Prince Tverskoy Mikhail Yaroslavich

Mikhail Yaroslavich (Russian: Михаил Ярославич), Michael of Tver, Michael the Saint, Prince of Tver, Grand Prince of Vladimir

• Born: 1271
• Died: November 22, 1318
• Parents: Yaroslav III Yaroslavich & Xenia Yurievna
• Spouse : Anna Dmitrievna of Rostov
• Issue:

Dmitry Mikhailovich

Fedora Mikhailovna

Aleksandr Mikhailovich

Konstantin Mikhailovich

Vasily Mikhailovich

Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_of_Tver

Mikhail Yaroslavich (Russian: Михаил Ярославич) (1271 – November 22, 1318), also known as Michael of Tver or Michael the Saint, was a Prince of Tver (from 1285) who ruled as Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1304 until 1314 and again from 1315-1318. He is counted among the saints of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Mikhail Yaroslavich was the second son of Yaroslav III (Yaroslav Yaroslavich), the younger brother of Aleksandr Nevsky) and succeeded him as Prince of Tver in 1285. His mother, Xenia was the second spouse to Yaroslav III and is known as the saint Xenia of Tarusa. Upon the death of Andrei Aleksandrovich (Aleksandr Nevsky's son and Yaroslav's nephew), Mikhail became the Grand Prince of Vladimir in 1304, as was consistent with the Rota System of collateral succession that had been practiced in Rus since the time of Yaroslav the Wise. He was confirmed in office by Tokhta, Khan of the Golden Horde.

While he seemed secure in the throne, being the legitimate heir and having been confirmed by the Khan in Sarai, Grand Prince Mikhail suffered a series of setbacks as grand prince which led to him losing the grand princely office for both himself and, in some ways, ultimately for his descendants. He was, like most Grand Princes of Vladimir, accepted as Prince of Novgorod the Great in 1309, but fought with Novgorod, going so far as to withdraw his lieutenants (namestniki) and cut off grain shipments into the city in 1312. While he was on decent terms with Tokhta Khan, and initially with his successor, Uzbeg Khan (Mikhail paid homage on Uzbeg's accession to the throne in 1313 and remained in Sarai until 1315), he eventually lost influence to Yury of Moscow, who gained influence in Novgorod while the grand prince was away in Sarai. Mikhail did manage to finally take control of the city in 1316 with Mongol aid, but the following year Uzbeg Khan gave the yarlik or patent of office of the Grand Prince of Vladimir to Yury, who also married Uzbeg's sister.

After granting Yury the iarlyk or patent of office, the Khan sent his army under the Mongol general Kavgadii to help Yuri in his struggle with Mikhail Yaroslavich. December 22, 1317 Mikhail defeated Yuri at a village called Bortenevo (40 km from Tver). Mikhail captured Yuri's wife, who was the Khan's sister. When she died in Mikhail's custody, he was blamed for her murder, although it seems unlikely that he would have killed her knowing how much it would hurt him politically for such little gain. He released Kagadii, who returned to Sarai and accused Mikhail of murdering the Khan's sister, withholding tribute, and warring against his Mongol overlord. As a result, Mikhail was summonded to the Horde by the Khan and executed on November 22, 1318.

Mikhail also alienated the Church, particularly Metropolitan Petr (r. 1308-1326). When Metropolitan Maksim died in 1305, Mikhail nominated another candidate, but Petr was consecrated by the Patriarch of Constantinople. Petr sided with Moscow and opposed Mikhail on several occasions. In 1309, he appointed David as Archbishop of Novgorod and David was instrumental in the argument that led Mikhail to withdraw his lieutenants and cut the grain supplies to the city. In 1314, Novgorod called on Yury to be named grand prince and for Mikhail to be deposed. Thus the support of the Church aided Yury to Mikhail's detriment. In spite of being unfavored by the Church in his lifetime, the Russian Orthodox Church later declared Mikhail a saint.

Family and children:

In 1294 Mikhail married to Princess Anna of Rostov, daughter of Prince Dimitry of Rostov. They had five children:

Prince Dmitry of Tver (1299-1326)

Prince Alexander of Tver (1301-1339)

Prince Konstantin of Tver (1306-1346)

Prince Vasily of Kashin (d. after 1368)

Feodora

Mikhail's sons and successors Dmitry and Alexander the Terrible Eyes were both also killed in the Horde, as was Alexander's elder son, Mikhail. Both Aleksandr Mikhailovich, and Mikhail Aleksandrovich briefly held the Grand Princely office (in 1326-1327 and 1371-1372 respectively) but Mikhail's failure to defeat Yury of Moscow, followed by Aleksandr's role (real or perceived) in the Tver Uprising of 1327, led the Tver branch to lose the favor of the Khans, and the Danilovich - the Muscovite princes, held the title for all but two years after 1317.

Mikhail's wife Anna took the veil in Kashin's nunnery and died there on October 2, 1368. She is commemorated as Anna of Kashin by the Russian Orthodox Church and was canonized in 1677.

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/RUSSIA,%20Rurik.htm

MIKHAIL Iaroslavich (posthumously 1271 after 16 Sep-executed [Sarai] 22 Nov 1318).  He succeeded his half-brother as Prince of Tver in [1282/85].  He supported Dmitry Grand Prince of Vladimir in his dispute with his brother Andrei, refusing to visit Sarai to renew his allegiance to the Mongol overlords.  He nevertheless obtained Mongol support to succeed his cousin Andrei in 1304 as MIKHAIL Grand Prince of Vladimir.  His succession was opposed by his cousin Iurii Daniilovich Prince of Moscow, against whom Mikhail fought two military campaigns in 1305 and 1308.  Mikhail clashed with the Orthodox church when the patriarch of Constantinople installed his own nominee as head of the Russian church, sidelining Mikhail's own nominee.  Mikhail subjugated Novgorod in 1312 with Tartar help and reduced the city's ancient liberties.  Iurii took advantage of Mikhail's absence at the court of Uzbek Khan in 1313 to consolidate his power in Novgorod, and in 1317 raised a strong military challenge against Mikhail with Mongol support.  Mikhail defeated Iurii, but was accused by the Mongols of responsibility for the death of Khan Uzbek's sister (Iurii's wife) whom he had captured during the campaign and who had died while in his custody.  Mikhail was executed for this alleged crime.  m (8 Nov 1294) ANNA Dmitrievna of Rostov, daughter of DMITRY Borisovich Prince of Rostov & his wife --- (-3 Oct 1368).  She became a nun as SOFIA.  She was canonised as St Anne of Kashin 21 Jul 1650, although her cult was prohibited from 1677 until 7 Nov 1908.

Михаи́л Яросла́вич (1271—1318) — великий князь всея Руси, князь Тверской (1282 или 1286—1318), в 1305—1318 — великий князь Владимирский. В период великого княжения вёл борьбу с московским князем Юрием Даниловичем, занимавшим ярко выраженную проордынскую позицию и Новгородом. После передачи великокняжеского ярлыка Юрию Московскому, победы над ним и союзными московскому князю татарами в Бортневской битве, Михаил был вызван в Золотую Орду и по приказанию Узбек-хана убит, после чего великое княжение перешло к московскому князю.

Michailas Jaroslavičius (rus. Михаил Ярославич, 1271 m. arba 1272 m. – 1318 m. lapkričio 22 d.) – 1304–1318 m. Vladimiro kunigaikštis, 1285–1318 m. didysis Tverės kunigaikštis.

Biografija

Tėvas Jaroslavas Jaroslavičius, motina Ksenija. Žmona Ana Kašina, vaikai: Fedora, Dmitrijus Michailovičius Tveriškis, Aleksandras Michailovičius, Vasilijus Michailovičius Kašinskis, Konstantinas Michailovičius Tveriškis Valdymas

1286 m. kariavo su Tverę puolančiais lietuviais. 1304 m. iš Aukso ordos chano gavo jarlyką būti Vladimiro didžiuoju kunigaikščiu – nominaliu Rusios valdovu. Pirmasis iš rusų kunigaikščiu pradėjo tituluotis Rusios didžiuoju kunigaikščiu. Nuo 1304 m. kovojo su Maskva. 1317 m. chanas Uzbekas didžiojo kunigaikščio jarlyką davė Maskvos kunigaikščiui Jurijui Danilovičiui, kuris buvo vedęs chano seserį. 1317 m. gruodžio mėn. Michailas Jaroslavičius sumušė pastarojo kariuomenę, dėl to buvo iškviestas į ordą teisman, kur buvo nužudytas Jurijaus Danilovičiaus tarnų. Stačiatikių bažnyčios 1549 m. kanonizuotas, Tverės globėjas. [1] Šaltiniai

   Michailas Jaroslavičius. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija, T. XV (Mezas-Nagurskiai). – Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 2009. 21 psl.

Literatūra

   Карамзин Н. М. История государства Российского. Том IV, глава VIII;

   Janet Martin. Medieval Russia 980–1584 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 176;

   John Fennell. Princely Executions in the Horde 1308–1339, Forschungen zur Osteuropäischen Geschichte 38. 1988.