Taïdula Khatun

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taydula_Khatun

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Howorth names “Taidula, a Christian, who gave her name, according to the tradition reported by Karamzin, to the famous iron capital of Russia, Tula” as one of the wives of Uzbek. She married secondly Khizir Khan, and thirdly Bazarji. Howorth says that “the reign of Nurus was but a short one. We are told that Khidr...killed Nurus, his son Timur, and the old Khatun Taidula”.

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Taydula, Taydulu, Taytugly-Khatun (d. Spring 1361 [1] ) - wife of the Khan of the Golden Horde Uzbek , mother of his sons Tinibek and Janibek , and also a daughter who was married to Harunbek, son of the ruler of Khorezm Kutlug-Timur . Taydula became the eldest wife of Uzbek Khan[ source not specified 2880 days ] after the death of his wife Bayalun in 1323, according to the Simeon Chronicle . According to R. Yu. Pochekaev, Bayalun fled from the khan to Constantinople to her father, Emperor Andronicus II . According to Ibn Battuta, the preference that Uzbek showed her was associated with a physiological feature: "The Sultan loves her for one characteristic of her, which (consists) in the fact that every night he finds her as if a virgin."

The eldest son and heir of Uzbek Timur died while his father was still alive in 1330. Taidula's children vied for inheritance. The eldest son of Taydula Tinibek enjoyed the favor of his father, he was entrusted with responsible posts, one of which was the governorship in Khorezm. However, in this post he somehow did not please his father, and from 1339-1340 coins of the Golden Horde were minted with the names of Uzbek and Janibek, and Uzbek, Taidula and Janibek were mentioned in diplomatic letters in greetings.

After the death of Uzbek Khan When Uzbek Khan died in 1341, power in the capital was in the hands of Janibek and Taydula, who fully supported their youngest son. Despite this, the top of the Horde did not violate the laws and proclaimed Tinibek Khan, who was in Khorezm. However, even before Tinibek's arrival in Saray, Janibek and Taydula were able to kill a possible competitor - Khizrbek, Uzbek's son from another wife. The murder of Khizrbek made Tinibek want to punish Janibek, but he, with the help of his mother, gathered a sufficient number of supporters. As a result of the internecine struggle, Tinibek died under unclear circumstances, and in 1342 Janibek became Khan. At the same time, Taidula received significant sources of income as gifts from her youngest son, in particular, Tula was transferred to herrun by her Baskaki , and part of the trading fees in Azov .

Janibek and his mother led a complex policy towards the Russian clergy. Janibek, contrary to Mongolian customs, imposed some taxes on the church. Probably, as compensation, Taidula in 1347 issued a letter to Bishop John of Sarai , which confirmed the independence of the church court from the princely one.

In 1357, Khan Janibek returning after the conquest of Azerbaijan fell seriously ill. Modern researchers believe that Taidula summoned Metropolitan Alexy to treat him , who was famous for the art of healing, but could not heal the khan. At the same time, Taidula used as an excuse to call her illness, since she could not allow the disclosure of information about the illness of the khan himself. In Russian sources, on the basis of her message, it is reported that Alexy went to treat the hansha's eye disease and cured her. In memory of the miraculous healing of Taidula's blindness, Metropolitan Alexy founded the Miracle Monastery in the Moscow Kremlin in 1365 [2] .

In 1357, after the death of Janibek, his son and, accordingly, the grandson of Taydula, Berdibek , came to power , under him, as well as under his father, Taydula participated in governing the state. It is known that she tried a lawsuit between the Zolotordyn merchants and the Venetians , who robbed and captured these merchants.

Berdibek was overthrown and killed as a result of a coup carried out in 1359 by Kulpa (Kulnaya). Taydula entered into a power struggle with him. R. Yu. Pochekaev reports that in search of a worthy candidate for the khan, she first considered the candidacy of the Shibanid Khyzr , but then inclined towards Muhammad Nauruzbek .

Remarriage In 1360, Taydula took active steps to regain her former power. Kulpa was overthrown and killed along with his sons. Taydula married Nauruz to secure the rights of her protege to the throne of the Golden Horde. However, their joint rule did not last long. Khizr was able to find support among the capital's nobility. In the same 1360 he attacked the capital, using the help of his supporters in the city. As a result of the coup, Nauruz and Taidula were killed.

" The same spring came to the Volga kingdom, a certain tsar from the Zayadzka, named Khidyr, took Ordo and the king Navrous and killed the Queen Taidula, and the princes of the Ordinsky Mualbousinou killed a multitude of children, and he himself went to the kingdom. Rogozhsky chronicler [3] "

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https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%...