Yu Chenglong 于成龍

YÜ Ch'êng-lung 于成龍 (T. 振甲 H. 如山), Aug. 14, 1638–1700, Apr. 16, official, was a native of Kai-p'ing, Liaotung. His family, which belonged to the Chinese Bordered Red Banner, migrated to Chihli in 1648 and, after several removals, settled in the Ku-an district of that province in 1653. In 1667 Yü Ch'êng-lung was adopted as an heir by a relative, Yü Tê-shui 于得水 (d. 1695), for whose meritorious military service the adopted son was given in 1668 the post of magistrate of Lo-t'ing, Chihli. His upright and just administration made him popular with the natives of the district, who were successful on several occasions in securing the renewal of his term of office. Given the post of department magistrate of Tungchow in 1679, his popularity grew, and three years later, on the recommendation of his namesake and contemporary, Yü Ch'êng-lung [q.v.], then governor-general of Kiangnan and Kiangsi, he was made prefect of Chiang-ning-fu (Nanking). In 1684, when Emperor Shêng-tsu was sojourning at Nanking on his first tour of the South, he was pleased with Yü's incorruptibility and appointed him provincial judge of Anhwei. When the Emperor returned to Peking he summoned Yü's adoptive father to Court and presented him with an imperial fur robe. All officials were told to instruct their sons to follow his example.

About this time Yü Ch'êng-lung was ordered to assist Chin Fu [q.v.], the director-general of Yellow River Conservancy, in a project for deepening the outlet of the Yellow River in order to release the flood waters in that region. The river was then following its old course past Kaifeng, Honan, sharing part of the bed of the Grand Canal and emptying into the sea south of the Shantung promontory. Its shallow and narrow mouth caused constant floods in northern Kiangsu, and Yü planned to deepen the last section of its course. However, owing to objections interposed by Chin Fu at a conference in Peking the project was not carried out and Yü Ch'êng-lung was appointed governor of Chihli (1686). In 1690 he was made president of the Censorate and later was given the concurrent duties of lieutenant-general of the Chinese Bordered Red Banner. Early in 1693 he was appointed director-general of the Yellow River Conservancy to succeed Chin Fu who had died late in the previous year. Two years later he retired to mourn the death of his adoptive father, but in 1696, when the Emperor went on his expedition against Galdan [q.v.] in Outer Mongolia, Yü was placed in charge of the transport of food and arms for the central route army (see under Fiyanggû and Hsüan-yeh). Unfortunately his caravan reached the scene after the prearranged schedule. As Galdan fled from the Kerulun River, the Emperor ordered Maska [q.%E2%80%AFv.] to pursue him with a small detachment while the Emperor and most of the army, having only a few days' rations, turned back to meet Yu and his supplies. For their tardiness Yü and other officials in charge of transport were ordered, in 1697, to transport supplies on their own account for the expedition to Ninghsia, Kansu. The death of Galdan put an end to the military operations, and Yü Ch'êng-lung on his return was rewarded with a minor hereditary rank.

In 1698 he was reappointed Governor of Chihli and was given the task of repairing the dykes and deepening the bed of the Lu-kou River 盧溝河 (also called Hun Ho 渾河 or Sang-kan Ho 桑乾河). This river, which flows south of Peking, had caused damage throughout the Liao, Chin, Yüan and Ming periods, and was called by the natives "the river of varying courses" (無定河 Wu-ting Ho). Yü Ch'êng-lung built strong dykes along its course between Peking and Tientsin and had it deepened in many places. The Emperor was pleased and gave the river its new name, Yung-ting Ho 永定河, "Permanently Stabilized River". For forty years it did not alter its course, but thereafter it overflowed from time to time. In the year 1698 Yu was again placed in charge of Yellow River Conservancy. He died two years later and was canonized as Hsiang-ch'in 襄勤. In 1730 his name was placed in the Temple of Eminent Statesmen.

He was one of the famous officials of the Ch'ing period and, like P'êng P'êng and Shih Shih-lun [qq.v.], was idealized by the common people. From verbal legends, partly true but mostly imaginary, their life stories were written by anonymous authors in the form of narratives known as Kung an 公案, or records of interesting judicial cases, which bear a remote resemblance to the detective stories of the West. The tale relating to Yü Ch'êng-lung, entitled Yü kung an ch'i-wên (奇聞), 8 chüan of 292 chapters (囘), was probably written in the middle of the eighteenth century.

[ Yü Hsiang-ch'in kung nien-p'u (chronological biography); 1/134/9a; 1/285/10a; 2/8/43a; 3/160/14a; 4/75/7b; 4/76/13a; 34/204/26a; Yung-ting ho chih (1815), chüan 2 and 4.]

Fang Chao-ying

（该墓志是刑部尚书王士祯撰文，工部右侍郎英涵篆额，通政使司右通政阮尔洵书丹）

皇清诰授光禄大夫、兵部尚书兼都察院右都御史、总督河道提督军务、拜他喇布勒哈番加十级振甲于公墓志并铭

赐进士出身、资政大夫、经筳讲官、刑部尚书、前都察院掌院事、左都御史、户部左侍郞、钦命祭告西岳西镇江渎、户部右侍郞、督理京省钱法、兵部督补右侍郞、辛未科会试总裁、都察院协理院事、左副都御史、三朝国史副总裁、编纂续类亟总裁、詹事府少詹事兼翰林院侍讲学士、钦命祭告南海、国子监祭酒、翰林院侍读侍讲、纂修明史、戊午科顺天武乡试正主考、壬子科四川乡试正主考、济南年家眷弟王士祯顿首拜撰。

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赐进士出身、中宪大夫、通政使司右通政、前鸿胪寺卿、通政使司左右参议、掌山西山东京畿河南道事、掌登闻院侍经筵、稽查两局、巡视南城广东道监察御史、翰林院庶吉士、奉命祭告辽太祖陵、庚午科顺天武闱监试、甲戍科殿试受业阮尔询书丹。

国朝有清忠强直经济名臣曰两于公，皆讳成龙。其一官总督江南江西、兵部尚书，卒赠太子少保，谥清端。其一历官总督河道、兵部尚书兼右都御史，前都察院左都御史、太子少保，谥曰襄勤，则公也，字振甲，世奉天盖平人，徏广宁。父得水，光禄大夫，三等阿达哈哈番，以公贵进封光禄大夫、都察院左都御史、镶红旗汉军都统。本生父国安，移赠如前官。

公少有威棱，慷慨负大志，起家乐亭县令，恤民缉盗有殊绩，以诖误去乐亭，民数千人再叫阍乞留，奉俞旨复官。以才望推举知通州，治视乐亭而加严逋盗屏迹。会禁旅班师，令行禁止，市肆不扰。是时，于清端公填抚京畿，雅重公治行，尤喜其戆直无隐，遇之有加礼。会清端擢总督江，左右开制府于金陵，特疏公守江宁，引以自助。公莅江宁，益励清节。事关利害，侃侃持之，虽制府意不肯苟同，清端愈益重之。徐州奸民某，走京师，以左道惑众。上变事下，制府檄江宁、镇江两守会鞫，公力白其冤状，制府疑故纵，诘责甚厉。公庭争曰：“某一身不足惜，残民以逞，其去屠伯几何？以一官易数百民命，某实甘之。”制府无以夺，疏上部议不可，谳狱者皆丽考功，法当免官，公闻之怡然。卒荷（空一格）恩得释。

濒江芦洲土沃赋轻，明时为勋戚产。今多豪强隐占累民。公锐志澄清，豁坍江，升欺隐，凡密芦、稀芦、泮滩、草滩、水影各有差等，芦政一清。京口水师设沙船数百艘，每遇修艌之期，例发各郡，无许派民，他时一船或费至千金。公躬亲视事，竹头木屑，未尝轻弃，比讫，工计一船之费，不出二百缗，制府善之。

康熙甲子，上南巡至金陵，诸守臣迎驾通济门外，上首问：“于成龙安在？”公趋跪马前（空一格），上注目者久之。至行宫，（空一格）赐（空一格）御书一卷。至宿迁，（空一格）特擢江南安徽观察。（空一格）驾至京师，召公入朝，赐貂裘二袭。仍传谕八旗：“父兄教其子弟，常以于某为法。”其宠异如此。

寻以观察移督下河。会河议起，众喙纷纭。公被召留京。未几，特擢佥都御史，巡抚直隶。乙丑二月也，升辞，天语褒嘉，谕以“奉公守法，洁己率属”。公奏曰：“圣训八字，臣职分所当为，然臣受恩深重，非行他人不敢行之事，不足答殊知于万分一。臣此去赴任，止知有君父，不知有权要。”又谕：“尔当廉洁爱民，以宽济严，不可太刻，朕御下以宽，尔具知之，宜体此意。”出至后左门，侍卫传上命：“赐白金千两，表裹二十疋。”公既莅上谷，谕众曰：“何利可兴？但能无害于民，便是利矣。”其治首在肃官，常严盗贼，禁科派。于是首疏：狐皮采买累民，请额征折色。奉俞旨，三省所解狐皮，准解折色，于京师采办，山西、河南咸食其利。又请免追浅夫已给工食，请停州县协运灰车，请除派解芝、麻绒花、刋刻由单、梨板。请豁派买食盐，内黄县卤地包粮，请豁任县被水地亩，宁晋县水荒钱粮。先后得旨允行。又特请旗民杂居之地，概编保甲，以清盗源。请设四路同知，专司捕盗，盗发立禽戮之。终公之任，桴鼓不鸣，即椎埋胠箧无所容其奸，势家苍头庐儿皆屏息，勿敢横于市。虽赵广汉、尹翁归之治，京兆无以过也。又收案恶徒刘平成、旗恶沈颠、宦官张进升、大盗司九、张破楼子等若干人，置重典，豪猾胆落。

丁卯四月，上谕：“谕吏部，国家设官分职，原以绥靖地方，惠养黎庶，督抚为封疆大臣，表率属员，尤须才守兼优，方于吏治，民主有裨。直隶巡抚于成龙，自为县令，以至郡守，素秉清操，爱民尽职。遂自臬司超擢巡抚。简任以来，孤介自持，清廉益著，厘奸剔弊，扶弱锄强。境内宁谧，旗民允服。殊为可嘉，特加太子少保，以为廉能称职者劝。”十月，驾幸霸州，公迎谒行在，赐坐、赐食、赐御乘良马、及黄鞍鞯、黄辔，白金千两。谕以惜身报国，皆异数也。戊辰，赐御服、貂裘。己巳，南巡视河，公以巡抚扈从，班都察院之次，赐团龙御衣二袭。回銮后，值畿辅岁侵，发帑账济，公遴守道刘殿衡、清苑令邵嗣尧、三河令彭鹏司其事，预传示饥民，勿离其家，官按尺籍携帑金，分路诣给。饥民免颠踣道路之苦，全活亡算。庚午，内擢都察院左都御史，寻兼镶红旗汉军都统，以御史大夫兼固山额真，前未之有也。公在台不事弹劾，博大宽怀，而人自敬惮之。

家素清贫，虽洊历至大官，不能营居室。上知之，特赐甲第一区，公始得迎父母同居，朝夕定省。人谓上之曲体劳臣下之洁廉奉公，盖两得之。壬申冬，总督河道缺，上难其人，改公兵部尚书兼都察院右都御史，出总河道。癸酉，君莅官亲阅两河，相其缓急，首帮高堰，宽五丈许。堤既固则周桥不开，裴家场水□如驰，复于清口出水之处加筑大墩，逼洪泽湖水什八敌黄，什二入河济运。历三年所淮杨奠安，民获耕稼。乙亥，以外艰归庐于墓侧，绝意仕进。

明年，噶尔丹寇外藩蒙古部落，上亲征。诏起公田间，以左都御史总统督运中路大兵粮饷，军兴重任，莫过于此。故特以属公。且谕内外文武官员，听其调遣。又奉六部，不得掣肘之旨。公慨然曰：“人臣竭智抒忠，正在今日。”合计米车六千馀辆，辆须牵挽马骡四，计无所出，乃请命令大小臣工，洎士庶输助予之。叙录旬日，不烦购买而足以。三月二十日发京师，车分二十七运。运有队伍守卫相助，行驻以时，赏罚有令，井井如也。次和儿拨昂吉兔，沙碛广至四百馀里，车不得行。公下令军中能伐道左柳枝□□沙佃路者，奏请叙录令，己下马自持利便，为士卒先。众皆意奋，不数日而路成，车马如行康庄。头纲达御营，才五十九日，后纲脚尾已至拖岭。适西路大军粮绝，大将军费扬古飞章告急，有旨令公速拨运，以济西路，士饱马腾。六月，上班师，诏以馀米贮查汉那罗及魁苏以需，后命其冬驾复出西塞，公司邮递。丁丑春，驾幸宁夏，命公扈从。公先驰入宁夏三日，迎驾于河口。上抚公肩，密谕良久也，人莫得闻。寻以公为总督粮，北进至船站。奉命验赏蒙古官兵，带甲数十万，鱼贯而前，照耀川谷，军容之盛，古未有也。

公帅众长驱至郭多里巴尔合孙，适大将军移久粮运勿前，公遂于斯筑城，率众防护亩。屯三月已，而大将军捷至，逆渠授首，大军振旅而还。七月，抵郭多里、巴尔哈孙，粮无匮乏。公同诸臣回京，上劳之曰：“卿辈劳苦，得成大功。”引额鲁特为将军丹吉喇，示之曰：“此总统大兵粮饷于都御史也。”叙功授拜他喇布勒哈番世袭。戊寅二月，命公以总督兵部尚书兼右都御史管直隶巡抚。公去上谷，至是已九载矣，凡公所措置，废弛略尽。畿内士民闻公至，相与歌舞于道，豪右咋指，相戒勿以身试法。四月莅官，以浑河泛滥，命改河道，于固安县北，直达湖淀，自天津入海。仍发帑金三十万，公奔驰胼胝，不一月而告成。赐公东珠凉帽、御书绫扇。又谕公：赞皇积寇，当何以治之？公请帅师亲剿。上曰：“不可。当先抚之，如不就，剿之未晚。”公故遣官往谕祸福，贼渠十八人遂出降。其冬，河督又缺，上复以命公。而公已病，不敢控辞。十二月之任，领黄淮两河，敝坏已极，拦黄坝筑而河底日高，周桥闸开而下河成壑，公仰天而叹，无所措手。己卯春，上再往视河，讶公赢瘦，赐药及御书“澄清方岳”匾，御制诗一幅，御书“乐休祉”，御书堂联。送驾后，力疾河务，不敢自睱逆，食少事多，病以增剧。十月，上诏公长子永裕问病状，命驰往省视以闻。适公疏至，请暂休沐两月。天使存问，御医赉禁中良药驰驿往。永裕归复命，上慰问备至，赐高丽人参一觔、辽参二觔，命永裕赉往视疾，公方假归济宁，力疾考阅将领。二月归淮上，病益剧。二十三日，呼永裕曰：“病入膏，非药饵可愈，两河重大，断难卧理，亟缮疏，请告求别简贤能大臣，勿误国事，以重予罪。”明日，趋具表谢，顾永裕曰：“吾受（空一格）恩深重，今惟三事抱憾：河工未成，一也；汝祖母年八十，侍养不终，二也；祖墓未筑，三也。”馀无可言。以二十七日终于淮署。讣闻，上轸悼。奉“有才品优，长服官勤，慎宣力有年，历著成效”之旨，赐恤有加，谥曰襄勤。

公刚方正直，豁达无城府，持躬廉慎。非其义识□不为有德，于己虽久远，不忘报一揖之旧，见其后人困穷，必曰此吾故人子也，周恤之过于所望。公入为御史大夫，余适为中丞，每接公，言论丰采，以为蹇蹇匪躬，有大臣之节，而公与余亦有知己之言。虽退无私交而以公义相取，有古风焉。故于永裕之请，谨按状叙述梗概，以告惇史。

元配李，皇赠一品夫人，继配周，诰封一品夫人。内治相望，公为巡抚，驭吏严正，务在激扬，夫人从容请间曰：“事苟不干国法，宜以宽济也。君昔为小吏，今为大臣，若激扬过严，下将不堪，尚其念之。”其贤明知大体多类此。公生于崇德三年七月初五日，卒于康熙三十九年二月二十七日，年六十有三。周夫人生于顺治三年七月二十七日，后公月馀，以四月十三日，得年五十有五。其年八月二十四日，合葬于西山杨家庄西，赐阡。子六人：永祯早卒；次永裕，世袭三等阿达哈哈番，军功加三级，永世，荫生；永禧、永禄、永福。女二：长适长垣县县丞董廷佐；次适荫生张瓒。爰系之铭曰：

卓荦于公，国之宝臣。天生伟人，嫓周甫申。如彼乔岳，千仞嶙峋。如彼巨海，孰测其津。圭璋特达，庭列九宾。不介而孚，孚于帝宸。拔自群寮，为人司命。遂建节楼，抚我郊甸。鼎铸神奸，不若潜遁。魑魅腾逊，其走踆踆。枹鼓稀鸣，矫虔用悛。犬卧生氂，桑麻蓁蓁。爰简行河，沸郁孔殷。胼胝手足，隤竹负薪。北鄙陆梁，以劳至尊。六师顺动，捷如鬼神。公实总统，以饷大军。万车沙碛，如雷隐辚。逾狼居胥，瀚海之滨。扫穴犁庭，克集大勋。庙略指援，秘不得闻。入赞帷幄，出属櫜鞬。关中萧何，河内寇恂。饮至明光，宠贲便藩。细侯重来，甘棠之阴。猰貐磨牙，如犊服驯。再管河渠，赍志未信。公志伊何，唯君与亲。殁而犹视，丹心不泯。纶綍煌煌，易名襄勤。冢象祁运，大鸟墓门。我作铭诗，载之贞珉。大书深刻，垂千万春。（石景山区杨庄出土，现存田义墓）