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English Scottish Irish French Walloon Breton Dutch Flemish German Czech Slovak Croatian Italian (Veneto); Spanish (Martín): from a personal name derived from Latin Martinus itself a derivative of Mars genitive Martis the Roman god of fertility and war whose name may derive ultimately from a root mar ‘gleam’. This was borne by a famous 4th-century Christian saint Martin of Tours and consequently became extremely popular throughout Europe in the Middle Ages. In North America the surname Martin has absorbed cognates and derivatives from other languages e.g. Slovak and Rusyn (from Slovakia) Marcin Albanian Martini Polish surnames beginning with Marcin- and Slovenian patronymics like Martinčič (see Martincic ). Martin is the most frequent surname in France and one of the most frequent surnames in Wallonia. English: variant of Marton . Irish: Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Mártain ‘descendant of Martin’ (compare 1 above). Otherwise a shortened form of Gilmartin or McMartin ; sometimes also spelled Martyn.
Source: Dictionary of American Family Names 2nd edition, 2022