Tiyeboo [Donggo]

T'ieh-pao 鐵保 (T. 冶亭 H. 梅庵), Feb. 28, 1752-1824, Feb. 2, official, was a member of the Donggo Clan and belonged to the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner. It is reported that an ancestor who was taken to Donggo—near K'uan-tien, southeast of Mukden—by the Juchen (see under Nurhaci), probably in the twelfth century, was descended from the Sung Emperor Ying-tsung 宋英宗 (personal names 趙曙 and 趙宗實, 1032-1067). Under the Manchu dynasty the family produced a line of military men, T'ieh-pao being the first to attain prominence in letters. He became a chin-shih in 1772 and was appointed a secretary in the Board of Civil Offices—later (1778) rising to a department director. His talents were highly commended by A-kuei [q.v.], and in 1780 he was made a supervisor of Imperial Instruction, thus becoming a member of the Hanlin Academy. Degraded early in 1781, he gradually worked his way up, and in 1785 was again made a department director in the Board of Civil Offices, and concurrently an expositor of the Hanlin Academy. After several promotions he became, early in 1799, senior vice-president of the Board of Civil Offices, but within a month-for scolding a subordinate-was degraded for a time to a subchancellor of the Grand Secretariat. Thereupon he was sent to Mukden as vice-president of the Board of War in Manchuria and was later transferred to the Board of Punishments with the concurrent post of governor of Feng-t'ien-fu. Later in the same year (1799) he was recalled to Peking to serve as Vice-president of the Board of Civil Offices, and early in 1800 was appointed director-general of Grain Transport. Then he served as governor of Shantung (1803-05) and governor-general of Kiangsu, Anhwei and Kiangsi (1805-09). For failure to 'report the murder of one magistrate by another, he was discharged (1809) and banished to Urumchi where he soon (1810) obtained a pardon and was appointed assistant to the military governor residing at Kashgar. Recalled in 1811, he rose to the presidency of the Board of Ceremonies (1813) and then of the Board of Civil Offices (1813-14). In 1814 he was denounced by Sung-pin [q.v.] for a mistrial in Kashgar that resulted in the execution of several Mohammedans. Again he was sentenced to banishment, this time to Kirin where he was ordered to serve under the military governor. After four years in exile he was pardoned (1818), recalled to Peking, and given the rank of a librarian of the Supervisorate of Imperial Instruction. In 1821 he was permitted to retire with the title of an official of the third grade.

Celebrated as a man of letters, T'ieh-pao served as one of the directors for the compilation of the second edition of the general history of the Manchu Banner system, known as Pa-ch'i t'ung-chih, 342 + 12 chüan (see under Li Fu), which was commissioned in 1786 and printed in 1799. Likewise he was authorized by Emperor Jên-tsung to compile an anthology of poems by members of the Imperial Family and by Bannermen, entitled 熙朝雅頌集 Hsi-ch'ao ya-sung chi, 134 chüan, which was completed in 1804 with the help of Fa-shih-shan [q.v.], Wu Tzŭ (see under Wu Hsi-ch'i) and others, and printed by Juan Yüan [q.v.] early in 1805. During his last days T'ieh-pao wrote a chronological autobiography, entitled 梅庵年譜 Mei-an nien-p'u, 2 chüan, which he included in the collection of his literary works, entitled 惟清齋全集 Wei-ch'ing chai ch'üan-chi (also known as Mei-an ch'üan-chi), 19 chüan, printed in 1822. As a calligrapher he ranked with Liu Yung and Wêng Fang-kang [qq.v.].

T'ieh-pao served as director or examiner at many examinations and was famous for patronizing those of his disciples who became chü-jên or chin-shih at the examinations he conducted. Among such were Juan Yüan, Na-yen-ch'êng, P'an Shih-ên [qq.v.] and Wu T'ing-ch'ên (see under Shih Yün-yü). T'ieh-pao's younger brother, Yü-pao 玉保 (T. 德符 H. 閬峰, 1759-1798), was also a member of the Hanlin Academy and served as senior vice-president of the Board of Civil Office from 1797 to 1798. Yü-pao left a collection of poems entitled 閬峰詩鈔 Lang fêng shih-ch'ao (also known as 蘿月軒存稿 Lo-yüeh hsüan ts'un-kao).

[ 1/359/lb; 2/32/38b; 3/101/22a; 5/9/lOb; 7/43/6a; 26/2/37b; 29/6/17a.]

FANG CHAO-YING

正黃旗滿洲 乾隆庚寅恩科舉人 壬辰科進士 官至兩江總督 吏禮部尚書 太子少保 賞戴花翎

《清史稿》卷353

鐵保，字冶亭，棟鄂氏，滿洲正黃旗人。先世姓覺羅，稱為趙宋之裔，後改今氏。父誠泰，泰寧鎮總兵，世為將家。 鐵保折節讀書，年二十一，成乾隆三十七年進士，授吏部主事，襲恩騎尉世職。於曹司中介然孤立，意有不可，爭辯勿撓。大學士阿桂屢薦之，遷郎中，擢少詹事，因事罷。尋補戶部員外郎，調吏部。擢翰林院侍講學士，仍兼吏部行走，歷侍讀學士、內閣學士。五十四年，遷禮部侍郎，兼副都統。校射中的，賜花翎。調吏部。嘉慶四年，奏劾司員，帝責其過當，左遷內閣學士，轉盛京兵部、刑部侍郎，兼奉天府尹。尋復召為吏部侍郎，出為漕運總督。五年，值車駕將幸盛京，疏請御道因舊址，勿闢新道；裁革餽送扈從官員土儀；禁從官妄拿車馬：上嘉納之。七年，遷廣東巡撫，調山東。河決衡家樓，詔預籌運道。九年三月，漕運迅速，加太子少保。尋以水淺船遲，革職留任。十年，擢兩江總督，命覆鞫安徽壽州武舉張大有妒姦毒斃族姪獄，蘇州知府周鍔受賄輕縱，及初彭齡為安徽巡撫，勘實置法。鐵保坐失察，褫宮銜，降二品頂戴，尋復之。十二年，疏請八旗兵米酌給二成折色，詔斥妄改舊章，革職留任。先後疏論治河，請改建王營減壩，培築高堰、山盱隄後土坡及河岸大隄，修復雲梯關外海口，遣大臣勘議，並採其說施行。十四年，運河屢壞隄，荷花塘決口合而復潰，鐫級留任。山陽知縣王伸漢冒賑，酖殺委員李毓昌，至是事覺，詔斥鐵保 偏聽固執，河工日壞，吏治日弛，釀成重獄，褫職，遣戍烏魯木齊。逾年，給三等侍衛，充葉爾羌辦事大臣。尋授翰林院侍講學士，調喀什噶爾參贊大臣。授浙江巡撫，未之任，改吏部侍郎。擢禮部尚書，調吏部。請芟吏、兵兩部苛例，條陳時政，多見施行。林清之變，召對，極言內監通賊有據，因窮治逆黨，內監多銜恨，遍騰謗言。會伊犁將軍松筠劾 鐵保前在喀什噶爾治叛裔玉素普之獄，誤聽人言，枉殺回民毛拉素皮等四人，上怒，追念江南李毓昌之獄，斥其屢蹈重咎，褫職，發往吉林效力。二十三年，召為司經局洗馬。道光初，以疾乞休，賜三品卿銜。四年，卒。鐵保慷慨論事，高宗謂其有大臣風。及居外任，自欲有所表見，倨傲，意為愛憎，屢以措施失當被黜。然優於文學，詞翰並美。兩典禮闈及山東、順天鄉試，皆得人。留心文獻，為八旗通志總裁。多得開國以來滿洲、蒙古、漢軍遺集，先成白山詩介五十卷，復增輯改編，得一百三十四卷，進御，仁宗製序，賜名熙朝雅頌集。自著曰懷清齋集。