陳世倌 (秉之 蓮宇)

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【(浙江海寧)】 陳世倌 (秉之 蓮宇)

Chinese: 文勤公 【(浙江海寧)】 陳世倌(四) (秉之 蓮宇)
Birthdate:
Death: 1758 (77-78)
Immediate Family:

Son of 陳詵 (叔大 實齋) and 查氏
Father of 陳克繩 and 陳克光
Brother of 陳世儁 (蘭侯 識庵); 陳世儼; 陳世仁 (元之 換吾); 陳世侃 (行之 闇齋) and 陳潮

官銜: 太子太傅文淵閣大學士禮部尚書
科舉: 康熙四十二年(1703)癸未科進士出身
Managed by: Private User
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About 陳世倌 (秉之 蓮宇)

Ch'ên Shih-kuan 陳世倌 (T. 秉之 H. 蓮宇 Nov. 15, 1680-1758, May 21, official, was a native of Hai-ning, Chekiang. He received his chin-shih degree in 1703 and became a compiler in the Hanlin Academy (1706). Thereafter, until 1722, he filled various posts in the Hanlin Academy, serving concurrently as provincial examiner in Kwangtung (1714) and as commissioner of education of Shun-t'ien (1720-22). In 1724 he was appointed sub-chancellor of the Grand Secretariat, and later in the same year, governor of Shantung. In 1727 he was placed in charge of conservancy work in Kiangnan. Accused of dilatoriness in the performance of his duties, he was dismissed (1729) and was ordered to supervise the reparation of the Temple of Confucius at Ch'ü-fu, Shantung. In 1732 he returned to his native place, Hai-ning, and devoted himself to study. When he resumed official life he was made senior vice-president of the Censorate (1736-37, 1739-40), superintendent of government Granaries (1737-38), senior vice-president of the Board of Revenue (1738-39), and president of the Board of Works (1740-41). In 1741 he was promoted to be Grand Secretary. Early in 1749 he was once more dismissed for an error he is alleged to have made in an official communication, but was pardoned, and in 1751 was reinstated in his post as Grand Secretary. In the following years he served twice as director-general of the metropolitan military examination (1752, 1754). In 1757 he was permitted to retire and was honored with the title of Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent. He died in the capital and was canonized as Wên-ch'in 文勤. He was known as a man of great industry and discretion, and is said to have been frugal and abstemious in his diet. His collected works are said to have the title 嘉惠堂集 Chia-hui t'ang chi.

Ch'ên Shih-kuan came from the famous Ch'ên family of Hai-ning -- a family that produced, from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries inclusive, thirty-one chin-shih, one hundred and three chü-jen, seventy-four senior licentiates, and about one thousand hsiu-ts'ai and students of the Imperial Academy. Three became Grand Secretaries, thirteen were officials above the third rank, more than three hundred stood below the third rank, and thirteen were given a place in the national biographical records. The ancestor of this illustrious family was Kao Liang 高諒 (H. 東園) who in the early Ming period married a daughter of the Ch'ên family and later adopted his wife's family name. One of his descendants, Ch'ên Yu-hsiang 陳與相 (T. 卜野 H. 虛舟, 1545-1628), became a chin-shih in 1577, and this branch of the family produced most of the noted officials. Ch'ên Yu-hsiang's grandson, Ch'ên Chih-lin 陳之遴 (T. 彥升 H. 素庵, 1605-1666), was a chin-shih of 1637 and the first one of the family to surrender to the Ch'ing dynasty. He rose to be a Grand Secretary (1652-53, 1655-56), and his wife, Hsü Ts'an 徐燦 (T. 明霞, 湘蘋, 紫⺮言) was a poetess. A great-grandson of Ch'ên Yü-hsiang, Ch'ên Yuan-lung 陳元龍 (T. 廣陵 H. 乾齋, posthumous name 文簡, 1652-1736), was a chin-shih of 1685 and was the second member of the family to become a Grand Secretary (1729-33). Ch'ên Yüan-lung was also a calligrapher and a poet. His collection of poems, entitled 愛日堂詩集 Ai jih t'ang shih-chi, 27 chüan, was printed in 1736. He was the compiler of a classified encyclopedia, 格致鏡原 Ko-chih ching-yüan, 100 chüan, printed from 1717 to 1735, which covers a wide range of subjects in the arts and sciences.

Ch'ên Shih-kuan's father, Ch'ên Hsien 陳詵 (T. 叔大 H. 實齋, posthumous name 清恪, 1642-1722), was a chü-jen of 1672 who served as president of the Board of Ceremonies (1713-19). The third son of Ch'ên Hsien, Ch'ên Shih-jên 陳世仁 (T. 元之 H. 換吾 1676-1722), a chin-shih of 1715 and a corrector in the Hanlin Academy, was a mathematician whose work 少廣補遺 Shao-kuang pu-i, 1 chüan, was copied into the Ssû-k'u (see under Chi Yün) Library. He is credited with another work on mathematics, 方程申論 Fang-ch'êng shên-lun, 6 chüan. Ch'ên Shih-jên's wife, Yang Shou-hsien 楊守閑 (T. 禮持), was a poetess, and his grandson, Ch'ên Yung-fu 陳用敷 (T. 正誼 H. 錫民 d. 1800), chin-shih of 1760, served as governor of Kweichow (1785, 1795), of Anhwei (1787-90, 1794, 1799), of Kwangsi (1790-94), and of Hupeh (1794-95). In 1789 Ch'ên Yung-fu was deprived of his rank (remaining, however, as governor of Anhwei on probation) for failure to report a book that was regarded as seditious.

There is a legend to the effect that Emperor Kao-tsung was born into the Ch'ên family that he was, in fact, a son of Ch'ên Hsien. This son is alleged to have been secretly adopted as an infant into the imperial family in exchange for a daughter of the imperial household. Those who defend this legend so account for the many members of the Ch'ên family who were granted imperial recognition. They assert, too, that Emperor Kao-tsung was himself aware of his ancestry, and that the visits he paid to the garden of the Ch'ên family, An-lan yüan 安瀾園, in Hai-ning, were for the purpose of paying respects to his ancestors.

[ 1/309/2a, 280/6a, 295/12b; 3/16/1a; 62/6a, 12/37a;' 4/26/la, 20/30a; 26/1/35b; Hai-ning chou-chih (1776); Hai-ning chou-chih kao (1921); Hai-ning hsien-chih (1765); Ch'iên T'ai-chi [q.v.], Hai-ch'ang pei-chih (1846); 硃批諭旨 Chu-p'i yü-chih, for memorials of Ch'ên Shih-kuan; Ch'ên Ch'i-yüan 陳其元, 庸閒齋筆記 Yung-hsien chai pi-chi, chüan 1; 海寧渤海陳氏宗譜 Hai-ning Po-hai Ch'ên-shih tsung-p'u (1882).]

LI MAN-KUEI

文勤公 陳世倌(四) (秉之 蓮宇)生平 (中文)

《清史稿》卷303

陳世倌,字秉之,浙江海寧人。父詵,自有傳。世倌,康熙四十二年進士,改庶吉士。自編修累遷侍讀學士,督順天學政。父憂歸,起督江西學政,疏乞終制,得請。雍正二年,服闋,擢內閣學士,出為山東巡撫。時山東境旱蝗,糧運淺阻,世倌單車周歷,密察災輕重、吏能否,乃視事。趣捕蝗略盡,並疏治運道,世宗書扇以賜。世倌疏言:「社倉通有無、濟豐歉,古今可行。宜令各鄉勸富民輸穀,不限多寡,量予獎勸。舉公正鄉約三人司其出入,官為稽覈。貧民春貸秋償,石納息二斗,歉則減之,十年後納息一斗。請飭諸行省先就數州縣行之。俟有成效,然後推廣。」下所司議行。又疏請禁回教,上以回教其來已久,限於種人,非蔓延難量。無故欲禁革,徒紛擾,非治理,罷其議。又疏上沿海防衛五事,報可。四年,母憂歸。命治江南水利,坐遲誤奪職,並命赴曲阜督修孔子廟。

高宗即位,起左副都御史。乾隆二年,授倉場侍郎,再遷工部尚書。六年,授文淵閣大學士。是年秋,淮、徐、鳳、泗等處被水,上命侍郎周學健會總督高斌庀工役。世倌屢疏陳行水卹災諸事,上即命乘傳往會學健等察勘。世倌言水勢高下必當親勘,請以通測量術者偕往,從之。十二月,偕學健等疏陳籌畫工役,請待來歲二三月水涸施工。上曰:「世倌臨行奏言歲內可疏,積水盡消,今疏言仍待來歲二三月,其所籌畫皆不過就高斌、周學健所定規模而潤色之,別無奇謀碩畫,何必多此往返乎?」

九年,予假回籍,請致仕,不許。疏言:「道經山東,聞有劇盜就逮。因案關數省,遷延待質。劇盜既鞫得實,宜速誅。請飭山東巡撫定讞,毋使久稽顯戮。」上韙其言。假滿還職,加太子太保。雲南巡撫劾屬吏,例當令總督覆讞。世倌擬旨誤,下吏議奪職,上斥世倌卑瑣不稱大學士,宜如議奪職。又別敕略謂:「朕斥世倌卑瑣,即如世倌與孔氏有連,乃於兗州私營田宅,冀分其餘潤。此豈大臣所為?今既奪職,下山東巡撫毋令居兗州。」十五年,入京祝嘏,賞原銜。十六年,命入閣辦事,兼管禮部事。二十二年,以老病乞休,詔從其請,加太子太傅。二十三年春,陛辭,御製詩賜之,謂「皇祖朝臣無幾也」。賚銀五千兩,在家食俸。未行,卒,諡文勤。

世倌治宋五子之學,廉儉純篤。入對及民間水旱疾苦,必反覆具陳,或繼以泣。上輒霽顏聽之,曰:「陳世倌又來為百姓哭矣!」雖中被譴訶,終亮其端謹。其後南巡,猶遣官祭其墓云。

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