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Esztergom County (Latin: comitatus Stringoniensis, Hungarian: Esztergom (vár)megye, Slovak: Ostrihomský komitát / Ostrihomská stolica / Ostrihomská župa, German: Graner Gespanschaft / Komitat Gran) was an administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary in present-day southern Slovakia and northern Hungary on both sides of the Danube river.
Esztergom County shared borders with the counties Bars (Slovak: Tekov), Hont, Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun and Komárom (Komárno). Its territory comprised a 15 km strip to the west of the lower part of the Hron river and continued some 10 km south of the Danube river. Its area was 1077 km² around 1910.
The capital of the county was the Esztergom Castle and the town of Esztergom, then from 1543 onwards – when the territory became part of the Ottoman Empire – the capital was outside the county (e. g. 1605–1663 in Érsekújvár), and finally from 1714 onwards the capital was the town of Esztergom.
A predecessor of the county existed as early as in the 9th century, when Esztergom (called Ostrihom at that time) was one of the most important castles of Great Moravia. The Esztergom county as a comitatus arose at the end of the 10th century as one of the first comitatus of the Kingdom of Hungary. The county had a special status in that since 1270 its heads were at the same time the archbishops of Esztergom.
In the aftermath of World War I, the part of Esztergom county north of the Danube became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia, as recognized by the concerned states in the 1920 Treaty of Trianon. The southern part remained in Hungary and merged with the southern part of Komárom county to form Komárom-Esztergom county.
Following the provisions of the controversial First Vienna Award, the Czechoslovak part came under Hungarian control in November 1938. The old Esztergom county was recreated. After World War II, the Trianon borders were reestablished. In 1950, the name of the Hungarian part became Komárom county. This county was renamed to Komárom-Esztergom county in 1990. The part of the county north of the river Danube is now in Slovakia and is part of the Nitra region.
In 1900, the county had a population of 87,651 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:
Hungarian: 69,429 (79,2%)
German: 9,995 (11,4%)
Slovak: 7,491 (8,6%)
Croatian: 61 (0,1%)
Serbian: 15 (0,0%)
Romanian: 7 (0,0%)
Ruthenian: 1 (0,0%)
Other or unknown: 652 (0,7%)
According to the census of 1900, the county was composed of the following religious communities:
Roman Catholic: 74,017 (84,4%)
Calvinist: 9,829 (11,2%)
Jewish: 2,974 (3,4%)
Lutheran: 733 (0,8%)
Greek Catholic: 54 (0,1%)
Greek Orthodox: 33 (0,1%)
Unitarian: 6 (0,0%)
Other or unknown: 5 (0,0%)
In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Esztergom county were: Districts (járás) Capital Esztergom Esztergom Párkány Párkány (Slovak: Parkan (current Štúrovo) or Muzsla (Slovak: Mužla) Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város) Esztergom
Štúrovo and Mužla are now in Slovakia. see Okres Nové Zámky
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