Saint Hermenegild

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Saint Hermenegild, Martyr

• Born Toletum, Visigothic Kingdom
• Died c. 13 April 585 - Hispalis, Hispania
• Venerated in Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church
• Feast April 13
• Attributes axe, crown, sword, and cross [1]
• Patronage Seville, Spain

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Saint Hermenegild or Ermengild (died 13 April 585; Spanish: San Hermenegildo; Latin: Hermenegildus, from Gothic *Airmana-gild, "immense tribute"), was the son of king Liuvigild of the Visigothic Kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula and southern France. He fell out with his father in 579, then revolted the following year. During his rebellion, he converted from Arianism to Catholicism. Hermenegild was defeated in 584 and exiled.[2] His death was later celebrated as a martyrdom due to the influence of Pope Gregory I's Dialogues, in which he portrayed Hermenegild as a "Catholic martyr rebelling against the tyranny of an Arian father."[3]

St. Hermenegild was the son of King Leovigild and brother to Reccared. He was brought up in the Arian belief, but married Ingund (the daughter of the Frankish King Sigebert I of Austrasia), who was a Catholic. Ingund was pressured by Leovigild's wife Goiswinth to abjure her beliefs, but she would not abandon her faith.

Under Ingund's influence, and that of St. Leander, Hermenegild was converted to Catholicism. His family demanded that he return to the Arian faith, but he refused. As a result, he led a revolt against Leovigild. He asked for the aid of the Byzantines, but he was left without aid. After some time he sought sanctuary in a church. Leovigild would not violate the sanctuary, but sent Reccared instead inside to speak with St. Hermenegild and to offer peace. This was accepted, and peace was made for some time. Goiswinth, however, brought about another alienation within the family. St. Hermenegild was imprisoned in Tarragona or Toledo. He subjected himself to mortifications, and asked God to aid him in his struggles.

During his captivity in the tower of Seville, an Arian bishop was sent to St. Hermenegild during the Easter Season, but he would not accept Holy Communion from the hands of that prelate. King Leovigild ordered him to be murdered, and the axemen found him to be resigned to this end. He was martyred on April 13, 585. The later conversion of King Reccared to Catholicism has been attributed to his brother's (St. Hermenegild's) intercession.

Goiswintha, however, brought about another alienation within the family. Hermenegild was imprisoned in Tarragona or Toledo. During his captivity in the tower of Seville, an Arian bishop was sent to Hermenegild for Easter but he would not accept the Eucharist from him.[9] King Liuvigild ordered him beheaded; he was executed on 13 April 585.[4]

He had one son by his wife named Athanagild after his matrilineal great-grandfather king Athanagild. They both tried to seek refuge in Constantinople after his execution, but it was refused while they were already in Sicily. She then returned to the Frankish Kingdom, where her son remained under her and her mother's custody.

17th-century Spanish genealogist Luis Bartolomé de Salazar y Castro gave Ardabast's father as Athanagild, the son of Saint Hermenegild and Ingund, and his mother as Flavia Juliana, a daughter of Peter Augustus and niece of the Emperor Maurice.[12] This imperial connection is disputed by Christian Settipani, who says that the only source for Athanagild's marriage to Flavia Julia is José Pellicer, who he claims to be a forger.[13]

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Family

Charles Cawley’s Project Medieval Lands. SPAIN: VANDALS, SUEVI & VISIGOTHS v4.0 Updated 28 February 2019 “Chapter 3. VISIGOTHS in SPAIN 531-711.”

King Leovigildo & his first wife had two children:

1. HERMENEGILDO “the Holy” ([550/55]-murdered Tarragona 13 Apr 586). … The Iohannis Abbatis Biclarensis Chronica records that Hermenegildo was sent into exile in 584 and in 585 was killed "in urbe Tarraconensi" by "Sisberto"[224]. He was canonised in 1586.

m (579) INGUNDIS [Ingonde] of the Franks, daughter of SIGEBERT I King of the Franks & his wife Brunechildis of the Visigoths ([567/68]-in Africa Autumn 586). The Iohannis Abbatis Biclarensis Chronica records the marriage in 579 of "Leovegildus rex Hermenegildo filio" and "filiam Sisberti regis Francorum"[225]. Gregory of Tours records that one of the sons of Leovigildo by his first wife married the daughter of Sigebert King of the Franks, in a later passage naming her "Ingund", specifying that she married Hermenegildo, older son of Leovigildo, and that she was mistreated by her husband's stepmother[226]. Paulus Diaconus records that "Childebertus rex Ingundem sororem suam" married "Herminigildo, Levigildi Hispanorum regis filio", and that she fled Spain for France after the death of her husband but was captured and taken to Sicily where she died[227]. Gregory of Tours records that her father-in-law left her "to the good graces of the Greeks" after imprisoning her husband and was unable to "force the Greeks to hand" her over[228]. She fled to Africa with her son after her husband was killed, seeking refuge with the Eastern Emperor[229].

Hermenegildo and his wife had one child:

• a) son . Paulus Diaconus records that, after Ingundis was captured following her husband's death, "filius eius" was handed over to Emperor Mauricius and taken to Constantinople[230]. same person as…? ATANAGILDO. Salazar y Castro, in his genealogical table of the Visigothic kings, shows "Atanagildo" as the son of Hermenegildo, as well as his marriage to "Flavia Juliana hija de Pedro Augusto, hermano del Emperador Mauricio", and their sons "Paulo" and "Ardavasto", as well as the latter´s marriage to "prima, hija o hermana del Rey Cindasuindo"[231] (see below). The primary sources on which these statements are based are not specified. The table includes numerous errors and the information should therefore be viewed with caution.

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• Hermenegild II "the Holy"1
• b. circa 555, d. 13 April 585
• Father Leovigild I, King of Spain2 b. circa 512, d. circa April 586
• Mother Theodosia of Cartagena b. circa 530 [sic: unknown]

Also called St. Hermenegild. Hermenegild II "the Holy" was born circa 555. He was the son of Leovigild I, King of Spain and Theodosia of Cartagena.2 Hermenegild II "the Holy" married Ingonde des Francs, daughter of Sigibertus I, rex Austrasii and Brunechildis the Visigoth, in 579; Ingund was in fact the cousin, once removed, of Hermenegild. Her mother's father was the uncle of Hermenegild.2,3,4 Hermenegild II "the Holy" renounced his arian faith for Catholicism after 579. This conversion would be the cause of revolt and his eventual death. He died on 13 April 585 at Tarragona, Spain. Beheaded by his father, Leovigild, for betraying him. His betrayal was to marry an zealous orthodox catholic, Ingund, and convert from arianism. Hermenegild rebelled with the help of Byzantium. Leovigild bribed Byzantium to betray his son and Hermenegild was thus captured and killed. "Most contemporary writers suggested that Hermenegild was executed as a rebel, but Pope Gregory I, in his Dialogues, stated that he was killed for refusing to receive communion from an Arian bishop."2 He was was canonized in 1585.2 Feast Day. "His cult was subsequently authorized for Spain by Pope Sixtus V and for the whole church by Urban VIII." On 13 April.

Family

Ingonde des Francs b. circa 559

Child

1. Athanagild II the Visigoth+ b. 5835,6

Citations

• [S187] Royal Genealogy Database, online http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/
• [S172] Various Encyclopaedea Britannica.
• [S187] Royal Genealogy Database, online http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/, Says 580 though..
• [S467] GdRdF, online http://jeanjacques.villemag.free.fr/
• [S231] Ian Wood, The Merovingian Kings, Prosopography, pg. 350-363.
• [S1596] Paul the Deacon, PDHL, 3.XXI.

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References

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermenegildo

Hermenegildo (¿Medina del Campo?, 564 – Tarragona, 13 de abril de 585) fue un príncipe visigodo, hijo del rey Leovigildo y de la hispanorromana Teodosia, y hermano de Recaredo. Fue educado en el arrianismo imperante entre los visigodos de la Península en ese entonces (a diferencia de los hispanorromanos, que eran mayoritariamente católicos). Su conversión al catolicismo lo enfrentó con su padre y provocó una contienda militar, que acabaría con su captura y muerte.

Fue canonizado en 1585 como mártir de la Iglesia Católica; es patrono de los conversos y su festividad se celebra el aniversario de su muerte, el 13 de abril.

Ya a muy temprana edad Hermenegildo y su hermano menor Recaredo fueron asociados al trono paterno (como antes su tío Liuva I había asociado al trono a su hermano Leovigildo). Formado bajo la influencia de san Leandro de Sevilla, hermano de su madre, a los quince años de edad contrajo matrimonio con la princesa católica franca Ingunda, hija de Sigeberto I y Brunegilda, en un intento de estrechar las relaciones iniciadas por el primer matrimonio de su padre. Enviado como gobernador a la provincia de Bética tras su matrimonio, la influencia de su esposa y de su tío Leandro, lo llevaron a la conversión rápidamente.

Los problemas políticos que una conversión en la sucesión real podía ocasionar y las sospechosas relaciones diplomáticas de Hermenegildo con el gobernador bizantino de la vecina provincia de Spania provocaron una creciente tensión en las relaciones con su padre. La dificultad existente entre católicos y arrianos se vio endurecida por la intransigencia de la esposa de Leovigildo, Goswinta. El conflicto armado comenzó en el año 581, y se prolongó hasta 584 (si bien Leovigildo se abocó a él con poca fuerza al principio, pues se encontraba ocupado en el norte). Hermenegildo, que contaba con el apoyo de los bizantinos, se vio tácticamente en inferioridad, cuando estos pactaron una alianza con Leovigildo por la cifra de 30.000 solidi de oro. En 583 fue sitiado en Sevilla, donde resistió más de un año, aunque finalmente debió escapar hacia Córdoba. Allí fue capturado por las fuerzas de su padre y enviado a prisión a Tarragona. Su esposa escapó a África y pidió asilo al emperador Mauricio de Bizancio, pero murió en el trayecto. El hijo de ambos, Atanagildo, fue entregado por orden del emperador a su abuela materna, a lo cual intentó oponerse Leovigildo, padre de Hermenegildo y abuelo suyo también.

Sin embargo, los principales especialistas en la historia de la Hispania visigoda, como E. A.Thompson o José Orlandis, no consideran que la conversión de Hermenegildo fuera la verdadera causa de la revuelta, sino más bien una excusa para ella. Se apoyan para esto en la tolerancia religiosa exhibida durante el reinado de Leovigildo y en los distintos intentos diplomáticos efectuados antes del inicio del conflicto. Más aún, incluso después de la conversión de los visigodos al catolicismo con Recaredo, los cronistas y actas conciliares hacen nula mención de Hermenegildo, su revuelta o su heroísmo, lo cual parece indicar que los visigodos católicos lo consideraban sólo un rebelde y no un mártir.

Aunque no se conservan testimonios independientes del hecho, los Dialogi de Gregorio I aseguran que Hermenegildo rechazó la oferta de perdón de su padre por fidelidad a la fe católica y que fue decapitado por su carcelero, Sisberto, tras negarse a recibir la sagrada comunión de manos de un obispo arriano el día de Pascua de 585.

Mucho menos favorable a Hermenegildo es la opinión del historiador franco Gregorio de Tours, muy bien informado del mundo visigodo, quien considera una grave falta que un hijo se alce contra su padre, aunque este sea arriano. A petición del rey Felipe II de España, Sixto V lo canonizó en el milésimo aniversario de su muerte. Junto a san Fernando es el santo patrono de la monarquía española.

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Hermenegildo (ca. 564 – Tarragona, 13 de abril de 585) fue un príncipe visigodo, hijo del rey Leovigildo y de la hispanorromana Teodosia, y hermano de Recaredo. Fue educado en el arrianismo imperante entre los visigodos de la Península en ese entonces (a diferencia de los hispanorromanos, que eran mayoritariamente católicos). Su conversión al catolicismo lo enfrentó con su padre y provocó una contienda militar, que acabaría con su captura y muerte.

Fue canonizado en 1585 como mártir de la Iglesia Católica; es patrono de los conversos y su festividad se celebra el aniversario de su muerte, el 13 de abril.

Triunfo de San Hermenegildo (1654), por Francisco de HerreraYa a muy temprana edad Hermenegildo y su hermano menor Recaredo fueron asociados al trono paterno (como antes su tío Liuva había asociado al trono a su hermano Leovigildo). Formado bajo la influencia de san Leandro de Sevilla, pariente de su madre, a los quince años de edad contrajo matrimonio con la princesa católica franca Ingunda, hija de Sigeberto I y Brunegilda, en un intento de estrechar las relaciones iniciadas por el primer matrimonio de su padre. Enviado como gobernador a la provincia de Bética tras su matrimonio, la influencia de su esposa y de su tío Leandro, lo llevaron a la conversión rápidamente.

Hermenegildo

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Saint Hermenegild (ca. 564 - April 13, 585), or Saint Ermengild (Spanish: San Hermenegildo) (from Gothic Ermen Gild: "immense tribute"), was a member of the Visigothic Royal Family in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula, comprising both modern Spain and Portugal). His ultimate martyrdom was the catalyst in the Visigoths conversion from Arianism to Catholicism.

St. Hermenegild was the son of King Leovigild and brother to Reccared. He was brought up in the Arian belief, but married Ingund (the daughter of the Frankish King Sigebert I of Austrasia), who was a Catholic. Ingund was pressured by Leovigild's wife Goiswinth to abjure her beliefs, but she would not abandon her faith.

Under Ingund's influence, and that of St. Leander, Hermenegild was converted to Catholicism. His family demanded that he return to the Arian faith, but he refused. As a result, he led a revolt against Leovigild. He asked for the aid of the Byzantines, but he was left without aid. After some time he sought sanctuary in a church. Leovigild would not violate the sanctuary, but sent Reccared instead inside to speak with St. Hermenegild and to offer peace. This was accepted, and peace was made for some time. Goiswinth, however, brought about another alienation within the family. St. Hermenegild was imprisoned in Tarragona or Toledo. He subjected himself to mortifications, and asked God to aid him in his struggles.

During his captivity in the tower of Seville, an Arian bishop was sent to St. Hermenegild during the Easter Season, but he would not accept Holy Communion from the hands of that prelate. King Leovigild ordered him to be murdered, and the axemen found him to be resigned to this end. He was martyred on April 13, 585. The later conversion of King Reccared to Catholicism has been attributed to his brother's (St. Hermenegild's) intercession.

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Saint Hermenegild (ca. 564 - April 13, 585), or Saint Ermengild (Spanish: San Hermenegildo) (from Gothic Ermen Gild: "immense tribute"), was a member of the Visigothic Royal Family in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula, comprising both modern Spain and Portugal). His ultimate martyrdom was the catalyst in the Visigoths conversion from Arianism to Catholicism.

St. Hermenegild was the son of King Leovigild and brother to Reccared. He was brought up in the Arian belief, but married Ingund (the daughter of the Frankish King Sigebert I of Austrasia), who was a Catholic. Ingund was pressured by Leovigild's wife Goiswinth to abjure her beliefs, but she would not abandon her faith.

Under Ingund's influence, and that of St. Leander, Hermenegild was converted to Catholicism. His family demanded that he return to the Arian faith, but he refused. As a result, he led a revolt against Leovigild. He asked for the aid of the Byzantines, but he was left without aid. After some time he sought sanctuary in a church. Leovigild would not violate the sanctuary, but sent Reccared instead inside to speak with St. Hermenegild and to offer peace. This was accepted, and peace was made for some time. Goiswinth, however, brought about another alienation within the family. St. Hermenegild was imprisoned in Tarragona or Toledo. He subjected himself to mortifications, and asked God to aid him in his struggles.

During his captivity in the tower of Seville, an Arian bishop was sent to St. Hermenegild during the Easter Season, but he would not accept Holy Communion from the hands of that prelate. King Leovigild ordered him to be murdered, and the axemen found him to be resigned to this end. He was martyred on April 13, 585. The later conversion of King Reccared to Catholicism has been attributed to his brother's (St. Hermenegild's) intercession.

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Hermenegild II "the Holy"1

b. circa 555, d. 13 April 585

Father Leovigild I, King of Spain2 b. circa 512, d. circa April 586

Mother Theodosia of Cartagena b. circa 530

    Also called St. Hermenegild. Hermenegild II "the Holy" was born circa 555. He was the son of Leovigild I, King of Spain and Theodosia of Cartagena.2 Hermenegild II "the Holy" married Ingonde des Francs, daughter of Sigibertus I, rex Austrasii and Brunechildis the Visigoth, in 579; Ingund was in fact the cousin, once removed, of Hermenegild. Her mother's father was the uncle of Hermenegild.2,3,4 Hermenegild II "the Holy" renounced his arian faith for Catholicism after 579. This conversion would be the cause of revolt and his eventual death. He died on 13 April 585 at Tarragona, Spain. Beheaded by his father, Leovigild, for betraying him. His betrayal was to marry an zealous orthodox catholic, Ingund, and convert from arianism. Hermenegild rebelled with the help of Byzantium. Leovigild bribed Byzantium to betray his son and Hermenegild was thus captured and killed. "Most contemporary writers suggested that Hermenegild was executed as a rebel, but Pope Gregory I, in his Dialogues, stated that he was killed for refusing to receive communion from an Arian bishop."2 He was was canonized in 1585.2 Feast Day. "His cult was subsequently authorized for Spain by Pope Sixtus V and for the whole church by Urban VIII." On 13 April.

Family

Ingonde des Francs b. circa 559

Child

Athanagild II the Visigoth+ b. 5835,6

Citations

[S187] Royal Genealogy Database, online http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/

[S172] Various Encyclopaedea Britannica.

[S187] Royal Genealogy Database, online http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/, Says 580 though..

[S467] GdRdF, online http://jeanjacques.villemag.free.fr/

[S231] Ian Wood, The Merovingian Kings, Prosopography, pg. 350-363.

[S1596] Paul the Deacon, PDHL, 3.XXI.

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Santo Hermenegildo

Na Wikipedia:

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermenegildo

Santo Hermenegildo (ca. 564 – Tarragona, 13 de Abril de 585) era filho do rei visigodo Leovigildo, e irmão de Recaredo. Educado no arianismo imperante entre os visigodos da Península Ibérica de então (ao contrário da população hispano-romana, que era maioritariamente católica), a sua conversão ao catolicismo fê-lo enfrentar o seu pai e causou uma contenda militar, a qual terminaria na sua captura e execução. Foi canonizado em 1585 como mártir da Igreja Católica; é o patrono dos convertidos, e celebra-se no aniversário da sua morte, a 13 de Abril.

Triunfo de Santo Hermenegildo (1654), por Francisco de HerreraAinda em tenra idade Hermenegildo e o seu irmão mais novo Recaredo foram associados ao trono de seu pai. Com 15 anos casou-se com a princesa franca Ingunda, filha de Sigeberto I e de Brunilda, numa tentativa de aproximar as relações iniciadas pelo primeiro casamento do seu pai. Nomeado governador da Bética, a influência da sua esposa e do bispo cristão Leandro de Sevilha levaram-no a converter-se rapidamente.

Uma conversão na família real mais imediata não estava isenta, porém, de problemas sucessórios, e as suspeitosas relações de Hermenegildo com o governador da província bizantina da Hispânia foram aumentando a tensão entre pai e filho; os conflitos que perduravam entre arianos e católicos viram-se agravados pela intransigência da nova esposa de Leovigildo, Gosvinta. Nesse mesmo ano o conflito degenerou em luta armada, que duraria até 584. Hermenegildo, que contava com o apoio dos bizantinos, viu-se em inferioridade táctica quando aqueles concluíram uma aliança com Leovigildo pela soma de 30.000 solidi de ouro; em 583 foi cercado em Sevilha, onde resistiu por mais de um ano, embora devesse fugir mais tarde para Córdova. Foi nesse cidade que foi capturado pelas forças de seu pai e foi mandado a ferros para Tarragona. Ingunda escapou para o norte de África e pediu asilo ao imperador Maurício de Bizâncio, mas faleceu durante a viagem; o filho de ambos, Atanagildo, foi entregue, por ordem do imperador, à sua avó materna.

Embora não se conservem relatos independentes dos factos, os Diálogos de Gregório I asseveram que Hermenegildo rejeitou a oferta de perdão do seu pai por fidelidade à fé católica, e que em consequência disso foi decapitado no Domingo de Páscoa de 585. A pedido de Filipe II de Espanha o Papa Sisto V canonizou Hermenegildo no milésimo aniversário da sua morte.

Obtido em "http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermenegildo"

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http://www.familysearch.org/eng/search/PRF/individual_record.asp?re...

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REI DE SEVILHA, Espanha

References

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom

Santo Hermenegildo

Na Wikipedia:

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermenegildo

Santo Hermenegildo (ca. 564 – Tarragona, 13 de Abril de 585) era filho do rei visigodo Leovigildo, e irmão de Recaredo. Educado no arianismo imperante entre os visigodos da Península Ibérica de então (ao contrário da população hispano-romana, que era maioritariamente católica), a sua conversão ao catolicismo fê-lo enfrentar o seu pai e causou uma contenda militar, a qual terminaria na sua captura e execução. Foi canonizado em 1585 como mártir da Igreja Católica; é o patrono dos convertidos, e celebra-se no aniversário da sua morte, a 13 de Abril.

Triunfo de Santo Hermenegildo (1654), por Francisco de HerreraAinda em tenra idade Hermenegildo e o seu irmão mais novo Recaredo foram associados ao trono de seu pai. Com 15 anos casou-se com a princesa franca Ingunda, filha de Sigeberto I e de Brunilda, numa tentativa de aproximar as relações iniciadas pelo primeiro casamento do seu pai. Nomeado governador da Bética, a influência da sua esposa e do bispo cristão Leandro de Sevilha levaram-no a converter-se rapidamente.

Uma conversão na família real mais imediata não estava isenta, porém, de problemas sucessórios, e as suspeitosas relações de Hermenegildo com o governador da província bizantina da Hispânia foram aumentando a tensão entre pai e filho; os conflitos que perduravam entre arianos e católicos viram-se agravados pela intransigência da nova esposa de Leovigildo, Gosvinta. Nesse mesmo ano o conflito degenerou em luta armada, que duraria até 584. Hermenegildo, que contava com o apoio dos bizantinos, viu-se em inferioridade táctica quando aqueles concluíram uma aliança com Leovigildo pela soma de 30.000 solidi de ouro; em 583 foi cercado em Sevilha, onde resistiu por mais de um ano, embora devesse fugir mais tarde para Córdova. Foi nesse cidade que foi capturado pelas forças de seu pai e foi mandado a ferros para Tarragona. Ingunda escapou para o norte de África e pediu asilo ao imperador Maurício de Bizâncio, mas faleceu durante a viagem; o filho de ambos, Atanagildo, foi entregue, por ordem do imperador, à sua avó materna.

Embora não se conservem relatos independentes dos factos, os Diálogos de Gregório I asseveram que Hermenegildo rejeitou a oferta de perdão do seu pai por fidelidade à fé católica, e que em consequência disso foi decapitado no Domingo de Páscoa de 585. A pedido de Filipe II de Espanha o Papa Sisto V canonizou Hermenegildo no milésimo aniversário da sua morte.

Obtido em "http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermenegildo"