Ukrainian Economic Academy in Poděbrady

The Ukrainian Economic Academy in Poděbrady

From the book Scholars in Exile

   Nadia Zavorotna

https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487538705-006
Chapter ThreeThe Ukrainian Economic Academy in PoděbradyEstablishmentThe founding of the Ukrainian Economic Academy in Czechoslovakia was initiated by the Ukrainian Civic Committee. As noted, the commit-tee played an important role in distributing financial assistance from the Czechoslovak government to Ukrainians. Using its contacts in govern-ment circles, the committee – led by Shapoval – was vital in establishing the institution as well as providing financial and logistical support in the initial stages of its development. Overall, this committee was instru-mental in the life of the Ukrainian émigré community in Czechoslovakia in the 1920s. Besides founding the academy, the committee established several other important institutions, namely the Ukrainian Higher Peda-gogical Institute, the Ukrainian secondary education evaluation courses (matura), the secondary education evaluation courses in Josefov, the Ukrainian Sociological Institute (Ukrains’kyi instytut hromadoznavstva, 1925–32), the Ukrainian Civic Publishing Fund (Ukrains’kyi hro-mads’kyi vydavnychyi fond), and the Ukrainian National Museum and Archive, as well as several other professional courses. An important role in the creation of the academy was also played by the All-Ukrainian Union of Agricultural Technicians (Vseukrains’ka spilka sil’s’ko-hospodars’kykh tekhnikiv), which was based in Poland at the time; members of this group were invited to Czechoslovakia to teach in the future institution and created the curriculum. The Czechoslovak govern-ment provided generous – indeed, crucial – support to the academy.1The academy’s organizing committee was formed in January 1922 with the goal of helping Ukrainian scholars in the Ukrainian lands and abroad. It also aimed to prepare young Ukrainian intellectuals to enter the technical and economic sectors. The committee mem-bers included Shapoval, writer and pedagogue Nykyfir Hryhoryiv (1883–1953), doctor of medicine Borys Matiushenko, economist and
54Scholars in Exilesociologist Oleksander Mytsiuk (1883–1943), arboriculturist Mykola Kotsiura, economist Borys Martos, civic and political leader Solomon Gol’del’man (1885–1974), pedagogue Ivan Palyvoda (1885–1985), and Mykola Halahan (1882–1955), who was named secretary. The commit-tee engaged in correspondence with the council of the union in Po-land, whose members received with enthusiasm the idea of creating the academy and were eager to take part in it. The union included, for example, the expert hydrotechnologist Ivan Shovheniv (1874–1943) and engineer Oleksander Mykhailovs’kyi (1882–1932).2 For its part, the Czechoslovak government received the idea of a private Ukrainian eco-nomic institution positively, although some Czechs as well as Ukrain-ians were opposed to it. Their argument was that the Ukrainians did not have enough qualified people to teach at such an institution. Czech professors from the Higher Agronomic and Forestry School (Vyšší ag-ronomická a lesnická škola) in Prague proposed establishing separate Ukrainian departments within the Czech Higher Technical University in Prague (České vysoké učení technické), which would teach in areas relevant to the Ukrainian economy. After various issues were resolved, initial opposition was overcome; the initiative to establish an independ-ent Ukrainian technical school gained the government’s support, and on 25 February 1922, Masaryk warmly received the delegation.3Several cities and towns across Czechoslovakia were considered for the location of the future academy: Chrudim in eastern Bohemia, Tá-bor in southern Bohemia, and Roudnice (now Roudnice nad Labem) in the north, as well as Brno, the capital of Moravia. Brno was especially seriously discussed, as the idea was to establish the academy within the Higher Agronomic School in Brno (Vysoká škola zemědělská v Brně). However, the time was ripe for the opening of the academy, and any delay threatened to void the undertaking altogether. So the committee acted quickly and decided to temporarily open the academy in Poděbrady, a spa town near Prague, and later transfer it to Brno.4The civic committee developed a statute for the institution. In April, it had received confirmation from the Ministry of Agriculture that the submitted statute would be approved, thus enabling the activities to start immediately. The first joint meeting of the professors, who were appointed by the organizing committee, had taken place earlier, on 28 April 1922. The agriculture ministry approved the institution and signed the decree that established the private Ukrainian Economic Academy in Czechoslovakia on 16 May 1922. However, disagreements arose quickly regarding how to interpret certain rights and obliga-tions, and this led to issues between the committee and the academy’s faculty council. The institution was granted independent status by the foreign ministry on 28 August 1923; from that point on it dealt with the
The Ukrainian Economic Academy in Poděbrady55government directly, without the committee as mediator. On 23 May 1925, a new statute was enacted that transformed the academy into an institution of higher learning with a four-year program, and with Ukrainian and Czech as the languages of instruction.5GoalsThe aim of the academy was to prepare students to participate in the future economic development of an independent Ukraine by educating them in various technical fields. It also intended to gather Ukrainian scholars in those fields, thereby creating a centre of Ukrainian scholar-ship.This technical academy would train agronomists, forestry special-ists, statisticians, technologists, economists, and others. Moreover, the academy sought to create not only highly skilled professionals but also well-rounded and competent individuals. The founding of the acad-emy in Czechoslovakia – a country with a developed economic cul-ture – was a sterling opportunity for Ukrainians to learn from the best practices of the Czech economy. This was extremely important for the academy’s development and success.6Besides preparing a new generation of professionals in a variety of fields, the academy took on an additional mission – to develop tech-nical and economic fields theoretically and create a new professional literature in Ukrainian. At that time, science textbooks in the Ukrai-nian language were almost non-existent. Future students would re-quire them, so the production of textbooks in various technical fields was an extremely important task for the professors. For lecturers, creat-ing textbooks in their fields was a prerequisite for promotion, with the result that many textbooks were written in a variety of fields during the school’s first year of operation alone. Terminology presented a consid-erable challenge and would need to be established. To that end, termi-nological committees were created in every department, after which a single common committee was struck, led by renowned civic leader and philanthropist Ievhen Chykalenko (1861–1929). This committee in-cluded Ukrainian-language experts Valeria O’Konnor-Vilins’ka (1866–1930) and Modest Levyts’kyi (1866–1932).7While visiting Poděbrady on 9 May 1923, President Masaryk visited the academy, where he was warmly welcomed by the teaching staff and students. It was an opportunity for the academy to show the pres-ident its efforts and achievements and to express profound gratitude to the Czechoslovak government for its support. In his brief speech, Masaryk expressed satisfaction that the government had been able to implement Slavic programs and help support the undertakings of Slavic nations.8
56Scholars in ExileStructure and Study ProgramFrom 1922 until 1928, regarding the organization of its programs of study, the academy was subordinate to the Education Department of the Ministry of Agriculture. At the same time, it reported to the for-eign ministry on all administrative and organizational matters, and that ministry also provided financial assistance and scholarships to underprivileged students. After 1928, the academy reported only to the agriculture ministry, which also approved decrees regarding the professional development training certification of the teaching staff as well as elections for administrative positions. However, the academy enjoyed a high degree of autonomy in its academic affairs and admin-istration. Its management was built on democratic principles; the high-est governing body was the council of professors, with faculty affairs falling under the professorial councils of the academy’s three depart-ments. As the executive body, the senate oversaw administrative and economic matters; it consisted of the rector, the vice-rector, three deans, and the secretary of the professorial council. The academy applied the best practices of the Czechoslovak technical schools, while tailoring its curriculum to the needs of Ukrainian lands. This institution, like other Ukrainian institutions of higher learning in Czechoslovakia, always hoped its students would to return home. Thus, the academy’s depart-ments were created with an eye to the economic and technical needs of various Ukrainian lands, for which it prepared its graduates.9The academy had three departments: Agriculture and Forestry, Eco-nomics and Cooperative (which included a statistics section), and Engi-neering, composed of the hydro-technical and chemical-technological sections. Overall, there were fifty-nine subdivisions: nineteen in the Department of Agriculture and Forestry, twenty in the Department of Economics and Cooperatives, and twenty in the Department of Engi-neering. Table 11 provides information about these departments and their offices (kabinet) and laboratories.Supplementary units at the academy included a terminology commit-tee, a forestry nursery, a meteorological station, a tractor garage, a train-ing consumer cooperative, and a training credit cooperative. In addition to seminars in various subjects, the academy offered special classes (lek-tury) in foreign languages, among other additional classes. The duration of the program was four academic years, divided into eight semesters. Students who finished the entire program and who passed their exams received the title of engineer, with their area of expertise specified: econ-omist, forester, agronomist, technologist, or hydraulic engineer. In addi-tion, students had the option of continuing their studies and receiving a
The Ukrainian Economic Academy in Poděbrady57Offices (kabinety)Botany and BacteriologyMeteorologyConstructionMechanical Wood TechnologyApplication of HydropowerLocal Self-GovernmentGeodesy Public-Sector HusbandryGeology and MineralogyForest Preservation and HuntingHydraulic EngineeringPrivate-Sector HusbandryGraphostaticsBookkeepingEntomology and ZoologyStatisticsBreeding – General and Specialized Agricultural Economy and StatisticsDraftsmanshipAgricultural Engineering CooperationScience of CommoditiesForestry Estimation PhysicsForestry Exploitation Animal Physiology and AnatomyForest Disposition Physical ChemistryForestry and Dendrology – General and Specialized Chemical TechnologyEngineeringHusbandry – General and SpecializedMeliorationLaboratoriesPedologyFermentation Chemical EngineeringAgrochemistry Technical and Chemical AnalysisAnalytical Chemistry (Qualitative Analysis)Leather ProcessingAnalytical Chemistry (Quantitative Analysis)Organic ChemistryChemical Preparation Physics and Electrical EngineeringTechnical MycologyDairy ProductionSugar Production Geology

Украї́нська господа́рська акаде́мія (УГА) — украинская высшая техническая школа в Подебрадах (Чехословакия), основана в 1922 году Украинским народным комитетом в Чехословакии, в Праге, во главе с Н. Шаповалом при финансовой помощи министерства иностранных дел Чехословакии.

Начальный устав УГА с трёхлетним планом обучения, утверждённый 16.05.1922 министерством земледелия в Чехословацкой республике, 23.05.1925 был изменен профессорским Советом УГА. Согласно новому уставу, Академия дальше существовала как высокая школа с четырёхлетним планом обучения в составе трёх факультетов:

агро-лесного (отделы — агрономический и лесной);
инженерного (отделы — химико-технологический и гидротехнический)
экономико-кооперативный (отделы — экономический с многочисленными подотделами, кооперативный и статистический).
По окончании академии выпускники получали звание инженера. Всего было принято в УГА 786 студентов (в 1926-27 гг. — 613), из которых закончило обучение со званием инженера 569 человек (большинство из них позже работало по своей специальности на западных украинских землях): агрономов — 125, лесников — 92, химиков-технологов — 58, гидротехников и экономистов-кооператоров — 167; в 1926-27 гг большинство из них имело стипендии от чехословацкого правительства. Кроме украинских (до 1926-27 гг. почти исключительно из украинской эмиграции), училось в УГА небольшое количество студентов других национальностей, главным образом белорусов. Студенты были организованы в Украинской академической общине и Общине студентов УГА.

Своей организацией УГА полностью соответствовала чешским высоким школам этого типа с той разницей, что кроме профессиональных предметов были введены также украиноведческие науки. При УГА действовал ряд учреждений: фундаментальная библиотека (30 000 томов рофессиональной литературы), 33 кабинета, 14 лабораторий, ряд ферм, лесной питомник, метеорологическая станция и два учебных кооператива. Большинство из этих учреждений находилось в старинном замке чешского короля Юрия Подебрадского (1420-71). В течение первых десяти лет в УГА работали 118 педагогов (92 украинских и 26 чехов). Многие из профессоров были выдающимися учёными, среди них:

агрономы В. Доманицкий, В. Чередиев, лесник Б. Иваницкий;
экономисты — А. Мицюк, В. Садовский, В. Тимошенко; кооператоры — С. Бородаевский, Б. Мартос, статистик — Ф. Щербина;
юристы — Л. Быч, С. Днистрянский, О. Эйхельман, социолог О.-И. Бочковский, Виктор Сапицкий.
техники-химики — Н. Викул, С. Комарецкий, Е. Голицынский;
геодезисты Л. Грабина, Л. Флоров и др..
Шиянов Григорий — юрист и общественный деятель, директор канцелярии Украинской хозяйственной академии в Подебрадах, в которой преподавал право.
Доцентом академии был экономист Спиридон Никитович Довгаль, подполковник армии УНР, позже глава правительства УНР в изгнании (1954, 1969-72), председатель Украинского Национального Совета (1966-67, 1972-75).

УГА и её профессура участвовали в международной научной жизни (конгрессы, публикации и т. д.). Немало было научно-издательской деятельности авторства УГА и её профессуры. За время существования УГА они опубликовали 698 научных публикаций, в том числе 229 книг (преимущественно учебники для студентов), в том числе ряд первых технических справочников для высших школ на украинском языке (только 37 выпущено в свет, другие преимущественно литографическим способом). Большое значение имело развитие украинской технической номенклатуры (среди прочего лесническая терминологическая комиссия издала немецко-украинский «Лесотехнический словарь»). При УГА на протяжении её существования действовало 50 организаций, среди них 9 научно-профессиональных и профессиональных. Ректорами УГА были: Иван Шовгениев (1922—1925 и 1926—1927), Борис Иваницкий (1925—1926 и 1928—1935), Сергей Тимошенко (1927—1928). УГА содержало правительство Чехословакии (бюджет на 1927 — 2,8 млн чехословацких крон, на 1931 г. — 1,6 млн.), а подчинялась она двум чехословацким министерствам: министерству земледелия (касательно обучения) и до 1928 Министерству иностранных дел (касательно административно-хозяйственных дел). Дотации от чешских властей для УГА (как и для Украинского свободного университета), постепенно уменьшались, а в 1928 Министерство земледелия запретило принимать новых слушателей и приказало осуществить постепенную ликвидацию УГА, которая была закончена в 1935. Для спасения УГА в 1931 г. в Праге было создано Общество сторонников УГА (председатель — профессор Б. Матюшенко), но когда оказалось, что оно не может собрать необходимые фонды, общество направило свою энергию на заочный Технико-Хозяйственный институт при УГА , основанный еще 1932. Он в своей основе сохранял структуру и программу Академии, но вместо аудиторного перешел на заочное обучение. Его владельцем стала Союз профессоров УГА со вспомогательным опекуном — Обществом сторонников УГА.

См. также

Ukrainian Economic Academy in Poděbrady

The Ukrainian Economic Academy in Poděbrady - From the book Scholars in Exile-  Nadia Zavorotna

https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487538705-006
Chapter ThreeThe Ukrainian Economic Academy in PoděbradyEstablishmentThe founding of the Ukrainian Economic Academy in Czechoslovakia was initiated by the Ukrainian Civic Committee. As noted, the commit-tee played an important role in distributing financial assistance from the Czechoslovak government to Ukrainians. Using its contacts in govern-ment circles, the committee – led by Shapoval – was vital in establishing the institution as well as providing financial and logistical support in the initial stages of its development. Overall, this committee was instru-mental in the life of the Ukrainian émigré community in Czechoslovakia in the 1920s. Besides founding the academy, the committee established several other important institutions, namely the Ukrainian Higher Peda-gogical Institute, the Ukrainian secondary education evaluation courses (matura), the secondary education evaluation courses in Josefov, the Ukrainian Sociological Institute (Ukrains’kyi instytut hromadoznavstva, 1925–32), the Ukrainian Civic Publishing Fund (Ukrains’kyi hro-mads’kyi vydavnychyi fond), and the Ukrainian National Museum and Archive, as well as several other professional courses. An important role in the creation of the academy was also played by the All-Ukrainian Union of Agricultural Technicians (Vseukrains’ka spilka sil’s’ko-hospodars’kykh tekhnikiv), which was based in Poland at the time; members of this group were invited to Czechoslovakia to teach in the future institution and created the curriculum. The Czechoslovak govern-ment provided generous – indeed, crucial – support to the academy.1The academy’s organizing committee was formed in January 1922 with the goal of helping Ukrainian scholars in the Ukrainian lands and abroad. It also aimed to prepare young Ukrainian intellectuals to enter the technical and economic sectors. The committee mem-bers included Shapoval, writer and pedagogue Nykyfir Hryhoryiv (1883–1953), doctor of medicine Borys Matiushenko, economist and
54Scholars in Exilesociologist Oleksander Mytsiuk (1883–1943), arboriculturist Mykola Kotsiura, economist Borys Martos, civic and political leader Solomon Gol’del’man (1885–1974), pedagogue Ivan Palyvoda (1885–1985), and Mykola Halahan (1882–1955), who was named secretary. The commit-tee engaged in correspondence with the council of the union in Po-land, whose members received with enthusiasm the idea of creating the academy and were eager to take part in it. The union included, for example, the expert hydrotechnologist Ivan Shovheniv (1874–1943) and engineer Oleksander Mykhailovs’kyi (1882–1932).2 For its part, the Czechoslovak government received the idea of a private Ukrainian eco-nomic institution positively, although some Czechs as well as Ukrain-ians were opposed to it. Their argument was that the Ukrainians did not have enough qualified people to teach at such an institution. Czech professors from the Higher Agronomic and Forestry School (Vyšší ag-ronomická a lesnická škola) in Prague proposed establishing separate Ukrainian departments within the Czech Higher Technical University in Prague (České vysoké učení technické), which would teach in areas relevant to the Ukrainian economy. After various issues were resolved, initial opposition was overcome; the initiative to establish an independ-ent Ukrainian technical school gained the government’s support, and on 25 February 1922, Masaryk warmly received the delegation.3Several cities and towns across Czechoslovakia were considered for the location of the future academy: Chrudim in eastern Bohemia, Tá-bor in southern Bohemia, and Roudnice (now Roudnice nad Labem) in the north, as well as Brno, the capital of Moravia. Brno was especially seriously discussed, as the idea was to establish the academy within the Higher Agronomic School in Brno (Vysoká škola zemědělská v Brně). However, the time was ripe for the opening of the academy, and any delay threatened to void the undertaking altogether. So the committee acted quickly and decided to temporarily open the academy in Poděbrady, a spa town near Prague, and later transfer it to Brno.4The civic committee developed a statute for the institution. In April, it had received confirmation from the Ministry of Agriculture that the submitted statute would be approved, thus enabling the activities to start immediately. The first joint meeting of the professors, who were appointed by the organizing committee, had taken place earlier, on 28 April 1922. The agriculture ministry approved the institution and signed the decree that established the private Ukrainian Economic Academy in Czechoslovakia on 16 May 1922. However, disagreements arose quickly regarding how to interpret certain rights and obliga-tions, and this led to issues between the committee and the academy’s faculty council. The institution was granted independent status by the foreign ministry on 28 August 1923; from that point on it dealt with the
The Ukrainian Economic Academy in Poděbrady55government directly, without the committee as mediator. On 23 May 1925, a new statute was enacted that transformed the academy into an institution of higher learning with a four-year program, and with Ukrainian and Czech as the languages of instruction.5GoalsThe aim of the academy was to prepare students to participate in the future economic development of an independent Ukraine by educating them in various technical fields. It also intended to gather Ukrainian scholars in those fields, thereby creating a centre of Ukrainian scholar-ship.This technical academy would train agronomists, forestry special-ists, statisticians, technologists, economists, and others. Moreover, the academy sought to create not only highly skilled professionals but also well-rounded and competent individuals. The founding of the acad-emy in Czechoslovakia – a country with a developed economic cul-ture – was a sterling opportunity for Ukrainians to learn from the best practices of the Czech economy. This was extremely important for the academy’s development and success.6Besides preparing a new generation of professionals in a variety of fields, the academy took on an additional mission – to develop tech-nical and economic fields theoretically and create a new professional literature in Ukrainian. At that time, science textbooks in the Ukrai-nian language were almost non-existent. Future students would re-quire them, so the production of textbooks in various technical fields was an extremely important task for the professors. For lecturers, creat-ing textbooks in their fields was a prerequisite for promotion, with the result that many textbooks were written in a variety of fields during the school’s first year of operation alone. Terminology presented a consid-erable challenge and would need to be established. To that end, termi-nological committees were created in every department, after which a single common committee was struck, led by renowned civic leader and philanthropist Ievhen Chykalenko (1861–1929). This committee in-cluded Ukrainian-language experts Valeria O’Konnor-Vilins’ka (1866–1930) and Modest Levyts’kyi (1866–1932).7While visiting Poděbrady on 9 May 1923, President Masaryk visited the academy, where he was warmly welcomed by the teaching staff and students. It was an opportunity for the academy to show the pres-ident its efforts and achievements and to express profound gratitude to the Czechoslovak government for its support. In his brief speech, Masaryk expressed satisfaction that the government had been able to implement Slavic programs and help support the undertakings of Slavic nations.8
56Scholars in ExileStructure and Study ProgramFrom 1922 until 1928, regarding the organization of its programs of study, the academy was subordinate to the Education Department of the Ministry of Agriculture. At the same time, it reported to the for-eign ministry on all administrative and organizational matters, and that ministry also provided financial assistance and scholarships to underprivileged students. After 1928, the academy reported only to the agriculture ministry, which also approved decrees regarding the professional development training certification of the teaching staff as well as elections for administrative positions. However, the academy enjoyed a high degree of autonomy in its academic affairs and admin-istration. Its management was built on democratic principles; the high-est governing body was the council of professors, with faculty affairs falling under the professorial councils of the academy’s three depart-ments. As the executive body, the senate oversaw administrative and economic matters; it consisted of the rector, the vice-rector, three deans, and the secretary of the professorial council. The academy applied the best practices of the Czechoslovak technical schools, while tailoring its curriculum to the needs of Ukrainian lands. This institution, like other Ukrainian institutions of higher learning in Czechoslovakia, always hoped its students would to return home. Thus, the academy’s depart-ments were created with an eye to the economic and technical needs of various Ukrainian lands, for which it prepared its graduates.9The academy had three departments: Agriculture and Forestry, Eco-nomics and Cooperative (which included a statistics section), and Engi-neering, composed of the hydro-technical and chemical-technological sections. Overall, there were fifty-nine subdivisions: nineteen in the Department of Agriculture and Forestry, twenty in the Department of Economics and Cooperatives, and twenty in the Department of Engi-neering. Table 11 provides information about these departments and their offices (kabinet) and laboratories.Supplementary units at the academy included a terminology commit-tee, a forestry nursery, a meteorological station, a tractor garage, a train-ing consumer cooperative, and a training credit cooperative. In addition to seminars in various subjects, the academy offered special classes (lek-tury) in foreign languages, among other additional classes. The duration of the program was four academic years, divided into eight semesters. Students who finished the entire program and who passed their exams received the title of engineer, with their area of expertise specified: econ-omist, forester, agronomist, technologist, or hydraulic engineer. In addi-tion, students had the option of continuing their studies and receiving a
The Ukrainian Economic Academy in Poděbrady57Offices (kabinety)Botany and BacteriologyMeteorologyConstructionMechanical Wood TechnologyApplication of HydropowerLocal Self-GovernmentGeodesy Public-Sector HusbandryGeology and MineralogyForest Preservation and HuntingHydraulic EngineeringPrivate-Sector HusbandryGraphostaticsBookkeepingEntomology and ZoologyStatisticsBreeding – General and Specialized Agricultural Economy and StatisticsDraftsmanshipAgricultural Engineering CooperationScience of CommoditiesForestry Estimation PhysicsForestry Exploitation Animal Physiology and AnatomyForest Disposition Physical ChemistryForestry and Dendrology – General and Specialized Chemical TechnologyEngineeringHusbandry – General and SpecializedMeliorationLaboratoriesPedologyFermentation Chemical EngineeringAgrochemistry Technical and Chemical AnalysisAnalytical Chemistry (Qualitative Analysis)Leather ProcessingAnalytical Chemistry (Quantitative Analysis)Organic ChemistryChemical Preparation Physics and Electrical EngineeringTechnical MycologyDairy ProductionSugar Production Geology

Украї́нська господа́рська акаде́мія (УГА) — украинская высшая техническая школа в Подебрадах (Чехословакия), основана в 1922 году Украинским народным комитетом в Чехословакии, в Праге, во главе с Н. Шаповалом при финансовой помощи министерства иностранных дел Чехословакии.

Начальный устав УГА с трёхлетним планом обучения, утверждённый 16.05.1922 министерством земледелия в Чехословацкой республике, 23.05.1925 был изменен профессорским Советом УГА. Согласно новому уставу, Академия дальше существовала как высокая школа с четырёхлетним планом обучения в составе трёх факультетов:

агро-лесного (отделы — агрономический и лесной);
инженерного (отделы — химико-технологический и гидротехнический)
экономико-кооперативный (отделы — экономический с многочисленными подотделами, кооперативный и статистический).
По окончании академии выпускники получали звание инженера. Всего было принято в УГА 786 студентов (в 1926-27 гг. — 613), из которых закончило обучение со званием инженера 569 человек (большинство из них позже работало по своей специальности на западных украинских землях): агрономов — 125, лесников — 92, химиков-технологов — 58, гидротехников и экономистов-кооператоров — 167; в 1926-27 гг большинство из них имело стипендии от чехословацкого правительства. Кроме украинских (до 1926-27 гг. почти исключительно из украинской эмиграции), училось в УГА небольшое количество студентов других национальностей, главным образом белорусов. Студенты были организованы в Украинской академической общине и Общине студентов УГА.

Своей организацией УГА полностью соответствовала чешским высоким школам этого типа с той разницей, что кроме профессиональных предметов были введены также украиноведческие науки. При УГА действовал ряд учреждений: фундаментальная библиотека (30 000 томов рофессиональной литературы), 33 кабинета, 14 лабораторий, ряд ферм, лесной питомник, метеорологическая станция и два учебных кооператива. Большинство из этих учреждений находилось в старинном замке чешского короля Юрия Подебрадского (1420-71). В течение первых десяти лет в УГА работали 118 педагогов (92 украинских и 26 чехов). Многие из профессоров были выдающимися учёными, среди них:

агрономы В. Доманицкий, В. Чередиев, лесник Б. Иваницкий;
экономисты — А. Мицюк, В. Садовский, В. Тимошенко; кооператоры — С. Бородаевский, Б. Мартос, статистик — Ф. Щербина;
юристы — Л. Быч, С. Днистрянский, О. Эйхельман, социолог О.-И. Бочковский, Виктор Сапицкий.
техники-химики — Н. Викул, С. Комарецкий, Е. Голицынский;
геодезисты Л. Грабина, Л. Флоров и др..
Шиянов Григорий — юрист и общественный деятель, директор канцелярии Украинской хозяйственной академии в Подебрадах, в которой преподавал право.
Доцентом академии был экономист Спиридон Никитович Довгаль, подполковник армии УНР, позже глава правительства УНР в изгнании (1954, 1969-72), председатель Украинского Национального Совета (1966-67, 1972-75).

УГА и её профессура участвовали в международной научной жизни (конгрессы, публикации и т. д.). Немало было научно-издательской деятельности авторства УГА и её профессуры. За время существования УГА они опубликовали 698 научных публикаций, в том числе 229 книг (преимущественно учебники для студентов), в том числе ряд первых технических справочников для высших школ на украинском языке (только 37 выпущено в свет, другие преимущественно литографическим способом). Большое значение имело развитие украинской технической номенклатуры (среди прочего лесническая терминологическая комиссия издала немецко-украинский «Лесотехнический словарь»). При УГА на протяжении её существования действовало 50 организаций, среди них 9 научно-профессиональных и профессиональных. Ректорами УГА были: Иван Шовгениев (1922—1925 и 1926—1927), Борис Иваницкий (1925—1926 и 1928—1935), Сергей Тимошенко (1927—1928). УГА содержало правительство Чехословакии (бюджет на 1927 — 2,8 млн чехословацких крон, на 1931 г. — 1,6 млн.), а подчинялась она двум чехословацким министерствам: министерству земледелия (касательно обучения) и до 1928 Министерству иностранных дел (касательно административно-хозяйственных дел). Дотации от чешских властей для УГА (как и для Украинского свободного университета), постепенно уменьшались, а в 1928 Министерство земледелия запретило принимать новых слушателей и приказало осуществить постепенную ликвидацию УГА, которая была закончена в 1935. Для спасения УГА в 1931 г. в Праге было создано Общество сторонников УГА (председатель — профессор Б. Матюшенко), но когда оказалось, что оно не может собрать необходимые фонды, общество направило свою энергию на заочный Технико-Хозяйственный институт при УГА , основанный еще 1932. Он в своей основе сохранял структуру и программу Академии, но вместо аудиторного перешел на заочное обучение. Его владельцем стала Союз профессоров УГА со вспомогательным опекуном — Обществом сторонников УГА.

См. также

Ukraińska Akademia Gospodarcza w Poděbradach – ukraińska uczelnia o profilu politechnicznym, działająca w Podiebradach w Czechosłowacji w latach 1922–1935.

Inicjatorem utworzenia Akademii był ukraiński komitet obywatelski, w którym największa rolę odgrywało Wszechukraińskie Towarzystwo Techników Rolniczych (Всеукраїнська спілка сільськогосподарських техніків), które działała w Tarnowie.

Statut Akademii został zatwierdzony przez Ministerstwo Rolnictwa Republiki Czechosłowackiej 16 maja 1922. W maju 1925 do statutu uczelni wprowadzono zmiany. Według nowego statutu była to prywatna szkoła wyższa z 4-letnim programem nauczania, uzyskiwano w niej tytuł inżyniera.

Organizacja Akademii
Uczelnia składała się z trzech fakultetów:

agronomiczno-leśny (oddziały agronomiczny i leśny – w sumie 19 katedr)
ekonomiczno-spółdzielczy (oddziały ekonomiczny, spółdzielczy, statystyczny – w sumie 20 katedr)
inżynierski (oddziały hydrotechniczny i chemiczno-technologiczny – w sumie 20 katedr)
Akademia finansowana była
Akademia finansowana była przez rząd czechosłowacki i podlegała 2 ministerstwom: Rolnictwa (nauczanie), oraz do 1928 r. – Spraw Zagranicznych (sprawy organizacyjno-administracyjne).

Akademia zatrudniała 118 wykładowców (92 Ukraińców i 26 Czechów)[1]. Przez cały okres jej funkcjonowania naukę pobierało 786 studentów, w tym studia ukończyło 559. Nauka była bezpłatna, część studentów otrzymywała stypendia[2]. Przy uczelni działała biblioteka (około 30 tysięcy tomów), 33 gabinety naukowe, 14 laboratoriów, 2 fermy, szkółka leśna i stacja meteorologiczna.

W ramach uczelni działał Ukraiński Instytut Techniczno-Gospodarski, prowadzący od 1932 studia zaoczne. Akademia prowadziła szeroką działalność naukowo-wydawniczą. UGA i jej profesorowie uczestniczyli w międzynarodowym życiu naukowym (kongresy, publikacje itp.). Działalność badawczo-wydawnicza UGA i jej profesorów była znaczna. W czasie istnienia UGA opublikowano 698 publikacji naukowych, w tym 229 książek (głównie podręczników dla studentów), w tym szereg pierwszych technicznych podręczników dla szkół wyższych w języku ukraińskim (opublikowano tylko 37, inne były w większości litograficzne). Ogromne znaczenie miał rozwój ukraińskiej nomenklatury technicznej (m.in. Komisja Terminologii Leśnej wydała niemiecko-ukraiński Słownik Leśnictwa). W czasie jego istnienia w UGA działało 50 organizacji, w tym 9 naukowo-zawodowych i profesjonalnych[3].

Kadra
Rektorzy
Iwan Szowheniw 1922–1925, 1926–1927
Borys Iwanyckyj 1925–1926, 1928–1935
Serhij Tymoszenko 1927–1928
Profesorowie
Łuka Bicz – prawo gospodarcze
Olgierd Boczkowśkyj – socjologia
Serhij Borodajewskyj – historia spółdzielczości i spółdzielczość kredytowa
Otto Ejchelman – prawo administracyjne i międzynarodowe
Borys Iwanyckyj – leśnictwo i dendrologia
Borys Martos – teoria spółdzielczości, spółdzielczość spożywcza
Ołeksandr Mycjuk – ekonomia polityczna
Fedir Szczerbyna – statystyka
Wołodymyr Starosolski – prawo państwowe
Wasyl Iwanys – technologia chemiczna
Isaak Mazepa – łąkarstwo i gleboznawstwo
Wasyl Koroliw – anatomia i fizjologia weterynaryjna
W 1928 r. Ministerstwo Rolnictwa zabroniło przyjmowania nowych studentów i poleciło przystąpić do likwidacji uczelni. W 1931 r. utworzono (z zamiarem podtrzymania działalności naukowej) Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Akademii, jednak nie udało się zebrać wystarczających funduszy, i uczelnia została ostatecznie zamknięta w 1935 r.

Zobacz też
Tajny Uniwersytet Ukraiński
Wolny Uniwersytet Ukraiński
Przypisy

„Упродовж перших десяти років УГА мала 118 педагогів (92 українці і 26 чехів).”,Українська господарська академія w: Dovidnyk z istorii Ukrainy, opr. Ihor Pidkova, Roman Shust, Kost Bondarenko; Lviv 1999, Wyd. Lvivskyi derzhavnyi universytet im. Ivana Franka i Vydavnyctvo Heneza, ISBN 978-966-504-237-2.

„За час існування навчального закладу в ньому навчалося 786 студентів (закінчило навчання 559 чол.).Навчання в УГА було безплатним, деякі студенти отримували стипендії.”, Українська господарська академія w: Dovidnyk z istorii Ukrainy, opr. Ihor Pidkova, Roman Shust, Kost Bondarenko; Lviv 1999, Wyd. Lvivskyi derzhavnyi universytet im. Ivana Franka i Vydavnyctvo Heneza, ISBN 978-966-504-237-2.

Олег Олександрович Песчаний, УКРАЇНСЬКА ГОСПОДАРСЬКА АКАДЕМІЯ В ПОДЕБРАДАХ, „Історичний архів. Наукові студії”, 0 (2), 2008, ISSN 2413-578X [dost%C4%99p 2019-11-25] (ukr.).

Bibliografia, literatura
Українська господарська академія w: Dovidnyk z istorii Ukrainy, opr. Ihor Pidkova, Roman Shust, Kost Bondarenko; Lviv 1999, Wyd. Lvivskyi derzhavnyi universytet im. Ivana Franka i Vydavnyctvo Heneza, ISBN 978-966-504-237-2.