RESIDENCES OF AEP ALBERT:

1. 1 1002 Burdette, New Orleans, La. - Listed as Physician
2. 2 Directory of Deceased American Physicians, 1804-1929:

Name Aristides E. P. Albert

      Birth Date	1853

        Death Date	Sep 6, 1910

         Death Place	New Orleans, LA

          Type Practice	Allopath

    Licenses	LA

          Medical School	Flint Medical College of New Orleans University, New Orleans, 1892, (G)

#3 New Orleans, Louisiana Directories, 1890-1891: (1890)

     Name 	Reverend Aristide E. P. Albert

         Location 2  '''1956 Saint Charles Avenue'''  7th district

     Business Name 	S. W. Christian Advocate

  Occupation 	editor Year 	1890 City 	New Orleans State 	LA

#4 U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995 (1903) Name Aristide E P Albert Residence Year 1903 Street Address 7800 St Charles Ave Residence Place New Orleans, Louisiana, USA Publication Title New Orleans, Louisiana, City Directory, 1903 Household Members Name Age Aristide E P Albert

1. 5 New Orleans, Louisiana, City Directory, 1904

Name Aristide E P Albert Residence Year 1904 Street Address 141 S Basin Residence Place New Orleans, Louisiana, USA Publication Title New Orleans, Louisiana, City Directory, 1904 Household Members Name Age Aristide E P Albert

1. 6 New Orleans, Louisiana, City Directory, 1892

Name Rev Aristide E P Albert Gender Male Residence Year 1892 Residence Place 139 Poydras, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA Occupation Editor Publication Title New Orleans, Louisiana, City Directory, 1892 Household Members Name Age Rev Aristide E P Albert

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1910 Census:

Household
Relation to head Name Age Head A E P Albert 56 Wife Alice R Albert 46 Step-daughter Maud M Anderson 24 Niece Lena Roberts 19 Daughter Pocahontas M Albert 17 Son Arestide E P Albert, Jr 15 Daughter Ruth Albert 12 Son Luther Albert 10 Son Joseph Albert 8 Daughter Philadelphia Albert 7 Son Theodore R Albert 5

1910 Census also lists Father's Birthplace: Louisiana Mother's Birthplace: Louisiana; common thinking is that Pierre Albert was born in France; this needs further research and validation.

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Marriage of 1878 is from1900 Census Report

1900 United States Federal Census Census & Voter Lists Name Alice R Albert Spouse Archie S Albert Head of House Archie S Albert Children Pocahantas M Birth Dec 1864 - Louisiana Marriage 1878 Residence Police Jury Ward 3, Saint Mary, Louisiana - Age: 35

AEP Albert married Alice R. Anderson on November 21, 1890.

DOB from 1900 Census 1864

Shivers name from death certificate on son AEP's profile Residences via NO City Directories: 1000 Burdette in 1905 1016 Burdette in 1908 1002 Burdette in 1910

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Date of birth found in Passport Application filed 19 August 1901 - on or about 10 December 1853.

Per Ancestor.com,Marriage Record: 20 November 1890 ( Matches 2nd wife, Alice R. Albert)

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Date of birth, death, and place of death found in: 1) N.O. La, Death Records Index, 1804 - 1949; and 2) "Directory of Deceased American Physicians, 1804-1829".

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AEP Birth date, wife and children found in Accestery.com from 1910 US Federal Census Record. Also 1n 1910, lived in New Orleans,lived in Ward 16, Orleans County, LA.

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http://www.staugustinecatholicchurch-neworleans.org/plessy.htm

Homer Adolph Plessy : Civil Rights Activist (1863 – 1925) “And the said Homer Adolph Plessy in his own proper person cometh into Court here, and having heard the said information read, says: That this Honorable Court ought not to entertain further cognizance of this cause, because protesting that he is not guilty as in the said information above specified…”

Defendant’s Plea – Exhibit D

State Of Louisiana vs. Homer Adolph Plessy

Parish Of Orleans - October 1892

Homer Plessy is widely known as the plaintiff in the 1896 United States Supreme Court case of Plessy v. Ferguson. That was the case that sanctioned so-called separate-but-equal laws passed by Southern States following the Civil War. Far less known is the story of Homer Plessy, his background in old New Orleans, and his act of civil disobedience that brought this Treme resident’s case to the highest Court in America. A shoemaker and an education reform activist, he was married by St. Augustine Church pastor, Father Joseph Subileau, in the 1880’s.

Homer Plessy was born Homère Patris Plessy on St. Patrick’s Day, March 17, 1863 less than three months after the Emancipation Proclamation. His middle name later appears as “Adolph” or “Adolphe” after his father. His birth certificate lists his father as Adolphe Plessy, a colored carpenter, and Rosa Debergue, a seamstress. Both were classified as free people of color. Adolphe Plessy died when Homer was seven years old. In 1871, his mother Rosa married Victor M. Dupart who worked as a clerk at the post office. Like many members of the Dupart family, Homer Plessy pursued the craft of shoemaking. During the 1880’s, he worked at Patricio Brito’s shoe making business on Dumaine Street near North Rampart. In 1887, in his early twenties, Plessy became vice-president of an activist group called the Justice, Protective, Educational, and Social Club – a group dedicated to reforming public education in New Orleans. In July of 1888, Father Joseph Subileau of St. Augustine Church married twenty-five-year old Homer Plessy and nineteen-year old Louise Bordenave, the daughter of Oscar Bordenave and Madonna Labranche. Plessy’s employer Patricio Brito served as witness. In 1889, Homer and Louise moved to Faubourg Tremé at 1108 North Claiborne Avenue. He registered to vote in the Sixth Ward’s Third Precinct.

It was the Louisiana legislature’s passage of the Separate Car Act of 1890 that became the impetus for Homer Plessy’s train ride into history. That law forced railroad companies to segregate passengers by race and mandated the jailing of anyone riding in a section not allocated to their race. The Separate Car Act angered many Louisianans who had been free to ride anywhere on railroad trains since 1867. To challenge the law, a group of men organized the ‘Citizens Committee for Annulment of Act No. 111 Commonly Known as the Separate Car Law’ ( Comite des Citoyens). This group consisted of Republican activists, writers, lawyers, businessmen, former Union soldiers, and educators. Their goal was to employ civil disobedience and the judicial system to eliminate segregation laws in Louisiana and throughout the South. During 1891 and 1892, the Citizens Committee raised funds, secured legal representation, and recruited volunteers for civil disobedience test cases including Homer Plessy.

It was June 7, 1892 when Homer Adolph Plessy was arrested for violating the 1890 Louisiana Separate Car Act. That day, Homer Plessy arrived at the Press Street Railroad yards near the Mississippi River. He boarded the White Only car of the East Louisiana Railroad’s Number 8 train that was bound for Covington, La. The conductor stopped the train and summoned a detective who forcibly dragged Homer from the train. Plessy’s arrest took place at the corner of Royal and Press Streets. He was released on a surety bond that evening and members of the Citizens Committee met him at the police station. That November, Judge John Ferguson ruled against him as did the Louisiana State Supreme Court. In 1893, the Citizens Committee appealed to the United States Supreme Court.

It was 1896 when the United States Supreme Court ruled against Plessy and the Citizens’ Committee by a margin of 7 to 1. Though the majority of the Justices dismissed their Fourteenth Amendment claims, their arguments engendered the “Great Dissent” by Justice John Marshall Harlan which became a beacon for Civil Rights advocates in the twentieth century. In his dissent, Justice Harlan wrote:

“The destinies of the two races, in this country, are indissolubly linked together, and the interests of both require that the common government of all shall not permit the seeds of race hate to be planted under the sanction of law…The thin disguise of 'equal' accommodations for passengers in railroad coaches will not mislead any one, nor atone for the wrong this day done.”

In their final statement, the Citizens Committee proudly declared:

“We, as freemen, still believe that we were right and our cause is sacred… In defending the cause of liberty, we met with defeat but not with ignominy.”

Their philosophy and tactics portended successful Civil Rights strategies during the twentieth century.

Homer Plessy died in 1925. His obituary was simple: "Plessy - on Sunday, March 1, 1925, at 5:10 a.m. beloved husband of Louise Bordenave." He was buried in the Debergue-Blanco family tomb in St. Louis Cemetery #1.

Members of the Citizens Committee (1891–1896)

“We, therefore appeal to the citizens of New Orleans, of Louisiana, and of the whole Union to give us their moral sanction and financial aid in our endeavors to have that oppressive law annulled by the courts.

We call for such a demonstration as will plainly show the temper of the people against that infamous contrivance which has been appropriately characterized as the ‘Jim Crow Car’.”

An Appeal

Statement of the Citizens’ Committee

New Orleans, La.

September 5, 1891

• Arthur Esteves, President
• C. C. Antoine, Vice-President
• Firmin Christophe, Secretary
• G. G. Johnson, Assistant Secretary
• Paul Bonseigneur, Treasurer
• Laurent Auguste Rudolph B. Baquie Rodolphe Lucien Desdunes
• A. J. Giuranovich Alcee Labat E. A. Williams
• Pierre Chevalier Louis Andre Martinet Numa E. Mansion
• L. J. Joubert A. B. Kennedy Myrthil. J. Piron
• Eugene Luscy Julius Hall Frank Hall
• Noel Bachus George Geddes A. E. P. Albert

Copyright © 2005 Keith Weldon Medley

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Paul Harvey in “Through the Storm, Through the Night,” on AEP Albert

http://books.google.com/books?id=A2J0umW4LXwC&pg=PA76&lpg=PA76&dq=P...

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http://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofthi00ecum/proceedingsofthi00...

The Rev. A. E. P. Albert, D.D. (Methodist Episcopal Churoh),
concluded the discussion. He said :

The question of "Biblical Criticism and the Christian Faith" is one that admits of no colour, race, nor sex. It recognises no sectional difference and no latitudinal nor longitudinal complexion. It appeals to the awakened consciousness of the human intellect, the human heart, the human faith and purpose, and, as such, is entitled to our profoundest thought and consideration. It concerns man, and what- ever concerns man concerns me.

I rejoice to say in this great Parliament of Universal Methodism that the question of Biblical Criticism, higher or lower, does not disturb the faith of the great body of Christian believers which I have the honour to here represent. I do not mean that our people are entirely ignorant of the severe criticism to which the sacred Scriptures

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https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/FWHR-K8V

Aristides E. P. Albert, "Georgia, Marriages, 1808-1967"
No image available Search collection About this collection Name: Aristides E. P. Albert Birth Date: Birthplace: Age: Spouse's Name: Octavia V. Rogers Spouse's Birth Date: Spouse's Birthplace: Spouse's Age:

Event Date: 21 Oct 1874

Event Place: , Macon, Georgia=

Father's Name: Mother's Name: Spouse's Father's Name: Spouse's Mother's Name: Race: Marital Status: Previous Wife's Name: Spouse's Race: Spouse's Marital Status: Spouse's Previous Husband's Name: Indexing Project (Batch) Number: M71325-1 System Origin: Georgia-EASy GS Film number: 310919 Reference ID: Citing this Record

"Georgia, Marriages, 1808-1967," index, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/FWHR-K8V : accessed 09 Apr 2013), Aristides E. P. Albert and Octavia V. Rogers, 21 Oct 1874.

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Compiled by Byron Albert Smith:

Aristides Elphonso Peter Albert
• Born in St. Charles Parish, LA on December 10, 1853 to Pierre and Elizabeth Albert • Graduated from Straight University in New Orleans with B.A. and B.D. degrees in 1881 • Received his Doctor of Divinity degree from Straight University in 1885 (apparently the degree was issued jointly with Rust University in Mississippi inasmuch as the historical notes indicate a D.D. degree from Rust University in 1885 as well) • Received his M.D. degree from New Orleans University in 1892 • He married Octavia Rogers on October 21, 1874 (Octavia died on August 19, 1889) • He married Alice R. Anderson on November 21, 1890. • He was ordained and admitted in the Louisiana Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1878 • He was a pastor in Houma, La from 1878-79 • He was the pastor of the Union Chapel in New Orleans from 1889-1891 • He was a pastor in Shreveport, LA from 1886-87 • He was the pastor of the Wesley Chapel in New Orleans from 1900-1902 and the supernumerary in 1903 • He practiced medicine at his office at 7800 St. Charles Avenue in New Orleans. • He was the presiding elder for the LA Teche district from 1882-85 • He was the presiding elder for the New Orleans North district from 1893-1895 • He was the president of Gilbert College in Baldwin, LA from 1896-1900 • He was a member of the Board of Trustees of New Orleans University from 1880 - 1890 and was president of the Board of Trustees from 1887-1892 • He served as the Assistant Editor of the Southwestern Christian Advocate newspaper from 1881-84 and the Editor from 1887-1892. The SWCA was the largest circulation newspaper in New Orleans during his tenure • He was designated a Knight of the country of Liberia • At his death he resided at 1009 Burdette Street in New Orleans

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Original Message
From: Byron Sent: Wednesday, June 20, 2012 6:24 AM To: charliebodhi Cc: Smith, Mike (HRSA); Subject: Re: Family

The correct order was hazel, daddy, Florence and Albert.

Best regards.

Byron

Sent from my iPhone Byron Smith, Sr., Esq., CCIM,CRB Metropolitan Realty Group, Inc. Investment | Consulting | Training 12801 Worldgate Court | Suite 500 | Herndon, VA 20170 T 703-757-3880 | F 866-485-8193 | C 703-848-0900 With all thy getting get wisdom and understanding.

On Jun 19, 2012, at 10:41 AM, charliebodhi wrote:

Byron--We always heard that Albert (Daddy's brother) died of asthma running at a track meet when he was 17. I think Daddy was the oldest of the four siblings. Arthur and Albert were Daddy's uncles, Bambi's brothers, much older than he was. When he was sent to Washington to go to Dunbar H.S., he stayed with Uncle Albert, who lived in DC at the time. I visited with Uncle Arthur in the seventies when he lived in Oakland, CA.

AEP stood for social justice and progressive causes, unlike the unreconstructed robber barons and racists of today, masquerading as the responsible opposition. Even your Republican icon, Lincoln, deserves no credit as a savior, since all he did was to call for his country to end its human rights abuses of enslaving its own innocent people, imprisoning them, and stealing their labor (capitalism, right?).

Charles

On Jun 18, 2012, at 10:55 PM, Smith, Mike wrote:

Byron, where was daddy in that order?

Back then Republicans were good, progressive folks who largely embraced equality unlike the party members of today who are largely the political progeny of racist segregationists and various shades thereof (eg, Stennis, Thurmond, etc)...AEP certainly wouldn't be a Republican today! The Ed Brookes and Rockefellers no longer exist in the Republican Party...

________________________________
From: Byron Smith, Sr.
Sent: Monday, June 18, 2012 6:09 PM
To: Cecil Smith; Smith, Mike; charliebodhi
Subject: Family

Daddy had three siblings: Hazel, Albert and Florence (in that chronological order). So I believe our Uncle Albert in Baltimore was daddy's brother. I haven't found anything about Arthur yet.

BTW, the obituary for A.E.P (Aristides Elphonso Peter) Albert
indicated that although he was not an office-holding Republican he was an active worker for the Republican party. "He was an eloquent clean-cut, logical orator and appeared on public rostrums in New Orleans with prominent white Republican orators"

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http://www.houmatoday.com/article/20090513/ARTICLES/905139939

Photographs And Memories
Editorial endorses Houma man for minister to Liberia

Bill Ellzey Correspondent Published: Wednesday, May 13, 2009 at 11:00 a.m. Last Modified: Wednesday, May 13, 2009 at 11:33 a.m. Whether the Rev. A.E.P. Albert became the U.S. minister to Liberia, some 120 years ago, has yet to be confirmed, but it is clear from comments in the Feb. 5, 1887, Houma Courier, that he was a strong Louisiana favorite for the position.

And Albert had a local connection, having pastored an African Methodist Episcopal church located near the since-vanished Barataria Canal in Houma.

Since filled in, that canal connected Bayou Terrebonne with Bayou Black, its path lying between, and paralleling, present-day Canal and Barataria streets. Albert’s church likely survives today, in the form of one of several predominantly black churches in the general area.

Courier editors reprinted an editorial from the New Orleans “Times Democrat,” and added comments which clarified Albert’s connection with Houma.

Under the headline, “REV. A.E.P. ALBERT.,” Courier editors wrote, “We publish on our first page this week an editorial ‘clipping’ from the ‘Times-Democrat’ endorsing the Rev. A.E.P. Albert, from this State for the Liberian Mission, to which we would invite attention.

“This distinguished colored divine officiated, as many will remember, in the M.E. Church South, on the Canal, in Houma, ten years ago, we believe it was the first church assigned to him after he left college — and distinguished himself in a short time to such an extent that he was soon afterward called to do pastoral work in a much larger congregation in a church in New Orleans.

“Since that time he has scored abundant successes as a D.D. (doctor of divinity), and stands today preeminently adapted as a proper representative for the duties involved in such a mission. We cordially recommend his appointment.”

Elsewhere in paper is found the borrowed Times-Democrat editorial endorsing Albert, reprinted here in its entirety:

“Rev. A.E.P. Albert, colored, of this State, is being urged as minister to Liberia, a position made vacant by the death of Rev. Mr. Hopkins. Albert is strongly recommended from his State.

“He is unopposed by a single member of the Louisiana delegation, and several of them are giving him their active support. Gov. McEnery has sent a letter to the President in his behalf, while Drs. B.M. Palmer, T.H. Markam and H.M. Smith of this city (New Orleans), have done the same, as well as Rev. C.F. Evans of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Shreveport; Col. A.C. Mitchell; of the City Council, and Messrs. S.B. McCutcheon, bankers W.H. Wise, attorney, and a score of other gentlemen, planters and businessmen of that section. Finally, the Shreveport ‘Times’, Natchitoches ‘Review’ and other country papers have endorsed Albert in flattering editorials.

“This is strong backing, but not undeserved. We can say Albert presents many recommendations for the office. It is understood that a colored man from the South is to receive the mission, and we know of none of them better suited in every respect than he.

“A native of New Orleans, Albert is fully acclimated to those semi-tropical diseases which sometimes appear in Liberia, and which a Negro from some other portion of the country would scarcely be able to stand.

“His ability for a position of this kind is recognized by all, and his reputation is deservedly high.

“He is a young man in the prime of life — only thirty-four years of age — a graduate in the full classical and theological courses of Straight University, a D.D. of that college, as well as Rust University, Holly Springs, Miss., and has been a minister in the M.E. Church, a teacher, and held other positions requiring business tact.

“Having made a record, which has been commended by his white as well as by his colored neighbors and never having been contaminated by political corruption which cursed this State in the past, Albert, on account of his ability and standing would make an excellent minister to Liberia.”

While no other evidence of an Albert appointment as minister to Liberia has turned up, research in that direction has discovered that his wife authored a book recalling the experiences of former slaves. Details later.

The Courier is looking for your old photographs and the memories that go with them to run in this weekly feature. In order to protect your valuable photographs, do not send unsolicited photographs. Instead, contact Bill Ellzey at 876-5638 and leave a message. You also may write to him at: The Courier, P.O. Box 2717, Houma, LA 70361, or contact him via e-mail at

ellzey@mobiletel.com.

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http://www.houmatoday.com/article/20130225/articles/130229724

Local black couple instrumental in fighting for equal rights

Bill Ellzey
Correspondent Published: Monday, February 25, 2013 at 7:17 p.m. Last Modified: Monday, February 25, 2013 at 7:17 p.m. In the late 1800s, a black couple residing in Terrebonne Parish were together active in the efforts of former slaves to cultivate and extend the social equality gained by Emancipation and the Union victory ending the Civil War.

Enlarge The Rev. A.E.P. Albert

The Rev. A.E.P. Albert and his wife, Octavia, lived in Houma in the vicinity of present-day Canal and Barataria streets, where he was pastor of an African Methodist Episcopal Church, and she interviewed former slaves and wrote stories of their lives before they became freemen.

Both were well-educated. They had met as teachers together in Georgia before he was ordained.

A.E.P. — Aristides Elphonso Peter, according to historian Paul Harvey in “Through the Storm, Through the Night,” — was active in Methodist church activities. By 1890, he had become editor of the Southwestern Christian Advocate, published in New Orleans, and circulated to Methodist subscribers, white and black alike.

Octavia used her time in Houma to teach former slaves and to encourage their further education. Her interaction with the freemen also acquainted her with their lives as slaves, and she produced a series of biographical histories, which were edited and published by her husband and daughter, Laura, only after her death in 1890.

A series of Photographs and Memories articles about A.E.P. and Octavia was published here in 2009, following research into an 1897 Houma Courier editorial, which supported A.E.P.'s nomination to a position as minister to Liberia.

At that time (2009), few locals were aware that a black couple with such educational, literary or social activism credentials had lived in Houma some 120 years earlier.

This year, however, Henry Wicker, a great-great-grandson, now living on the East Coast, discovered the 2009 articles during a Google search and started an email correspondence, which continues today.

He said that the family had a well-worn copy of Octavia's book, “House of Bondage,” but most of his knowledge of his great-great-grandfather came from a 2005 book written by James B. Bennett, “Religion and the Rise of Jim Crow in New Orleans.”

There he learned that A.E.P. had been among those who tried to slow the 1890s advance of Jim Crow racial segregation by means of Plessy v. Ferguson, which ultimately backfired with the U.S. Supreme Court sanction of “separate but equal” segregation that prevailed in the South until the mid-1900s.

Plessy had been denied equal accommodations on a train traveling out of New Orleans, and sued in protest.

According to Bennett's 2005 book, A.E.P. had encountered a similar experience aboard a train from Houston to New Orleans in 1891.

At the time, white rail passengers could choose among several levels of service, ranging from plain “coach” to private Pullman sleeping cars, while blacks found themselves in a “colored car” no matter what ticket they held.

Worse, Bennett wrote, “the colored car often doubled as the smoking car, where whites gathered to drink, curse, and engage in otherwise prohibited behavior” with no intervention by train employees.

Returning in 1891 from Houston, where he had promoted the magazine he edited, Bennett wrote, A.E.P. “purchased a ticket for a first-class seat and a berth on a sleeper car” and was assigned a berth.

“Another conductor then complained that Albert's presence on the sleeping car violated Texas state law.”

A mob gathered, bent on “greeting” Albert on the platform. He maintained that he had been assigned the berth, that “he was just as much entitled to the comforts of the sleeping car as anybody else.

“Fortunately,” Bennett wrote, one conductor “pleaded on Albert's behalf that ‘such a dignified and cultured Christian gentleman' be shown mercy, focusing on his religious rather than his racial identity.”

Albert reached New Orleans safely, but the experience helped move him toward seeking legal relief in the Plessy case.

The Courier and Daily Comet are looking for your old photographs and the memories that go with them. In order to protect your valuable photographs, do not send unsolicited photographs. Instead, contact Bill Ellzey at 876-5638 and leave a message. You may also write to him at: The Courier, P.O. Box 2717, Houma, LA 70361 or contact him at bill-ellzey@att.net.

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Freedom's Coming: Religious Culture And The Shaping Of The South . Paul Harvey - 2005 - Religion: http://books.google.com/books?id=itIGwnI40tIC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=a...

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http://books.google.com/books?id=C4MzWTNaqH8C&pg=PA254&lpg=PA254&dq...

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http://books.google.com/books?id=A2J0umW4LXwC&pg=PA76&lpg=PA76&dq=A...

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More references:

http://www.staugustinecatholicchurch-neworleans.org/plessy.htm

http://books.google.com/books?id=Y80OAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA223&lpg=PA223&dq...

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A POSSIBLE SON/Grandson: AEP ALBERT of San Francisco
Also a possible relation: Lucille Albert referenced on Draft Card

Aristides Elphonso Pierre Albert, "United States, World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942"
View image Save image Search collection About this collection Name: Aristides Elphonso Pierre Albert Event Type: Draft Registration Event Date: 1942 Event Place: San Francisco, san Francisco, California Gender: Male Birth Date: 11 Mar 1895 Affiliate Publication Title: World War II Draft Cards (4th Registration) for the State of California Affiliate Publication Number: Affiliate ARC Identifier: 603155 GS Film number: 1409019 Digital Folder Number: 004667397 Image Number: 01797 https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/V48C-1K2

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THE FREEDMEN'S AID SOCIETY OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH

       At this juncture a meeting of ministers and laymen was called at the Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church in Cincinnati, Ohio, "to confer in regard to

Page 19 the work of relief and education required in behalf of the freedmen." The meeting was called to order at two o'clock on the afternoon of August 7, 1866, and lasted for two days. The following persons were present: Bishop D. W. Clark, Rev. Adam Poe, Rev. J. M. Reid, Rev. R. S. Rust, Rev. John M. Walden, Rev. J. R. Stillwell, and Mr. J. F. Larkin of Cincinnati; Rev. Luke Hitchcock and the Hon. Grant Goodrich of Chicago; Rev. B. F. Crary of St. Louis; and Rev. Robert Allyn of Lebanon. This meeting resulted in the organization of The Freedmen's Aid Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Bishop D. W. Clark being made president of the society and the Rev. John M. Walden its corresponding secretary.

       The nature of the discussion at this meeting is well illustrated by the following statement which was made relative to what the new society might accomplish:

At a moderate estimate it would secure fifty thousand dollars to be applied to these schools in connection with our mission work. This would support one hundred teachers nine months in the year; each teacher would have an average attendance of fifty scholars, making a total of five thousand. And, if these began in the alphabet, they would learn to read during the single session.
It was further emphasized at this meeting that the new society was "to cooperate with the Missionary and Church Extension Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church."
Within three months after its organization the
Page 20

SECRETARIES OF THE FREEDMEN'S AID SOCIETY, 1866-1912 Standing: W. P. Thirkield and M. C. B. Mason. Seated: J. C. Hartzell, J. M. Walden, R. S. Rust, and J. W. Hamilton

Page 21 new society was actually at work in the South. By the end of the first year the report showed 52 teachers employed, 5,000 pupils enrolled, and 59 schools conducted as follows: 17 in Tennessee, 11 in Georgia, 4 in Alabama, 3 in Kentucky, 9 in Louisiana, 1 in Mississippi, 1 in Arkansas, 8 in ,South Carolina, 2 in North Carolina, and 3 in Virginia.

THE BISHOPS SPEAK

       On November 8, 1866, the Board of Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church, assembled at New York city, declared:

The emancipation of four millions of slaves has opened at our very doors a wide field calling, alike for mission and educational work. It has devolved upon the church a fearful responsibility. Religion and education alone can make freedom a blessing to them.
The time may come when the States in the South will make some provision for the education of the colored children now growing up in utter ignorance in their midst. But thus far they have made none, nor perhaps can it soon be expected of them. Christian philanthropy must supply this lackWe cannot turn away from the appeal that comes home to our consciences and hearts. Nor can we delay. The emergency is upon us, and we must begin to work now.
UNMET NEEDS

       In spite of the good work so speedily undertaken by the Freedmen's Aid Society, it was possible to respond to only a fraction of the appeals which were made to it. With reference to the overwhelming number of appeals which had to be turned down an early report of the corresponding

Page 22 secretary says: "To refuse these applications has been the most painful duty connected with the affairs of the socie

THE FREEDMEN'S AID SOCIETY OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH

       At this juncture a meeting of ministers and laymen was called at the Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church in Cincinnati, Ohio, "to confer in regard to

Page 19 the work of relief and education required in behalf of the freedmen." The meeting was called to order at two o'clock on the afternoon of August 7, 1866, and lasted for two days. The following persons were present: Bishop D. W. Clark, Rev. Adam Poe, Rev. J. M. Reid, Rev. R. S. Rust, Rev. John M. Walden, Rev. J. R. Stillwell, and Mr. J. F. Larkin of Cincinnati; Rev. Luke Hitchcock and the Hon. Grant Goodrich of Chicago; Rev. B. F. Crary of St. Louis; and Rev. Robert Allyn of Lebanon. This meeting resulted in the organization of The Freedmen's Aid Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Bishop D. W. Clark being made president of the society and the Rev. John M. Walden its corresponding secretary.

       The nature of the discussion at this meeting is well illustrated by the following statement which was made relative to what the new society might accomplish:

At a moderate estimate it would secure fifty thousand dollars to be applied to these schools in connection with our mission work. This would support one hundred teachers nine months in the year; each teacher would have an average attendance of fifty scholars, making a total of five thousand. And, if these began in the alphabet, they would learn to read during the single session.
It was further emphasized at this meeting that the new society was "to cooperate with the Missionary and Church Extension Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church."
Within three months after its organization the
Page 20

SECRETARIES OF THE FREEDMEN'S AID SOCIETY, 1866-1912 Standing: W. P. Thirkield and M. C. B. Mason. Seated: J. C. Hartzell, J. M. Walden, R. S. Rust, and J. W. Hamilton

Page 21 new society was actually at work in the South. By the end of the first year the report showed 52 teachers employed, 5,000 pupils enrolled, and 59 schools conducted as follows: 17 in Tennessee, 11 in Georgia, 4 in Alabama, 3 in Kentucky, 9 in Louisiana, 1 in Mississippi, 1 in Arkansas, 8 in ,South Carolina, 2 in North Carolina, and 3 in Virginia.

THE BISHOPS SPEAK

       On November 8, 1866, the Board of Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church, assembled at New York city, declared:

The emancipation of four millions of slaves has opened at our very doors a wide field calling, alike for mission and educational work. It has devolved upon the church a fearful responsibility. Religion and education alone can make freedom a blessing to them.
The time may come when the States in the South will make some provision for the education of the colored children now growing up in utter ignorance in their midst. But thus far they have made none, nor perhaps can it soon be expected of them. Christian philanthropy must supply this lackWe cannot turn away from the appeal that comes home to our consciences and hearts. Nor can we delay. The emergency is upon us, and we must begin to work now.
UNMET NEEDS

       In spite of the good work so speedily undertaken by the Freedmen's Aid Society, it was possible to respond to only a fraction of the appeals which were made to it. With reference to the overwhelming number of appeals which had to be turned down an early report of the corresponding

Page 22 secretary says: "To refuse these applications has been the most painful duty connected with the affairs of the society.

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http://www.loc.gov/resource/mfd.35003/#seq-1 Oratory Document by AEP Albert