Lt. Henry Ossian Flipper, USA

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ossian_Flipper

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Flipper-1

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/19549/henry-ossian-flipper

United States Army Officer. In 1877, he became the first African American to graduate from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, and was also the first black to be assigned to a command position in the army. He received a controversial dishonorable discharge and died before getting a chance to clear his record. Years later, the decision was reversed, and Flipper was given a reburial with military honors. As a civilian, Flipper worked in the United States Justice Department. He was fluent in Spanish and was able to save thousands of acres of disputed land in the Southwest territory. He also published translations of Spanish and Mexican law that continue to be used as references.

Henry Ossian Flipper (21 March 1856 – 3 May 1940) was an American soldier, former slave, and the first African American to graduate from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1877, earning a commission as a 2nd lieutenant in the US Army.

Following Flipper's commission, he was transferred to one of the all-black regiments serving in the US Army which were historically led by white officers. Assigned to A Troop under the command of Captain Nicholas M. Nolan, he became the first nonwhite officer to lead buffalo soldiers of the 10th Cavalry. Flipper served with competency and distinction during the Apache Wars and the Victorio Campaign but was haunted by rumors alleging improprieties. At one point, he was court martialed and dismissed from the US Army.

After losing his commission in the Army, Flipper worked throughout Mexico and Latin America and as an assistant to the Secretary of the Interior. He retired to Atlanta in 1931 and died of natural causes in 1940.

In 1994, his descendants applied to the US military for a review of Flipper's court martial and dismissal. A review found the conviction and punishment were "unduly harsh and unjust" and recommended Flipper's dismissal to be changed to a good conduct discharge. Shortly afterwards, an application for pardon was filed with the Secretary of the Army, which was forwarded to the Department of Justice. President Bill Clinton pardoned Lieutenant Henry O. Flipper on 19 February 1999.