T2 (mtDNA)

The purpose of this project is to document the maternal lineage of all people with the HVR mutations 11812, 14233, 16153, 16296, and 16304. These markers define the mtDNA haplogroup currently designated T2, a subgroup of Haplogroup T.

Defining Mutations

• Coding mutations 11812, 14233
• HVR mutation 16296

Origin

Haplogroup T has an estimated age of about 10,000 to 12,000 years. In his popular book The Seven Daughters of Eve, Bryan Sykes named the originator of this mtDNA haplogroup Tara.

Distribution

Haplogroup T is found in approximately 10% of native Europeans, & with high concentrations around the eastern Baltic Sea.

The geographic distribution within subclade T2 varies greatly with the ratio of subhaplogroup T2e to T2b reported to vary 40-fold across examined populations from a low in Britain and Ireland, to a high in Saudi Arabia (Bedford 2012). Within subhaplogroup T2e, a very rare motif is identified among Sephardic Jews of Turkey and Bulgaria and suspected conversos from the New World (Bedford 2012). Found in Svan population from Caucasus(Georgia) T* 10,4% and T1 4,2% http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_T_(mtDNA)

Subclades of T

• T (mtDNA)
  • T2 (mtDNA)

Famous Members

• Jesse James (1847-1882), American Outlaw
• Nicholas II (1868-1918), last Russian Tsar

The last Russian Tsar, Nicholas II, has been shown to be of Haplogroup T, specifically subclade T2.This was established when genetic testing was done on his remains to authenticate his identity. Assuming all relevant pedigrees are correct, this includes all female-line descendants of his female line ancestor Barbara of Celje (1390-1451), wife of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor. This includes a great number of European nobles, including George I of Great Britain and Frederick William I of Prussia (through the Electress Sophia of Hanover), Charles I of England, George III of the United Kingdom, George V of the United Kingdom, Charles X Gustav of Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, Olav V of Norway, and George I of Greece. Many European royals have been found to be of this mtDNA Haplogroup, in addition to Haplogroup H (mtDNA).

How to Participate

To participate in this project, join or follow the project, add your oldest known ancestor who belonged to this haplogroup. The profile must be set to public in order to add it.

Resources

• Ancient Eurasian DNA
• DNA Haplogroups, mtDNA Phylogenetic Tree - Haplogroup T
• Eupedia, Haplogroup J & T (mtDNA)
• Wikipedia, Haplogroup T (mtDNA)