Ludwika Maria Gonzaga, królowa Polski

https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwika_Maria_Gonzaga

Ludwika Maria Gonzaga

Coronation On July 15, 1646

in the Wawel Cathedral,

Cracow, Poland

Parents Charles I, Duke of Mantua,

Catherine of Mayenne

Consorts Władysław IV Vasa,

John II Casimir of Poland

Date of Birth August 18, 1611

Place of Birth Nevers, France

Date of Death May 10, 1667

Place of Death Warsaw, Poland

Place of Burial Wawel Castle, Cracow, Poland

Marie Louise Gonzaga de Nevers (known in Poland as Ludwika Maria) was Queen consort to two Polish kings: Władysław IV, and Jan II Kazimierz. She was born 18 August 1611 in Paris (or Nevers) to Prince Charles Gonzaga and Catherine de Guise, princess of the French province of Maine.

Contents

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   * 1 Biography

* 2 Ancestors
* 3 Gallery
* 4 References
* 5 See also
[edit] Biography

After having spent her childhood with her mother, she was to have married Gaston, Duke of Orléans, in 1627, but King Louis XIII opposed the marriage and subsequently imprisoned her in the Vincennes fortress and later in a convent.

The first proposal that she marry the King of Poland, Władysław IV, was made in 1634, but Władysław eventually married Cecilia Renata of Austria.

In 1640 Marie Louise met Władysław's brother, Jan Kazimierz, and started her literary salon in Paris.

Cecilia Renata died in 1644, and on 5 November 1645 Ludwika Maria married Władysław IV per procura (Jan Kazimierz representing his brother). She actually had to change her name from Maria to Ludwika Maria in order for the marriage to take place, as in Poland the name Maria was at that time considered reserved for only Mary, Mother of Jesus.

The proper wedding of Ludwika Maria and Władysław IV took place in Warsaw on 10 March 1646. Two years later, on 20 May 1648, Ludwika Maria was widowed by the death of Władysław IV. Jan Kazimierz was eventually elected the next King of Poland, and married her on 30 May 1649. She died in Warsaw on 10 May 1667 and was buried in Kraków at Wawel Cathedral. Jan Kazimierz abdicated the Polish throne a year later.

Ludwika Maria was an active and energetic woman, with ambitious economic and political plans. The Polish nobility were scandalized at the Queen's meddling into politics, nevertheless she played an instrumental role in repulsing the Swedish forces during the Deluge.

She also founded the first Polish newspaper, Merkuriusz Polski (The Polish Mercury, 1652), and the first Polish convent of the Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary (1654). She supported Tito Livio Burattini, an extremely versatile person, interested in mathematics, physics, astronomy, geodesy, economics, one of the first scientists dealing with ancient Egypt who also designed "flying machines". He lived in Poland since the early 1650s.[1]

After having spent her childhood with her mother, she was to have married Gaston, Duke of Orléans, in 1627, but King Louis XIII opposed the marriage and subsequently imprisoned her in the Vincennes fortress and later in a convent.

The first proposal that she marry the King of Poland, Władysław IV, was made in 1634, but Władysław eventually married Cecilia Renata of Austria.

In 1640 Marie Louise met Władysław's brother, Jan Kazimierz, and started her literary salon in Paris.

Cecilia Renata died in 1644, and on 5 November 1645 Ludwika Maria married Władysław IV per procura (Jan Kazimierz representing his brother). She actually had to change her name from Maria to Ludwika Maria in order for the marriage to take place, as in Poland the name Maria was at that time considered reserved for only Mary, Mother of Jesus.

The proper wedding of Ludwika Maria and Władysław IV took place in Warsaw on 10 March 1646. Two years later, on 20 May 1648, Ludwika Maria was widowed by the death of Władysław IV. Jan Kazimierz was eventually elected the next King of Poland, and married her on 30 May 1649. She died in Warsaw on 10 May 1667 and was buried in Kraków at Wawel Cathedral. Jan Kazimierz abdicated the Polish throne a year later.

Ludwika Maria was an active and energetic woman, with ambitious economic and political plans. The Polish nobility were scandalized at the Queen's meddling into politics, nevertheless she played an instrumental role in repulsing the Swedish forces during the Deluge.

She also founded the first Polish newspaper, Merkuriusz Polski (The Polish Mercury, 1652), and the first Polish convent of the Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary (1654). She supported Tito Livio Burattini, an extremely versatile person, interested in mathematics, physics, astronomy, geodesy, economics, one of the first scientists dealing with ancient Egypt who also designed "flying machines". He lived in Poland since the early 1650s.

vend la seigneurie de Saint-Valery en 1640 a Nicolas-Joachim Rouault.

Luisa Maria Gonzaga

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Königin Luisa Maria Gonzaga (Gemälde von Justus van Egmont)

Luisa Maria Gonzaga (* 18. August 1611 in Paris, Frankreich; † 10. Mai 1667 in Warschau, Polen) war eine Prinzessin aus dem italienischen Adelsgeschlecht der Gonzaga. Durch die Ehe mit zwei polnischen Königen, Władysław IV. Wasa und Johann II. Kasimir, war sie Königin von Polen, Großfürstin von Litauen, sowie bis 1660 Titularkönigin von Schweden. Sie war die Tochter von Herzog Carlo I. Gonzaga und seiner Frau Catherine de Lorraine-Guise (* 1585; † 18. März 1618).

Leben [Bearbeiten]

Luisa, die ihre Kindheit bei der Mutter verbrachte, sollte 1627 Gaston, Herzog von Orléans heiraten, aber der französische König war gegen die Heirat und ließ sie erst im Schloss Vincennes und später in einem Kloster einsperren. Den ersten Antrag, den polnischen König Władysław IV. Wasa zu heiraten, erhielt sie 1634, aber Władysław heiratete dann die österreichische Erzherzogin Cäcilia Renata von Habsburg.

Im Jahr 1640 traf sie zum ersten Mal Władysławs Bruder, Johann II. Kasimir und gründete einen literarischen Salon in Paris. Nachdem Cäcilia Renata 1644 starb, heiratete sie am 5. November 1645 Władysław Wasa per procurationem, wobei der Bräutigam durch seinen Bruder Johann vertreten wurde. Um die Hochzeit überhaupt stattfinden zu lassen, musste die Braut ihren Namen von Maria in Ludowika umändern, da der Name Maria in Polen zu jener Zeit der Jungfrau Maria vorbehalten war. Die richtige Hochzeit fand schließlich am 10. März 1646 in Warschau statt.

Zwei Jahre später, am 20. Mai 1648 wurde Luisa Maria Gonzaga Witwe. Der Bruder des Verstorbenen, Johann II. Kasimir, wurde daraufhin zum nächsten König von Polen gewählt und heiratete sie am 30. Mai 1649. Am 10. Mai 1667 verstarb Luisa Maria Gonzaga in Warschau und wurde im Wawel in Krakau beerdigt.

Luisa Maria Gonzaga war eine aktive und energische Frau mit ehrgeizigen Plänen in Wirtschaft und Politik. Die polnischen Adligen nahmen Anstoß an der Tatsache, dass sie sich als Königin in die Politik einmischte, aber dennoch spielte sie eine wichtige Rolle, zum Beispiel beim Abwehren der schwedischen Invasion. Sie gründete 1652 ebenfalls die erste polnische Zeitung, Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny und 1654 gründete sie das erste polnische Kloster der Salesianerinnen.

Weblinks [Bearbeiten]

Commons Commons: Luisa Maria Gonzaga – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien

Vorgängerin

Cäcilia Renata von Österreich

Königin von Polen

1644–1667 Nachfolgerin

Eleonore von Österreich

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In the footsteps of Polish Queen Marie Louise Gonzaga

https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C5%9Bno_%28powiat_chojnicki%29