趙申喬 (慎旃)

Chao Shên-ch'iao 趙申喬 (T. 慎旃 H. 松伍), July 21, 1644-1720, Nov. 21, official, was a native of Wu-chin, Kiangsu, and a descendant of the Sung imperial family. His father, Chao Chi-ting 趙繼鼎 (T. 取新 H. 止安, 1607-1673), was a chin-shih of 1640, who after a short career as an official, retired in 1642 to spend his later life in teaching, one of his pupils being a son of Chin Pao [q.v.]. During Chao Shên-ch'iao's youth his family was poor but he succeeded in taking his chin-shih in 1670 and after a lapse of eleven years received appointment as magistrate of Shang-ch'iu, Honan. In 1688 he was promoted to a second-class assistant secretary in the Board of Punishments. After another promotion he asked for leave in 1694 on grounds of illness. Granted an audience with the emperor in 1701, he was appointed financial commissioner of Chekiang, on the recommendation of Li Kuang-ti [q.v.], governor of Chihli. Before taking office he swore that he would be incorruptible and lived up to his word. In 1702 he was rewarded with the governorship of Chekiang, and that same year he was ordered to proceed to Hunan to investigate a rebellion of the Miao tribes which occurred early in 1700, but had not been properly reported to the throne by local officials. The investigation, conducted by Chao and two others, resulted in the removal of several officials of that region, including Kuo Hsiu [q.v.], governor-general of Hukuang.

Early in 1703, Chao Shên-ch'iao was transferred to the governorship of Hunan (a post then called p'ien-yûan hsun fu 偏沅巡撫 but known after 1723 as Hunan hsun fu). Hilda 席而達 (d. 1706) was given command of troops to suppress, with the assistance of Chao and others, those Miao who still held out. Their forts in the mountainous region of Ch'ien-chou and Fenghuang were soon taken and the rebellion was bloodily suppressed in 1704. The Miao submitted temporarily to Chinese jurisdiction and to taxation, but the unrest, induced by their miserable economic condition, continued throughout the Ch'ing dynasty. Chao remained at his post until early in 1711 when he was promoted to the presidency of the Censorate. Soon after taking this office he accused Tai Ming-shih [q.v.] of writings prejudicial to the ruling dynasty-and for this Tai was executed.

In 1713 Chao Shên-ch'iao was sent to Kwangtung to supervise famine relief, and later in the year was made president of the Board of Revenue. Though he himself was incorruptible, his second son, Chao Feng-chao 趙鳳詔, proved not to be so. The latter, when prefect of Taiyuanfu, was accused in 1715 of taking bribes amounting to more than 300,000 taels silver, and for this offense was executed in 1718. Chao Shên-ch'iao begged repeatedly to be retired, but was ordered to remain at his post until his death which occurred in 1720. He was given the posthumous name, Kung-i 恭毅. As an official Chao Shên-ch'iao was unpopular, but was upheld by Emperor Shêng-tsu because he was strict with himself. In 1730 his name was ordered to be celebrated in the Temple of Eminent Statesmen.

His collected works, entitled 趙恭毅公賸稿 Chao Kung-i kung sheng-kao, in 8 chüan, were printed in 1737 by a grandson, Chao T'ung-hsêeh 趙侗斆 (T. 景羅). The eldest son of Chao Shên-ch'iao, named Chao Hsiung-chao 趙熊詔 (T. 侯赤. H. 裘萼), was the chuang-yüan, or highest chin-shih of 1709. The latter's collected prose and verse, in 4 chüan, entitled 趙裘萼公賸稿 Chao Ch'iu-o kung sheng-kao, were printed in 1737.

[ 1/269/7b; 3/54/la; 18/9/6a; 武進陽湖合志 Wu-chin Yang-hu ho-chih (1886) 22/30b, 24/93s; 湖南通志 Hunan t'ung-chih (1885) 84/5b-12b.)

FANG CHAO-YING

《清史稿》卷263

趙申喬，字慎旃，江南武進人。康熙九年進士。二十年，授河南商丘知縣，有惠政。二十五年，以賢能行取，命以主事用。二十七年，授刑部主事。三十年，遷員外郎，以病乞歸。四十年，以直隸巡撫李光地薦，召見，上察申喬敬慎，超擢浙江布政使。陛辭，上諭曰：「浙江財賦地，自張鵬翮後，錢糧多蒙混，當秉公察核，不虧帑，不累民。布政使為一省表率，爾清廉，屬吏自皆守法。」申喬頓首謝曰：「臣蒙皇上特擢，不黽勉為好官，請置重典。」申喬上官，不挾幕客，治事皆躬親，例得火耗，悉屏不取。四十一年，上諭獎申喬居官清，能踐其言，就遷巡撫。布政使舊有貼解費，歲支不過十之五，申喬積二千餘金，封識以授代者，曰：「吾奏銷不名一錢，後將難繼，得此足辦一歲事，毋以擾民也。」錢塘江潮齧塘，申喬令鎔鐵貫石，築子塘為護。

湖南鎮筸紅苗殺掠為民害，民走京師叩閽陳狀，給事中宋駿業因劾總督郭琇、巡撫金璽、提督林本植諱匿不為民去害，上命侍郎傅繼祖、甘國樞及申喬往按，盡發紅苗殺掠害民狀，琇等皆坐罷。調申喬偏沅巡撫。四十二年，疏言與總督喻成龍檄衡永道張士可入苗洞宣撫，已聽命者二十餘寨，並與提督俞益謨發兵討諸不率命者。上命尚書席爾達等率荊州駐防滿洲兵，並檄廣東、貴州、湖北三省提督，會成龍等進攻。自龍椒洞至於天星寨，分道搜剿，斬悍苗千餘，三百餘寨咸聽命受約束，苗悉定。申喬疏上善後諸事，移辰沅道駐其地。上獎征苗諸將，貴州提督李芳述功最，並褒申喬強毅。

上南巡，申喬朝行在，上以潮南地偏遠，官吏私徵、加耗倍於他省，特詔申飭。申喬還，建上諭碑亭於通衢，示屬吏，並疏劾巴陵知縣李可昌等違例苛歛，奪官逮治。四十五年，申喬疏言：「清浪、平溪二衛地處山僻，請改米徵銀，俾省運費。」四十六年，疏言：「漕運旗丁舊有耗贈、行月銀米，於起運前預發。給事中戴嵩條奏俟至通州補發，意在防其虧缺。湖南運道遠於江、浙，例本無耗贈，惟恃行月銀米為轉運之資。今既扣存，窮丁不能涉遠，必致誤漕。請仍舊例預發。」上許之，著為令。

四十七年，命赴湖北按讞荊州同知王侃等侵蝕木稅，疏請裁港口渡私稅，荊州關稅部差如故。申喬還，又請以靖州屬鸕鶿關稅併入辰州關。別疏言：「營兵給餉，每於正月支領，時地丁尚未開徵，挪移則累官，預徵則累民，請以隔歲餘存米石撥給兵餉。」並下部議行。內閣學士宋大業祭告南岳還京師，劾申喬輕褻御書，詔詰申喬。申喬疏辨，並言：「大業初使湖南，餽金九千。此次再使湖南，餽金五百，意不慊，札布政使董昭祚，言南岳廟工餘銀毋報部。臣仍報部充餉，以是誣劾。」大業坐奪官，申喬鐫五級留任。

四十八年，疏劾提督俞益謨取兵糧三十五石，詔詰益謨。益謨劾申喬苛刻，請並解官質訊。四十九年，上命尚書蕭永藻往按，永藻察申喬疏實，上為罷益謨，而命申喬還職。尋擢左都御史，諭曰：「申喬甚清廉，但有性氣，人皆畏其直。朕察其無私，是以護惜之。」五十年，疏請刻頒部行則例。劾編修戴名世所著南山集、孑遺錄有大逆語，下刑部，鞫實坐斬。五十一年，疏請禁營兵冒名食糧；又言上普免各省地丁錢糧，惟潼關衞、大同府徵本色，不在蠲例，請如奉天、臺灣例，一體蠲免：並允所請。

又疏言每歲農忙，京師當遵例停訟。上諭曰：「農忙停訟，聽之似有理，實乃無益。民非獨農也，商訟則廢生理，工訟則廢手藝。地方官不濫准詞狀，准則速結，訟亦少矣。若但四月至七月停訟，而平日濫准詞狀，又復何益？且此四月至七月間，或有姦民詐害良善，冤向誰訴？八月以後，正當收穫，亦非閒時。福建、廣東四季皆農時，豈終歲停訟乎？讀書當明理，事有益於民，朕即允行，否則斷乎不可也。」五十二年，廣東饑，命往督平糶。尋授戶部尚書。
五十三年，旗丁請指圈滄州民地，直隸巡撫趙弘燮議以旗退地另撥，部議不許。申喬言滄州民地有旨停圈，宜如弘燮議，上從之。時方鑄大錢，商人請納銀領易小錢送寶源局改鑄，命內務府會戶部議。申喬言：「收小錢，有司責也，商人圖利，恐近藉端擾民，不可許。」而疏已上，議准申喬奏，請罷斥。上召問狀，申喬言：「司官但送侍郎畫題，為所藐視，無顏復居職。」上曰：「君子懲忿窒慾，此語宜詳思。司官藐視，但當奏劾。爾性苛急，不能容人。天地之大德曰生，非但不殺而已。蓋於萬物皆養育而保全之。爾在官誠廉，然豈可恃廉而矯激乎？」命任事如故。卒用申喬議，罷商人納銀領錢。

申喬子鳳詔，官太原知府。上幸龍泉關，鳳詔入謁，上以申喬子優遇之。問巡撫噶禮賢否，鳳詔言噶禮清廉第一，上為擢噶禮江南總督。及噶禮以貪敗，上舉鳳詔問尚書張鵬翮，鵬翮言其貪。五十四年，山西巡撫蘇克濟劾鳳詔受賕至三十餘萬，命奪官按治。申喬疏謝不能教子，請罷斥，上責其詞意忿激，非大臣體，命任事如故。鳳詔坐贓罪至死。 五十九年，以病乞休。上仍獎申喬清廉，令在官調治。鳳詔贓未清，命免追，並諭大學士，謂「速傳此旨，使其早知，庶服藥可效也」。尋卒，年七十有七，賜祭葬，諡恭毅。雍正元年，加贈太子太保。六年，湖廣總督邁柱疏劾屬吏虧帑，有申喬在偏沅時事，例當分償。世宗特命免之。