian province recently (1340–66) annexed by Poland, however was taken by Hungary, and only after several years, did Poland recover it.

Sigismund, his powerful brother king Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia and many noblemen of Hungary were opposed to the formidable Elizabeth and the Palatine. They, on the other hand, were not enthuasiastic about Sigismund reigning together with Mary. Both Sigismund and Mary's relative, Charles of Durazzo, who had gained the Crown of Naples by having his aunt Joan murdered, threatened to invade Hungary; the former intended to marry Mary and reign together with her, while the latter intended to depose Mary. Either way, Elizabeth would have lost her power. Thus, in 1384, Elizabeth started negotiating with King Charles V of France about the possibility of his son Louis marrying Mary, notwithstanding Mary's engagement to Sigismund. Louis had already been engaged to Mary's older sister Catherine and was expected to succeed to the throne of Hungary. If Elizabeth had made this proposal in 1378, after Catherine's death, the fact that the French king and the Hungarian king did not recognize the same pope would have represented a problem. However, Elizabeth was desperate in 1384 and was not willing to let the schism stand in the way of the negotiations. Antipope Clement VII issued a dispensation which annulled Mary's betrothal to Sigismund and the proxy marriage was celebrated in April 1385. However, the marriage was not recognized by the Hungarian noblemen who adhered to Pope Urban VI.[2]

Elizabeth and Mary were captured in 1386 by the powerful Horvat brothers, Paul Bishop of Machva and Ladislaus, but probably on the orders of Mary's seventeen-year-old husband and co-ruler Sigismund.

On the first anniversary of the death of Charles II, January 1387, Elizabeth was strangled before Mary's eyes.

[edit] SuccessionFrom 1387, Mary and Sigismund were officially joint rulers of Hungary but in fact the estranged husband Sigismund ruled alone. Mary died on 17 May 1395, the same day as the Battle of Rovine, under suspicious circumstances, while heavily pregnant, but leaving no surviving children. In 1405, probably on Christmas Day, somewhat secretly, Sigismund remarried, or was compelled to marry, Barbara of Cilli, Mary's kinswoman. In 1410, Sigismund was elected Holy Roman Emperor.

References^ [1] ^ Richard II: The Art of Kingship. Oxford University Press. 2003. ISBN 0199262209.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mary of Hungary  [edit] Other sources(French) Coat of arms of the House of Anjou-Sicily on the French Wikipedia  (French) House of Anjou-Sicily on the French Wikipedia