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About Little Shell III, Ayabiwewidang “Sits and Speaks ”
Thomas Little Shell III (c. 1830 – 1901) (Anishinaabemowin Esens ("Little Shell" or "Little Clam") and recorded as Ase-anse or Es-sence) was a chief of a band of the Ojibwa (Chippewa) tribe in the second half of the nineteenth century, when the Anishinaabeg (Ojibwa peoples) had a vast territory ranging from southwestern Canada into the northern tier of the United States, from the Dakotas and into Montana.
During the 1850s, the United States (US) began to negotiate with the Anishinaabeg of North Dakota to get them to cede their land in exchange for payment and settlement on a reservation.
Much earlier, probably during the mid or early 18th century, the Anishinaabeg had begun to migrate into the Great Plains of Canada and the United States from their historic territory around the Great Lakes, partly in response to encroachment by Europeans and Americans. By the time Canadian and United States immigrants made their first permanent settlements in the Pembina and Saulteaux lands on the plains, the Ojibwe territory had advanced to southeastern Alberta and much of present-day Montana.
Little Shell was one of the Anishinaabe signatories of the 1863 Treaty of Old Crossing, which ceded Anishinaabe land in Minnesota and North Dakota. In 1864 he refused to negotiate with the United States further about ceding more land. For almost another 30 years, Little Shell refused to negotiate with the United States over land. Together the Anishinaabeg occupied an area of over 63,000,000 acres (250,000 km2). Much of that land was in North Dakota and South Dakota, but also included Pembina land in Montana, which may have reached all the way to the Rocky Mountains.
1880 to 1901
Around 1880, Little Shell moved his band from southern Canada to the Turtle Mountains of north-central North Dakota, where he protested encroachment by Americans and the government's lack of concern for Chippewa land title.[1] Because of persistent food shortages, he and his band hunted buffalo as far as Montana and southern Saskatchewan during the late 1880s. When they returned to the Turtle Mountains in the early 1890s, they faced a series of events that led to the exile of Little Shell's and other Chippewa people from the Dakotas.[1]
In 1892 Little Shell met with American representatives and attempted to reach an agreement about ceding his people's remaining land. European-American immigrants did not wait for treaties but squatted on Native American lands in Montana, North Dakota and South Dakota.[citation needed]
Little Shell attempted to sell his remaining lands for $1.00 per acre and be allowed to have at least 10,000,000 acres (40,000 km2) of remaining lands in Montana, North Dakota and South Dakota set aside as a Reservation. The Americans offered to pay 10 cents an acre (which became known as the infamous "Ten-Cent Treaty"[1]%29 and refused to set aside the 10,000,000 acres (40,000 km2) reservation. No agreement was reached. The United States agent brought in 32 other Chippewa leaders who signed the treaty.[citation needed]
Little Shell's Montana lands started at the Missouri River on the Montana-North Dakota border, then followed the Yellowstone river to its beginning, and probably included the Big Belt Mountains and Little Belt Mountains, and may have reached to the Rocky Mountains near Augusta. Of course, the plains Anishinaabeg shared their Montana lands with the Assiniboine and probably the Gros Ventre, as well.
Little Shell III was a nephew of Chief Broken Arm and Assiniboine Chief Red Stone was his uncle. Both Broken Arm and Red Stone were chiefs in the Canoe Paddler Band. Broken Arm had also been the Chief at Moose Mountain prior to White Bear. https://www.metismuseum.ca/media/document.php/14748.Little%20Shell%...
Little Shell’s father, Little Shell II, signed the Red Lake Pembina Treaty with Commissioner Ramsey in 1863 as Chief of the Pembina Band of Chippewa.
Little Shell III, is known for his resistance to signing the McCumber Agreement of 1892.
He was married to Okimahkwe, “Great Woman” (b. 1823). She was the daughter of chief Black Duck. His second wife was Oskinuskwa “Young Woman” (b. 1858). Her sister was Little Stone. He had two children; a daughter Ga Na Wa pan (b. 1880) and a son, Gyi ka emihelet “Reading the Day” (b. 1884). Little Shell III
was born between 1825-1830. He died between 1900-1901 at the Turtle Mountain Chippewa Reservation in Rolette County, Belcourt, North Dakota, and was buried in St. Anthony's Cemetery.
He and his followers lived and hunted in the corridor north of the Missouri River, along the Poplar River, Wood Mountain and Moose Mountain, and along the upper Assiniboine River. He and his followers had moved at one time to Montana, The Little Shell Band of Montana is recognized by the state but not by BIA.
LEADERSHIP OF THE PEMBINA CHIPPEWA NATION
The Wazhazha Mdewakanton of the O'Jibway Nation is ceremonial. The O'Jibway Nation traces back 2000 years as a collection of Nations who unified and worked collectively to establish trade, and family unity, among the Haudenosaunee, Anishinaabemowin, and Algonquin descendants of the Great Lakes. Ojibwa, also spelled Ojibwe or Ojibway, also called Chippewa, self-name Anishinaabe, Algonquian-speaking North American Indian tribe who lived in what are now Ontario and Manitoba, Can., and Minnesota and North Dakota, U.S., from Lake Huron westward onto the Plains. These matrilineal-patrilineal lines merge with one family.
26. Private User *Red Bear Band Leadership
25. GICHI AY'AA OGIMAA MA'LINGAAN ALBERT DENNIS LAMBERT *Red Bear Band Leadership
24. Elmer Patrice Brunelle *Red Bear Band Leadership
23. Patrice Francis Brunelle *Red Bear Band Leadership
22. A branch deviates to Little Shell VII Louis Delorme of Little Shell Pembina Chippewa, to Private of Little Shell Pembina Chippewa Tribe.
22. Little Shell III, Ayabiwewidang “Sits and Speaks ” (1872-1903) --->Turtle Mountain Branch Separation and leadership went to Chief Joseph Kaishpa "The Elevated One" Gourneau
21. John Baptiste Brunelle --->Pembina Chippewa Tribe Separation and leadership went to Patrice Francis Brunelle *Red Bear Band Leadership
20. Red Bear II Te’bish koo ge zhik Waishkey *Red Bear Band Leadership
19. Little Shell II Way-ke-ge-ke-shig (1813-1872)
18. Joseph Montreuil *Red Bear Band Leadership
17. Chief Makadeshib Black Duck (1811-1813)
17. Joseph Lenau, Tabasnawa Little Shell II (1790-1804)
16. Red Bear Miscomaquah *Red Bear Band Leadership
16. Chief Little Shell I, Standing Firm
15. Chief Gay Tay Menomin Old Wild Rice
14. Chief Kaŋgidaŋ Mdokečiŋhaŋ, Little Crow I
13. Chief Delonaise Atetaŋkawamduška Wáȟpe Šá
12. Waubojeeg
10. Chief Ka-che-ne-zuh-yauk Kahdewahbeday Broken Tooth
9. https://www.geni.com/people/Chief-Ojibwaince-Bajasswa-Biauswah-II/6000000082327519872'''
6. Wajawadajkoa
5. Wajki Weshki
3. Mitiguakosh
1. Chief Gijigossekot Great Thunderbird
O'Jibway Nation Ogimaakwe: Machequayaince daughter of Wazhazha Mdewakanton Dakota Grand Chief Chief Delonaise Atetaŋkawamduška Wáȟpe Šá; sister of Red Bear Miscomaquah, son of Bajasswa II, The Dry One
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Little Shell III, Ayabiwewidang “Sits and Speaks ”'s Timeline
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1830
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| 1872 |
1872
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1880
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| 1884 |
1884
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| 1903 |
1903
Age 73
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