Vincenzo Bellini

• Maria Callas Casta Diva (Norma)
• Luciano Pavarotti - Bellini - Vaga Luna
• Symphony from "Norma"
• "Oh quante volte" (Natalie Dessay)

Vincenzo Salvatore Carmelo Francesco Bellini (3 November 1801 – 23 September 1835) was an Italian opera composer. His greatest works are I Capuleti ed i Montecchi (1830), La sonnambula (1831), Norma (1831), Beatrice di Tenda (1833), and I puritani (1835). Known for his long-flowing melodic lines, for which he was named "the Swan of Catania," Bellini was the quintessential composer of bel canto opera.

Life

Born in Catania, Sicily, Bellini was a child prodigy from a highly musical family and legend has it he could sing an aria of Valentino Fioravanti at eighteen months. He began studying music theory at two, the piano at three, and by the age of five could apparently play well. Bellini's first five pieces were composed when he was just six years old. Regardless of the veracity of these claims, it is certain that Bellini grew up in a musical household and that a career as a musician was never in doubt.

Having learned from his grandfather, Bellini left provincial Catania in June 1819 to study at the conservatory in Naples, with a stipend from the municipal government of Catania. By 1822 he was in the class of the director Nicolò Zingarelli, studying the masters of the Neapolitan school and the orchestral works of Haydn and Mozart. It was the custom at the Conservatory to introduce a promising student to the public with a dramatic work: the result was Bellini's first opera Adelson e Salvini an opera semiseria that was presented at the Conservatory's theatre. Bellini's next opera, Bianca e Gernando, met with some success at the Teatro San Carlo, leading to a commission from the impresario Barbaia for an opera at La Scala. Il pirata was a resounding immediate success and began Bellini's faithful and fruitful collaboration with the librettist and poet Felice Romani, and cemented his friendship with his favored tenor Giovanni Battista Rubini, who had sung in Bianca e Gernando.

Bellini spent the next years, 1827–33 in Milan, where all doors were open to him. Sparking controversy in the press for its new style and its restless harmonic shifts into remote keys, La straniera (1828) was even more successful than Il pirata, and allowed Bellini to support himself solely by his opera commissions. The composer showed the taste for social life and the dandyism that Heinrich Heine emphasized in his literary portrait of Bellini (Florentinische Nächte, 1837). Opening a new theatre in Parma, his Zaira (1829) was a failure at the Teatro Ducale, but Venice welcomed I Capuleti e i Montecchi, which was based on the same Italian source as Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.

The next five years were triumphant, with major successes with his greatest works, La sonnambula, Norma and I puritani, cut short by Bellini's premature death just nine months after the premiere of I puritani. Bellini left London for Paris, but never completed the journey back to Milan.

Bellini died in Puteaux, near Paris of acute inflammation of the intestine, and was buried in the cemetery of Père Lachaise, Paris; his remains were removed to the cathedral of Catania in 1876. The Museo Belliniano housed in the Gravina Cruyllas Palace, in Catania, preserves memorabilia and scores.

Works

In 1999, the Italian music publisher Casa Ricordi, in collaboration with the Teatro Massimo Bellini in Catania, embarked on a project to publish critical editions of the complete works of Bellini.

Vincenzo Salvatore Carmelo Francesco Bellini (n. Catania, Sicilia, Reino de las Dos Sicilias, 3 de noviembre de 1801 - † Puteaux, Francia, 23 de septiembre de 1835). Compositor siciliano.

Hijo del organista Rosario Bellini, recibió las primeras lecciones de música de su padre y de su abuelo, Vincenzo Tobia. Bellini fue un niño prodigio y cuenta la leyenda que a los dieciocho meses era capaz de cantar un aria de Valentino Fioravanti, que comenzó a estudiar teoría musical a los dos años de edad, piano a los tres y que a los cinco era capaz de tocarlo con soltura. Su primera composición data de cuando tenía seis años. Con una beca que le proporcionó el Duque de San Martino ingresó en Colegio de San Sebastián de Nápoles, donde estudió armonía con Giovanni Furno, contrapunto con Giacomo Tritto y composición con el célebre Nicola Zingarelli. Compuso música sacra (motetes, misas, etc.), de cámara, un famoso concierto para oboe y sinfónica, pero es la ópera el género musical que le dio fama. Compuso para virtuosos del bel canto, expresión lírica que exige una gran precisión y agilidad vocal. Intentó minimizar las diferencias clásicas entre las partes cantadas y recitadas —arias y recitativos—, manteniendo la tensión dramática. El estreno de su primera ópera, Adelson e Salvini, se produjo en 1825. Domenico Barbaja, director del Teatro de San Carlos de Nápoles y de La Scala de Milán, se interesó por ella, encargándole varias obras posteriormente. Su obra más difundida es Norma, en la que destaca la muy célebre aria Casta Diva, donde se conjuntan la gravedad clásica con un apasionamiento muy romántico en la expresión, siendo éste uno de los grandes roles para soprano dentro del repertorio. Durante el siglo XX destacaron en este papel María Callas, que fue la más famosa Norma del siglo; y Joan Sutherland quien recuperó el carácter puramente belcantista del papel, enterrado por los excesos veristas de las generaciones de cantantes anteriores. Luego de tratar de introducirse en el ambiente operístico de Londres con escasa resonancia, Bellini se retiró a París. En Francia le sorprendió la muerte a los 34 años, tras una breve enfermedad.

Principales óperas

Adelson e Salvini (12 de febrero de 1825 Teatro del Conservatorio di S. Sebastiano, Nápoles) Bianca e Fernando (30 de mayo de 1826 Teatro San Carlo, Nápoles); versión revisada: Bianca e Fernando (7 de abril de 1828 Teatro Carlo Felice, Génova) Il pirata (27 de octubre de 1827 Teatro de La Scala, Milán) La straniera (14 de febrero de 1829 Teatro de La Scala, Milán) Zaira (16 de mayo de 1829 Teatro Ducale, Parma) I Capuleti e i Montecchi (11 de marzo de 1830 La Fenice, Venecia) La sonnambula (6 de marzo de 1831 Teatro Carcano, Milán) Norma (26 de diciembre de 1831 Teatro de La Scala, Milán) Beatrice di Tenda (16 de marzo de 1833 La Fenice, Venecia) I puritani (24 de enero de 1835 Théâtre Italien, París)

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini