For people who have tested and are assigned the maternal haplogroup U2c or who are believed to have had that maternal haplogroup based on descendants tested.

Defining Mutations

• (to be added)

Origin

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Distribution

Haplogroup U2 is most common in South Asia[10] but is also found in low frequency in Central and West Asia, as well as in Europe as U2e (the Western Eurasian variety of U2 is named U2e).[11] The overall frequency of U2 in South Asia is largely accounted for by the group U2i in India whereas haplogroup U2e, common in Europe, is entirely absent; given that these lineages diverged approximately 50,000-years-ago, these data have been interpreted as indicating very low maternal-line gene-flow between South Asia and Europe throughout this period.[10] Approximately one half of the U mtDNAs in India belong to the Indian-specific branches of haplogroup U2 (U2i: U2a, U2b and U2c).[10] While U2 is typically found in India, it is also present in the Nogais peoples, descendants of various Mongolic and Turkic tribes, who formed the Nogai Horde.[12] Both U2 and U4 are found in the Kets and Nganasans, the indigenous inhabitants of the Yenisey River Basin and the Taimyr Peninsula.[13]

The U2 subclades are: U2a,[14] U2b,[15] U2c,[16] U2d,[17] and U2e.[18] With the India-specific subclades U2a, U2b, and U2c collectively referred to as U2i, the Eurasian haplogroup U2d appears to be a sister clade with the Indian haplogroup U2c,[19] while U2e is considered a Western Eurasian-specific subclade.[11]

Haplogroup U2 has been found in the remains of a 30,000-year-old hunter-gatherer from the Kostyonki, Voronezh Oblast in Central-South European Russia.,[20] in 4,800 to 4,000-year-old human remains from a Late Neolithic Bell-Beaker site in Kromsdorf Germany,[21] and in 2,000-year-old human remains from Bøgebjerggård in Southern Denmark. However, haplogroup U2 is rare in present day Scandinavians.[22] The remains of a 2,000-year-old West Eurasian male of haplogroup U2e1 was found in the Xiongnu Cemetery of Northeast Mongolia.[23]
Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_U_(mtDNA)]

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How to Participate

To participate in this project, join or follow the project, add your oldest known ancestor who belonged to this haplogroup. The profile must be set to public in order to add it.

Resources

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_U_(mtDNA)

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• mtDNA Haplogroups Master project