Chow-U-Ka ‘Lydia’ Chisholm

Lydia was a Cherokee woman

Lydia Chow-U-Ka (Halfbreed) Chisholm was a member of the Cherokee Long Hair Clan.

Biography

Zauejuka/Lydia Halfbreed was born in the Cherokee Nation about 1775, the daughter of a chief named Big Halfbreed and his wife, Gu u li si (called Qualiuka and baptized as Hannah by the Moravians).

Zauejuka was given the baptismal name of "Lydia" by the Moravians on July 13, 1820: "From James Chisholm, whose wife Zauejuka, now Lydia, was baptized here on the 13th of this month, we had a visit last week. He expressed pleasure over the good fortune which his wife has experienced; " [1]

Lydia had several husbands and had children by at least four men:

1. by William Hicks, a son named George,
2. [2] by Daniel McCoy [3] or John Ferguson [4] a daughter named Catherine;
3. by James Foster a son John [5] , and
4. by James (or George) Chisholm, Nelson, Lydia and Polly. [6] The James Chisholm family appears on the 1835 Cherokee census living at Red Clay. [7]

Lydia is believed to have removed to Indian Territory with her daughter Lydia Chisholm McCabe, and to have died in the Delaware District, Cherokee Nation, about 1849.

Note regarding spouses

Some people believe Emmet Starr incorrectly listed Lydia as the wife of Charles Renatus Hicks, William's brother, and listed him as the father of Catherine Ferguson/McCoy and George HIcks. [8] The records of the Moravian missionaries were not available to Starr. Some concede that Lydia may have had a conjugal relationship with Charles Renatus Hicks as well as William. Charles had some children whose mother is unknown, although they were never associated in records with Lydia.

Sources

1. ↑ Crews, C. Daniel and Richard W. Starbuck, eds. Records of the Moravians Among the Cherokees, Cherokee Heritage Press, Tahlequah, OK. 2013. Vol. 5 p. 2566
2. ↑ “son of William Hicks and Zaujuka Halfbreed, daughter of Chief Big Halfbreed.” McClinton, Rowena . The Moravian Springplace Mission to the Cherokees University of Nebraska Press, 2010 Vol 2, Page 445
3. ↑ Crews, C. Daniel and Richard W. Starbuck, eds. Records of the Moravians Among the Cherokees, Cherokee Heritage Press, Tahlequah, OK. 2013, Vol. 5, p. 2468
4. ↑ Crews, C. Daniel and Richard W. Starbuck, eds. Records of the Moravians Among the Cherokees, Cherokee Heritage Press, Tahlequah, OK. 2013, vol. 5 Page 2560 “student Avery Miller, [parents] late Andrew Miller & Caty formerly Ferguson;”
5. ↑ McClinton, Rowena . The Moravian Springplace Mission to the Cherokees University of Nebraska Press, 2010 Vol 1. p.169
6. ↑ C. Daniel Crews and Richard W. Starbuck, eds. Records of the Moravians Among the Cherokees, Moravian Archives Vol. 5, Page 2566 and National Archives and Records Administration, M1104. Eastern Cherokee Applications of the U.S. Court of Claims, 1906-1909, Application #16496, Mary Jane Weaver, [1], Application #17892, Elizabeth McCabe [2]
7. ↑ Tyner, James. Those Who Cried. Transcript of 1835 Cherokee census. Chi-ga-u, Inc. Norman, OK. 1974. p. 179
8. ↑ Starr, Emmet. History of the Cherokee Indians. Oklahoma Yesterday Publications: Tulsa, OK. 1979. Page 448

Source: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Halfbreed-1
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LYDIA QUA-LA-YU-GA HALFBREED (QUA-LA-YU-GA GU-U-LI-SI3CRITTENDEN, JENNIE2DOUGHERTY, CORNELIUS1) was born Abt. 1776 in CNE [GA], and died 1849.
She married (1) LEONARD D SHAW Abt. 1791. He was born Abt. 1766.
She married (2) CHIEF WILLIAM ABRAHAM HICKS, SR, CHIEF Abt. 1792 in Spring Place, GA, son of NATHAN HICKS and NA-YE-HI CONRAD. He was born Abt. 1769 in CNE [GA], and died Bef. November 1837.
She married (3) DANIEL MCCOY, SR Abt. 1793. He was born Abt. 1770.
She married (4) JAMES CHISHOLM Abt. 1808, son of JOHN D CHISHOLM, SR. He was born Abt. 1774.
She married (5) JAMES FOSTER, JR, CAP Bef. 1809, son of JAMES FOSTER and NANCY LIGHTFOOT. He was born Abt. 1776, and died 1843 in Flint Dist, CNW.
She married (6) GEORGE X CHISHOLM Bef. 1822, son of JOHN D CHISHOLM, SR. He was born Abt. 1772.

• Lydia Halfbreed -Starr
• Lydia Chisholm -some Guion Miller applications
• Qualiluka -Oothcaloga Journal
• Zaueucka -Moravian records
• Chiuke -Starr
• Tocoeyeeka -Spring Place student list
• Baptism: August 13, 1820, Spring Place, Moravian
• Blood: 3/4 Cherokee
• Clan: Ani'-Ga'tâge'wi = Kituah or Wild Potato (Gu-u-li-si)
• Moravian Journals: February 16, 1814, James Foster's wife and her grandmother Old Jennie Dougherty

More About LEONARD D SHAW:

• Blood: Non-Cherokee
• Occupation: 1792, Assistant US Agent to Cherokee (Resigned c1793)

Notes for CHIEF WILLIAM ABRAHAM HICKS, SR, CHIEF:

• OCCUPATION: Principal Chief, 1826 - 10/13/1828.
• Notes of Starr, Letter bks A-F, v1, p119, note C641.
• List of students UBM at Spring Place, CN East, 1804-1834.Jerry Clark 8&9 Cher Fam Resch

Fall 1992 and Spring 1993, page 10.

• In the Cherokee emigration Rolls 1817-1835...
• 1833 Wm Hicks Sr. Age over 50 residing in Oothcaloga GA (b bef1783)
• 1833 Wm Hicks Jr. age under 25 from Oothcaloga GA (b aft1808)
• Wm Hicks Jr. Arrived May 8 1834.
• Table 5, p407-418, The Brainerd Journal lists three students that entered the mission on 12/07/1818, Edward, Jesse and a Polly Hicks.(who is Polly Hicks?)
• 1817-35 Emg'n Roll: July 16, 1833, pg 31, 1 male over 50, Ohkaloga, GA (sic)
• 1835 Census roll: Oothcaloga Creek, GA
• Blood: 1/4 Cherokee (by Interpolation)
• Chief: Bet. February 1827 - October 13, 1828, Principal Chief, CN-East
• Detachment: 1836, 37-A Pre 1837
• Starr's Notes: C641

More About JAMES CHISHOLM:

• 1835 Census roll: Red Clay, McMinn Co, TN
• Blood: Non-Cherokee

Notes for JAMES FOSTER, JR, CAP:

• Collections of the Georgia Historical Society, Ebenezer Newton's 1818 Diary; "Late in the evening we arrived at Coosawatee, a considerable town of the Indians.After passing through it, and crossing Coosawatee river, we arrived at Capt. Foster's, an Indian of some consequence in the nation; he could not speak a word of English, that I know of, but he had some negroeswho could speak very well."
• 1835 Census roll: Talking Rock Creek, GA, 0m18-, 2m18+, 0f16-, 2f16+
• 1835 Smith Resolution: Coosawattie, voted Nay; anti-treaty
• Clan: Ani'-Kawi' = Deer Clan (Ga-ho-ga)
• Emigration: October 1838, Bell Detachment (pro-treaty)
• Military service: 1814, Horseshoe Bend, Company Commander
• Residence: 1818, Coosawatee
• RG75, E545 Reg of BLW: May 31, 1858, BLW# 82578 by Betsy (widow)
• Signer: December 29, 1829, Treaty of New Euchota

Child of LYDIA HALFBREED and WILLIAM HICKS is:

	i.	 	GEORGE AGUSTUS5 HICKS, b. 1793, Spring Place, GA; d. Aft. 1858; 

m. (1) AKY U-LV-S-QUA-TO-GU ROGERS, 1808; b. Abt. 1776;
m. (2) LUCY (BROWN) FIELDS, Bef. 1824; b. Abt. 1804, Georgia;
m. (3) SARAH _____, Bef. 1847; b. Abt. 1826; d. Bef. 1895.

• George was born Abt 1792.History and Genealogy of the Cherokee Indians by Dr. Emmet Starr, page 448.Old Cherokee Families, Notes of Dr. Emmet Starr, Vol 3, Grant, by Baker and Hampton, page 4.Old Cherokee Families, Notes of Dr. Emmet Starr, Letter Books A-F, by Baker and Hampton, Vol 1, page 119, note C642.
• Seperated from first wife, Aky Rogers, then married Lucy Fields.
• Elected Marshall of Coosawaytee Dist, 9 Nov 1825.
• Capt of Emigrant Detachment of Train #4 on Trail of Tears in winter of 1838 & 39.
• Departed Tennessee on 7 Sep 1838, arrived Cherokee Nation, West on 14 Mar 1839 after 189 days.
• Signer of the Act of Union on 12 July 1839 & 40.Signer of the Constitution of 6 Sep 1839.
• Delegate to Washington in winter of 1839 & 40.Elected Associate Justice of Supreme Court on Oct 1843.
• Elected to Council from Going Snake Dist 6 Aug 1849 and Senator from same Dist 3 Aug 1857.
• Shown as attending Spring Place Mission School, Eastern Nation, from Connesauga 21 Feb 1804 to 7 Feb 1805.On the list of students of the United Brethern (Moravian) Mission School 1804-1834 as transcribed by Jerry Clark, his parents or guardians are shown as William Hicks and Tocceyeeka and he is listed as about 12 years old.
• From a catalog of students at New Spring Place, I.T. 1838-1842.In issue #8 & #9, Fall 1992 & Spring 1993 of Cherokee Family Researcher, page 18, it shows three of his children as students in 1840.At that time the family lived at Little Spavinaw, CN I.T.

In Starr's Un-published Notes, pp 146-147;
1 Nathan Hicks
1-1 Chas R Hicks
1-2 Wm " +Sarah Foreman
1-3 Mary " +Vann +Holt
1-4 Elizabeth " +Scott
1-2-1 George Hicks (son of Chiuki) +Aky Rogers +Lucy Fields
[The 1-2-1 for George Hicks depicts George as the son of William, 1-2]

• The Oothcaloga Mission Students list a George Hicks with Parent/Guardian of William Hicks, previously understood to be guardians due to Starr's book having listed George as the son of Charles Renatus; however, there is a child in the listing with Charles and Nancy as the parent/guardian and I would think it unlikely that William would be a guardian of just one of the children.
• Between Starr's notes, and the Mission Student listings I believe that George Hicks should be carried as the son of William Hicks as opposed to being the son of Charles Renatus Hicks as is printed in his book.
• George, as a son of William, is confirmed by the Moravian journal entry 02/16/1805 "...Sam Bigbee came and picked up George Hicks because his father, William Hicks, wants to take him home with him." And it's further confirmed in a letter written by William Hicks to the Cherokee Phoenix and Indians' Advocate, 7/8/1829, Vol II, No 14; "...As a brother of the Head Chief mentioned, and being one of the "whole of the Hicks family," stated to be in readiness to depart from this Nation to the West, I pronounce the above paragraph [refering to a quote from a previous article] in regard to me, my sons, George, Eli, Jay and William Hicks, to be a gross slander..." I am, Sir, respectfully, William Hicks, Sen.
• 1817-35 Emg'n Roll: November 02, 1818, pg 13, No 600, 7 in family, Coosawattee R.
• 1835 Census roll: Conesawga Creek, TN, 2m18-, 1m18+, 3f16-, 1f16+
• 1835 Smith Resolution: Amohee, voted Nay; anti-treaty
• 1851 Drennan roll: Going Snake, 36
• Aka (Facts Pg): Wa-ya-ni-dv
• Blood: 1/2 Cherokee
• Clan: Ani'-Ga'tâge'wi = Kituah or Wild Potato (Gu-u-li-si)
• Detachment: November 04, 1838, 38-10 G Hicks/McDonald; as Conductor
• Education: February 21, 1804, Spring Place Mission School
• Elected: November 09, 1825, Marshall of Coosawattee Dist, CNE
• Military service 1: Bet. October 07, 1813 - January 06, 1814, Ensign in Morgan's Cherokee Rgt, Charles R Hicks' Co
• Military service 2: Bet. October 07, 1813 - January 06, 1814, Sgt in Morgan's Cherokee Rgt, James Foster's Co RG75, E545 Reg of BLW: December 02, 1858, BLW# 86663 (age 64)
• Starr's Notes: C642; "son of 2nd Chief, Charles R Hicks" [incorrect, son of Charle's brother, William]
• Translation: Wa-ya-ni-dv = Young Wolf

	Notes for AKY U-LV-S-QUA-TO-GU ROGERS:

• Dwight Mission, Cherokee Nation, lists an Akey Hicks as a member, 15 Mar 1824.
• 1817-35 Emg'n Roll: May 03, 1818, pg 4, No 164, as Akey Hicks "a woman", 6 in family, Hiwassee
• Clan: Ani'-Gilâ'hi = Twisters, Braids, or Long Hair Clan (Mary Grant)
• Starr's Notes: C642

	Notes for LUCY (BROWN) FIELDS:

• Journal of the Mission at Spring Place, July 5th, 1822;
• Lucy Field, who had for some time resided with her half brother, Mr Vann, and often attended our meetings with her sister in-law, Jenny Vann, previous to her departure, came to take leave of us.
• Blood: 1/2 Cherokee
• Starr's Notes: C642

	More About SARAH _____:

• 1851 Old Settler roll: Tahlequah, 33 as Sarah Hicks (1896 page 152)

Child of LYDIA HALFBREED and DANIEL MCCOY is:

	ii.	 	CATHERINE MARIA5 MCCOY, b. Abt. 1793, Chickamauga Dist, CNE [GA]; d. Abt. 1839; 

m. (1) ANDREW MILLER, SR, Abt. 1807; b. Abt. 1780, Mecklenburg Co, NC; d. August 1818, Blount Co, TN;
m. (2) THOMAS GANN, October 21, 1819, Mount Joy, near Spring Place Mission; b. Abt. 1785, CNE; d. Abt. 1833;
m. (3) _____ FERGUSON, Abt. 1830; b. Abt. 1790;
m. (4) THOMAS FIELDS, Abt. 1837; b. Abt. 1780, CNE [TN]; d. 1839.

• Halfbreed 1-1-1 Catherine Hicks
• [1855 Testimony of Benjamin F Paden to Chapman, Special File 102]...states that Catherine, his mother-in-law, is the daughter of Daniel McCoy and Lydia Halfbreed.
• [letter of John Thompson Adair, 9/10/18xx]
• Catherine was a half sister to George Hicks. [The Gann Gazette, Fall 1991, pg 7]
• In 1816, Congress passed legislation providing that Cherokees could acquire 640 acres of land if they took an oath of allegiance to the United States.Andrew Miller, as a white man, applied through the right of his wife, Catherine, and they acquired land on the boarder of Monroe and McMinn counties in Tennessee. In 1818, Andrew Miller was murdered on this land, and apparently Catherine returned to Georgia where her family was living.
• 1835 Census roll: Oothcaloga Creek, GA as Catherine Gann
• Baptism: August 13, 1820
• Blood: 1/2 Cherokee [1/4]
• Clan: Ani'-Ga'tâge'wi = Kituah or Wild Potato (Gu-u-li-si)

	Notes for ANDREW MILLER, SR:

• [Special File 102]. In August of 1818 Andrew Miller Sr attempted to break up a fight between a Cherokee named the Eel and a white man [possibly a mixed blood] named William Maney and Andrew was killed by Maney.This story was recounted by Andrew's nephew, David Taylor, to John Chapman in 1855.This was part of the testimony collected by Chapman concerning the disputed Cherokee lineage of the Maney family.
• 1817-19 Reservations: May 24, 1818, #101, Toqua, in Right of Wife, 8 in family
• Blood: Non-Cherokee

	Notes for THOMAS GANN:

• [The Gann Gazette, Fall 1991, pg 8] Thomas served in Captain Sam Bowman's Company of Mounted Infantry, East Tennessee Volunteers.The records show that he served from September 23 to December 22, 1813.He was paid for 3 months service at $8 a month which came to a total of $24.He also received an allowance of 40 cents a day for his horse which came to $36.40.It would seem that a horse was worth more than a man in those days!
• [The Gann Gazette, Fall 1991, pg 9] In March of 1831, Thomas Gann was arrested at New Echota as a white man living in the Cherokee Nation without a permit--in other words he had not signed an oath of allegiance to the state.
• Blood: Non-Cherokee
• Census: 1830, Gwinnett Co, GA, pg 376

	Notes for THOMAS FIELDS:

• Candy's Creek, C.N., TN, Oct 14, 1826 [ABCFM]
• Blood: 1/2 Cherokee
• Clan: Ani'-Gilâ'hi = Twisters, Braids, or Long Hair Clan (Mary Grant)
• Emigration: 1835, from Arkansas to Cherokee Nation East

Children of LYDIA HALFBREED and JAMES FOSTER are:

	iii.	 	JOHN TYLER5 FOSTER, SR, b. 1809, Georgia; d. Aft. 1860; 

m. (1) NANCY KA-YU-GA TIMBERLAKE, Bef. 1833; b. Abt. 1816; d. Abt. 1855, Bef. 1842;
m. (2) ?
m. (3) LUCINDA FOREMAN, Bef. 1843; b. Abt. 1826;
m. (4) NANNIE (RATTLEING GOURD) FOREMAN, Bef. 1859; b. March 22, 1831; d. Bef. 1906.

• 1851 Drennan roll: Going Snake, 243
• Aka (Facts Pg): Go-nv-s-ta-di
• Detachment: October 19, 1838, 38-05 Situwakee/Evan Jones; as interpreter
• Education: May 04, 1814, Spring Place Mission School

	More About NANCY KA-YU-GA TIMBERLAKE:

• 1851 Drennan roll: Flint, 352

	More About LUCINDA FOREMAN:

• 1851 Drennan roll: Tahlequah, 200 1/2

	More About NANNIE (RATTLEING GOURD) FOREMAN:

• Starr's Notes: F621

	iv.	 	WAT FOSTER, b. Abt. 1810; d. Aft. 1838.

• Detachment: October 01, 1838, 38-14 Deas/Bell; as Interpreter

	v.	 	TOM FOSTER, b. Abt. 1812.

Children of LYDIA HALFBREED and GEORGE CHISHOLM are:

	vi.	 	NELSON5 CHISHOLM, b. Abt. 1822.

	vii.	 	LYDIA CHISHOLM, b. Abt. 1824; d. 1857; m. PATRICK BENJAMIN MCCABE; b. Abt. 1820, County Cavin, Ireland; d. May 18, 1906.

• 1851 Drennan roll: Delaware, 903 as Lid-dia Chisholm
• Clan: Ani'-Ga'tâge'wi = Kituah or Wild Potato (Gu-u-li-si)

	viii.	 	POLLY NAOMI CHISHOLM, b. Abt. 1826; d. 1887; m. DANIEL H ROSS, Abt. 1846; b. October 28, 1822, CNE [AL]; d. 1862.

• Clan: Ani'-Ga'tâge'wi = Kituah or Wild Potato (Gu-u-li-si)
• Note: Miller ap# 11679 McDuff Ross gives Naomi's father as Thomas Chisholm

	More About DANIEL H ROSS:

• 1851 Drennan roll: Flint, 668 as Daniel Ross
• Aka (Facts Pg): Mack Ross
• Clan: Ani'-Wâ'di = Red Paint (Wurteh)

Source: Hicks, James R. “Cherokee Lineages: Register Report of Cornelius Dougherty” Genealogy.com, Sites.Rootsweb.com, https://www.genealogy.com/ftm/h/i/c/James-R-Hicks-VA/BOOK-0001/0009...
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