R' Aaron Shmuel Kaidanover "Maharshak"

Aaron Samuel ben Israel Kaidanover (1614 in Vilna - December 1, 1676 in Chmielnik) אהרן שמואל קאידנוור was a Polish-Lithuanian rabbi. Among his teachers were Jacob Hoeschel and his son Joshua Hoeschel. ------Read Family connections in Hebrew Books

Maharashak

• Maharshak, the outstanding Jewish scientist, the writer - Talmudist.

Rabbi Ahron Shmuel, son of Itschak Kaidanover, who was born about 1614 in Kaidanov (or Koidanov) near Minsk and died 1676 in Chmielnik. The first letters of his name in Hebrew, Morenu HaRav Shmuel Kaidanover make the name Maharshak, which in Russian was shortened to Marshak, as the Russian does not have the letter H. He was Rabbi in Vilna.

הג"ר אהרן שמואל קיידנובר אב"ד קרקה was elected rabbi successively of Langenlois in Lower Austria, Nikolsburg, Glogau, Fürth, and Frankfort-on-the-Main, and then returned to Poland, where he died as rabbi of Cracow.

He wrote:

• "Birkat ha-Zebah," annotations to the Talmudical tractates of Kodashim (except Hullin and Bekorot), with a preface in which he narrated the remarkable events of his life (edited by his son-in-law Nahum Kohen, brother of Harav Shabtai HaCohen HaSHACH / הרב שבתי הכהן, הש"ך, Amsterdam, 1669; another edition, with the commentary "'Omer Man," appeared [at Berlin?] in 1773);
• "Birkat Shemuel," derashot on the Pentateuch, partly cabalistic, with additions by his son Zebi Hirsch, its editor (Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1682);
• "'Emunat Shemuel," sixty responsa on matrimonial cases, edited by his son (ib. 1683);
• "Tif'eret Shemuel," novellæ to various Talmudic tractates, also edited by his son (ib. 1692). The annotations to Hoshen Mishpat contained in the last-named work were printed in "Ture Zahab" (Hamburg, 1692).

During the Khmelnytsky Uprising (1648–1649) the Cossacks plundered Kaidanover's possessions, his valuable library and his manuscripts among them, and killed his two little daughters, and he arrived in Moravia an impoverished fugitive. He was elected rabbi successively of Langenlois in Lower Austria, Nikolsburg, Glogau, Fürth, and Frankfurt am Main, and then returned to Poland, in 1671 to become the rabbi of Cracow a position he held until his death on December 1, 1676 while attending the Vaad HaGalil of Krakow that took place in Chmielnik. (Michael; but Azulai and Horovitz give 1679; see bibliography). Read Full Article

Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography

1. • Azulai, Shem ha-Gedolim, i. 124b, Warsaw, 1876;
2. • Benjacob, Oẓar ha-Sefarim, pp. 41, 87, 88, 659;
3. • Jacob Emden, Megillat Sefer, p. 5, Warsaw, 1896;
4. • Fürst, Bibl. Jud. i. 201, ii. 200;
5. • Grätz, Gesch. x. 81;
6. • Horovitz, Frankfurter Rabbinen, ii. 49-53, 99;
7. • Kaufmann, Vertreibung der Juden aus Wien, p. 62, note 6, Vienna, 1889;
8. • Michael, Or ha-Ḥayyim, No. 317;
9. • Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. cols. 772, 886.

References

1. •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gotthard Deutsch and S. Mannheimer (1901–1906). "Kaidanover, Aaron Samuel Ben Israel". Jewish Encyclopedia.

Notes

1. ^ a b Haim Nathan Dembitzer (1888-1893). Klilat Yofi. Krakow, Poland: Y. Fisher. Vol. II, 71a. OCLC 122773481.

LINKS TO WORKS:

His books:

• אמונת שמואל
• אמונת שמואל
• ברכת הזבח
• ברכת הזבח
• ברכת שמואל
• ברכת שמואל
• תפארת שמואל

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Author of Birkat ha-Zebaḥ, Birkat Shemuel, Emunat Shemuel, Tiferet Shemuel.

During the Chmielnicki revolution (1648-1649) the Cossacks plundered Kaidanover's possessions, his valuable library and his manuscripts among them, and killed his two little daughters, and he arrived in Moravia an impoverished fugitive. He was elected rabbi successively of Langenlois in Lower Austria, Nikolsburg, Glogau, Fürth, and Frankfort-on-the-Main, and then returned to Poland, in 1671 to become the rabbi of Cracow a position he held until his death on Dececember 1 1676 while attending the Vaad HaGalil of Krakow that took place in Chmielnik.

--Wikipedia entry

Рабби Аарон-Шмуэль Кайдановер, так же известный, как Маршак (1624, Койданов — 1676) — раввин и автор книг по Галахе и Талмуду. Родился в 1624 году в городе Койданов (ныне Дзержинск), недалеко от Минска. При рождении получил имя Аарон, однако в детстве тяжело заболел и был при смерти, поэтому отец добавил ему второе имя — Шмуэль (согласно еврейской традиции, смена имени способна изменить судьбу человека). Койдановер — на идише означает из Койданова, койдановский. В юности учился в краковской йешиве, у рабби Йеошуа-Эшеля Харифа и рабби Яакова из Люблина. Также он учился у рабби Моше Лимы, автора книги «Хэлкат Мэхокек».
Во время восстания Хмельницкого был вынужден бежать с семьей, однако погромы настигли и его — две его дочери были убиты, а сам он остался ни с чем, да еще и инвалидом на обе ноги. Единственный его сын, который остался в живых — это рабби Цви-Гирш Кайдановер, автор книги «Кав Аяшар». Служил раввином в моравском городе Микулов (Николсбург), затем — в Глогуве (Силезия) и в Фюрте (Бавария), а также в Бресте, Франкфурте-на-Майне и в Кракове. Будучи в Кракове, поехал на «Ваад (совет) Четырех Стран», проходивший в Хмельнике, в котором принимали участие все раввины региона. Во время этого совета умер, и там находится место его захоронения.
Имя «Маршак» является сокращением, (ивр. ‏מהרש"ק‏‎) означающим «Наш учитель рабби Аарон Шмуэль Кайдановер».