George Madison, 6th Governor of Kentucky

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Madison

George Madison (June 1763 – October 14, 1816) was the sixth Governor of Kentucky. He was the first governor of Kentucky to die in office, serving only a few weeks in 1816. Little is known of Madison's early life. He was a member of the influential Madison family of Virginia, and was a second cousin to President James Madison. He served with distinction in three wars – the Revolutionary War, Northwest Indian War, and War of 1812. He was twice wounded in the Northwest Indian War, and in the War of 1812 he was taken prisoner following the Battle of Frenchtown.

Madison's political experience before becoming governor consisted solely of a twenty-year tenure as state auditor. Although his military service made him extremely popular in Kentucky, he sought no higher office until the citizens insisted he run for governor in 1816. James Johnson, his only challenger in the race, dropped out early due to Madison's overwhelming popularity, and Madison was elected without opposition. A few weeks later, he became the first Kentucky governor to die in office. Opponents of his lieutenant governor, Gabriel Slaughter, mounted a popular but unsuccessful challenge to Slaughter's succeeding Madison in office.

Early life

George Madison was born in June 1763 in the portion of Augusta County, Virginia that eventually became Rockingham County.[a] His parents were John and Agatha (Strother) Madison. His brother James became the Episcopal bishop of Virginia and the president of William and Mary College. Another brother was Captain Thomas Madison. He was also a second cousin to President James Madison.

Little is known of Madison's early life. He was educated in the local schools of the area and received instruction at home. Before he was old enough to legally enlist, Madison entered the Continental Army as a private during the Revolutionary War.

It is not known precisely when Madison moved to Kentucky. Land entries in Lincoln County indicate that he and his brother Gabriel were there by at least 1784. He married Jane Smith with whom he had four children – Agatha, William, Myra, and George.[b] Jane Smith-Madison died in 1811.

Service in the Northwest Indian War

Madison served with the Kentucky militia during the Northwest Indian War. He was a subaltern in Arthur St. Clair's army in the American defeat at the Battle of the Wabash on November 4, 1791. During the retreat, a fellow soldier named William Kennan found Madison sitting on a log. Kennan was being pursued by Indians and admonished Madison to run, but Madison, who was already known to be of frail constitution, stood to reveal that he had been badly wounded and was bleeding profusely. Kennan quickly retrieved an abandoned horse he had seen during his flight; he helped Madison astride the horse, and the two escaped their pursuers.

Later in the war, Madison fought under the command of Major John Adair. On November 5, 1792, Adair's men were encamped near Fort St. Clair when they were ambushed by an Indian force under the command of Little Turtle. Adair ordered a retreat, then gathered his men and divided them into three groups. He ordered the group under Madison to turn the enemy's flank, but they had little impact, and Madison was again wounded in the battle. Following this failed offensive, Adair's men withdrew to Fort St. Clair. In Adair's report to Brigadier General James Wilkinson, he noted "Madison's bravery and conduct need no comment; they are well-known."

Political career

Governor Isaac Shelby appointed Madison as Auditor of Public Accounts on March 7, 1796. He served in this capacity for twenty years, and although he never sought a higher office, historian Lewis Collins opined that "there was no office within the gift of the people which he could not have easily attained, without the slightest solicitation." In 1800, he became a trustee of the Kentucky Seminary in Franklin County. On December 5, 1806, he served on a grand jury which refused to indict Aaron Burr for treason. He was appointed director of the Bank of Kentucky later that year.

During the War of 1812, Governor Shelby called for volunteers to serve in the Army of the Northwest. Colonel John Allen raised a regiment, and Madison was made his second-in-command. The regiment, known as the 1st Rifle Regiment of Kentucky Volunteers, fought under James Winchester at the Battle of Frenchtown. Winchester was captured by General Henry Procter, but about four hundred men under Madison repelled several charges by the British. Madison's men believed they had won the victory when they observed a white flag in the midst of the British force, but the flag was actually being waved by Winchester as an order for Madison's force to surrender. When Madison discovered that it was Winchester who was waving the flag, he refused the order to surrender on grounds that as a prisoner, Winchester had no authority to issue it. Proctor demanded Madison's unconditional surrender, but Madison insisted that the terms of surrender include Proctor's protection of the American prisoners from Proctor's Indian allies. Proctor initially balked at anything but an unconditional surrender, but after Madison's promise that the Americans would "sell their lives as dearly as possible", Proctor acquiesced.

Proctor had as many prisoners as soldiers, and was in no position to enforce the terms he had agreed to. The non-commissioned officers were paroled and returned home. Madison and the other officers were taken to Fort Malden, then on to a prison in Quebec. The American wounded were left under the care of American physicians. Shortly after the battle, the Indians looted the American provisions, which included a large quantity of whiskey. Drunk and violent, they slaughtered many of the American wounded in what became known as the Massacre of the River Raisin.

Madison was freed from prison a year after his capture as part of a prisoner exchange. He returned to Kentucky following his release and was honored at a public dinner on September 6, 1814. He resigned as auditor of public accounts in 1816 due to failing health, but submitting to public demand, he became a candidate for governor later that year. James Johnson, the other candidate for office, withdrew from the race due to Madison's popularity, thus the latter was elected without opposition.

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