Margherita Aldobrandeschi, 3^contessa di Sovana

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Page 1 Nikolai Wandruszka: A journey into the European past - the ancestors of the Marquis Antonio Amorini Bolognini (1767-1845) and his wife, the Countess Marianna Ranuzzi (1771-1848) 27.11..2016 ALDOBRANDESCHI XXI.2011843 Aldobrandeschi Margherita, * ca. 1255 (formerly 1st), + Rome ca. 1313, oo (a) 10.8. 1270 Guy de Montfort Count of Nola, Lord of Atripalda, Forino and Cicala, Angevin Vicar of the Tuscany (* 1240/1244 + 1288/1292), oo (b) (irregular marriage) Nello di Margiante Pannocchieschi, separated, oo (c) 1292 Orsini Bear Lord of Galeria, oo (d) 19.9.1296 Goffredo Gaetani Lord of Sermoneta, wedding canceled by the Pope on 3.10.1298, oo (e) beginning 1299 Guido Aldobrandeschi of the Counts of Santa Fiora. Extensive biography of Luciana MARCHETTI in the Biographical Dictionary of Italians 2 (1960) 1 : "Daughter of Ildebrandino" the Red "Count of Sovana and Pitigliano, was born, perhaps, towards 1255, since he must not have been more than fifteen or sixteen years old when his was celebrated first marriage with Guido di Montfort (February 1270, according to Ciacci; second half of 1270, according to Lisini). Guido di Montfort was captured in 1287 by the Aragonese during the battle of the Gulf of Naples, and died a prisoner in Messina in 1292, the A. she found herself alone in to face the expansionist aims of Siena, a traditional enemy of the Aldobrandeschi of the Sovana branch. Perhaps already at the time of Guido's capture, the A. he had tightened one love affair with Nello de 'Pannocchieschi, lord of Pietra, in Maremma, with the which, should one accept Ciacci's hypothesis, would have imitated in secret marriage, in the presumption of the husband's death, except to abandon the lover (or husband) that was) in 1290. In fact, from this period the incursions against Orbetello, where yes he found the Countess, of Ranieri d'Ugolino, lord of Baschi and Vitozzo, and of Ranieri of Montemerano, relatives of the A., probably aiming to detach it from the Pannocchieschi, either that the. he had urged them to do this, whether they acted on their own initiative. Of whatever had been the relations between the A. and Nello de 'Pannocchieschi, in January 1292 la Countess was in talks with Napoleone Orsini, perhaps already in view of a new one marriage with his brother Orso Orsini, made necessary by the precarious conditions in which the county was threatened by the restless Maremma Municipalities. THERE. he married Bear in the first months of 1292 and succeeded, thanks to the ability of her husband, to re-establish the normal relations of mutual tolerance with Orvieto, renewing the oaths of friendship and citizenship already signed by the ancestors and by the first husband, Guido di Montfort. In Virtue of the new marriage, the A. he succeeded in stipulating a treaty also with Siena, on 5 March 1294. New fears, however, for the Countess of Sovana and Pitigliano, arose when Orso Orsini also died in October 1295. Rejected an attempt by Nello de 'Pannocchieschi to revive her candidacy as a third - and this time - legitimate husband, despite sending an embassy of which Binduccio, son of the A. and del Nello himself, the Countess was induced by Pope Boniface VIII to marry a nephew, Loffredo Caetani, Sept. 19 1296, in Anagni. Marriage, however, inspired by obvious reasons 1 Neuere Literatur vgl .: Simone Collavini, The Counts Aldobrandeschi and the Valdinievole. A note on the political situation in Tuscia in the early 11th century. In: Lords and feudal lords in Valdinievole (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the meeting Gentlemen and feudal lords in the Valdinievole from the 10th to the 12th century, Buggiano 1992, pp. 101-127; Giuseppe Guerrini / Administration Provincial of Grosseto: Torri e Castelli of the province of Grosseto. Nuova Immagine Edizioni, Siena 1999; Bruno Santi (edited by): Historical-Artistic Guide to the Maremma. Nuova Immagine Edizioni, Siena 1995

Page 1 Nikolai Wandruszka: A journey into the European past - the ancestors of the Marquis Antonio Amorini Bolognini (1767-1845) and his wife, the Countess Marianna Ranuzzi (1771-1848) 27.11..2016 ALDOBRANDESCHI XXI.2011843 Aldobrandeschi Margherita, * ca. 1255 (formerly 1st), + Rome ca. 1313, oo (a) 10.8. 1270 Guy de Montfort Count of Nola, Lord of Atripalda, Forino and Cicala, Angevin Vicar of the Tuscany (* 1240/1244 + 1288/1292), oo (b) (irregular marriage) Nello di Margiante Pannocchieschi, separated, oo (c) 1292 Orsini Bear Lord of Galeria, oo (d) 19.9.1296 Goffredo Gaetani Lord of Sermoneta, wedding canceled by the Pope on 3.10.1298, oo (e) beginning 1299 Guido Aldobrandeschi of the Counts of Santa Fiora. Extensive biography of Luciana MARCHETTI in the Biographical Dictionary of Italians 2 (1960) 1 : "Daughter of Ildebrandino" the Red "Count of Sovana and Pitigliano, was born, perhaps, towards 1255, since he must not have been more than fifteen or sixteen years old when his was celebrated first marriage with Guido di Montfort (February 1270, according to Ciacci; second half of 1270, according to Lisini). Guido di Montfort was captured in 1287 by the Aragonese during the battle of the Gulf of Naples, and died a prisoner in Messina in 1292, the A. she found herself alone in to face the expansionist aims of Siena, a traditional enemy of the Aldobrandeschi of the Sovana branch. Perhaps already at the time of Guido's capture, the A. he had tightened one love affair with Nello de 'Pannocchieschi, lord of Pietra, in Maremma, with the which, should one accept Ciacci's hypothesis, would have imitated in secret marriage, in the presumption of the husband's death, except to abandon the lover (or husband) that was) in 1290. In fact, from this period the incursions against Orbetello, where yes he found the Countess, of Ranieri d'Ugolino, lord of Baschi and Vitozzo, and of Ranieri of Montemerano, relatives of the A., probably aiming to detach it from the Pannocchieschi, either that the. he had urged them to do this, whether they acted on their own initiative. Of whatever had been the relations between the A. and Nello de 'Pannocchieschi, in January 1292 la Countess was in talks with Napoleone Orsini, perhaps already in view of a new one marriage with his brother Orso Orsini, made necessary by the precarious conditions in which the county was threatened by the restless Maremma Municipalities. THERE. he married Bear in the first months of 1292 and succeeded, thanks to the ability of her husband, to re-establish the normal relations of mutual tolerance with Orvieto, renewing the oaths of friendship and citizenship already signed by the ancestors and by the first husband, Guido di Montfort. In Virtue of the new marriage, the A. he succeeded in stipulating a treaty also with Siena, on 5 March 1294. New fears, however, for the Countess of Sovana and Pitigliano, arose when Orso Orsini also died in October 1295. Rejected an attempt by Nello de 'Pannocchieschi to revive her candidacy as a third - and this time - legitimate husband, despite sending an embassy of which Binduccio, son of the A. and del Nello himself, the Countess was induced by Pope Boniface VIII to marry a nephew, Loffredo Caetani, Sept. 19 1296, in Anagni. Marriage, however, inspired by obvious reasons 1 Neuere Literatur vgl .: Simone Collavini, The Counts Aldobrandeschi and the Valdinievole. A note on the political situation in Tuscia in the early 11th century. In: Lords and feudal lords in Valdinievole (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the meeting Gentlemen and feudal lords in the Valdinievole from the 10th to the 12th century, Buggiano 1992, pp. 101-127; Giuseppe Guerrini / Administration Provincial of Grosseto: Torri e Castelli of the province of Grosseto. Nuova Immagine Edizioni, Siena 1999; Bruno Santi (edited by): Historical-Artistic Guide to the Maremma. Nuova Immagine Edizioni, Siena 1995 1
Page 2 political dominance encompassed by Boniface VIII over the Aldobrandesca county, did not last long, since, already in February 1297, Orvieto, on the occasion of a revolt of Pitigliano against the A., sent at its own expense militias "in adiutorium comitisse", without any reference to Loffredo. Nothing more than hypothesis is given to formulate about marriage affairs of the. with the Caetani: it seems plausible, however, that the pontiff, in the desire of isolate the countess to be able to. get in full possession of his assets, take the cue from his rather troubled marital history to declare his marriage invalid with Loffredo, to whom, in 1298, he procured the hand of the Countess of Fondi, Giovanna from L'Aquila, while, on October 3 of that year, he ordered Cardinal Gerardo Bianchi, bishop of Sabina, to investigate the previous marriages of the Countess of Sovana, who she was soon declared a bigama. What is certain is that already in July 1298, the A. had to be imitates with Guido da Santaflora, his relative, to whom the Sienese, as in A., have since they are addressed in public documents, on the occasion of complaints or proposals for agreements. In the first ones months of 1299 - that is, after the previous marriage with Loffredo had been invalidated from Bonifacio VIII - the A. he was the wife of Guido, thus reconstituting, with grave danger for Siena and with implicit threat to the Papal State, the unity of the two Aldobrandeschi branches. Yes then began a real war between the Aldobrandeschi (of Sovana and Santafiora) from one side, and Siena and, secondly, Bonifacio VIII and Orvieto, on the other. Despite the apparent greater military and political weight of the group controlled by the Pope, the hostilities, after various vicissitudes, they did not end with the full success of the Sienese, because these, he realized that Boniface VIII intended to confiscate the property in his family Aldobrandeschi, they preferred a compromise with the A. and with Guido di Santafiora. Fight against Orvieto and against Bonifacio VIII ended instead in 1302 with a request of peace on the part of Guido (who died soon). The A., widowed for the third time, was private, after a brief period of truce granted to her by the Pope, engaged in the difficult vicissitudes of the war of the Vespers, of every feudal right with bull of March 3, 1303 e forced to marry Nello de 'Pannocchieschi. The papal provision was justified formally because the A. he had sold some lands to Enrico and Bonifazio of Santafiora of the abbey of S. Anastasio ad Aquas salvias , of which the emphyteusis enjoyed and which passed to the Benedict of the pontiff, Benedetto Caetani. Dead Bonifacio VIII, the A. he separated from the Pannocchieschi and took refuge in Rome with his daughters Anastasia and Maria, while the lands of the county had been run by Nello and the soldiers of Orvieto, who had been worried about the attempts made by the lord of Pietra to reconstitute the territorial unit against the Municipality of the county. In 1313 A. he went to Orvieto, on the assurance of that Municipality, to live in a building he owned; but soon he left again, citing a pretext the non-fulfillment of the Orvieto to certain agreements with her stipulated. Despite what he had done appeal to the senators of Rome, the A. he did not get Orvieto to give in and he saw before he died definitively assigned his county to Benedetto Caetani. THERE. he died in the age and place unspecified. Only legend is the tradition inspired by the famous Dante verses ( Purg .V, vv. 133 ff.) That he would like Nello de 'Pannocchieschi uxoricida in the person of Pia de' Tolomei for love of the Aldobrandeschi.
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The following is derived from a translation of this page. Anything in italics is a most likely terrible translation of Luciana Marchetti's words.

Margherita Aldobrandeschi was the daughter of Ildebrandino "the Red," Count of Pitigliano and Sovana, and was born around 1255, as she would have been about fifteen or sixteen years old when she celebrated her first marriage to Guy de Montfort in February 1270. During the battle of Gulf of Naples, Guy was captured in 1287 by the Aragonese, and he died a prsioner in Messina in 1292. Thus, Margherita was alone to face the expansionist ambitions of Siena, the traditional enemy of the Aldobrandeschi of the branch of Sovana.

Perhaps at the time of Guy de Montfort’s capture, Margherita formed a romantic relationship with Nello de’ Pannocchieschi, signore di Pietra, a region in Mermma, with whom she may have entered into a secret marriage, according to Ciacci. Presumably, this secret wedding would have occurred after the death of her first husband, but Nello was soon torn away to defend his lands against in Orbetello from Margherita’s relatives, who may have brought war into the region to separate the couple.

Whatever the relationship between Nello and Margherita, in January 1292, the Countess met with Napoleone Orsini to discuss a marriage between herself and his brother, Orsello Orsini. Her county was still threatened with invasion and this marriage would have secured her an alliance against the rebels. In early 1292, she married Orsello Orsini, and he was successful in restoring normal relations with Orvieto, renewing the vows of friendship signed before by their ancestors and Margherita’s first husband, Guy de Montfort. On the fifth of March, 1294, Osello also managed to make a treaty with Siena, which had previously desired to conquer her county. However, Margherita faced new fears and troubles when Orsello died in October 1295.

After the death of her second husband, Nello de' Pannocchieschi attempted to revive his candidacy as a third - and this time, lawful - husband for Margherita. However, despite sending a delegation to Pope Boniface VIII, his suit was rejected and Margherita was married to the Pope’s grand-nephew, Loffredo Caetani on September 19th, 1296 in Anagni. The marriage, however, was obviously part of a larger scheme designed by Boniface for political dominance over the region, and did not last long, and as early as February 1297, Orvieto, during an uprising against Pitigliano sent their military aid to the countess, without any reference to Loffredo.

The Pope, desiring to isolate the countess so as to take full possession of her property, decided to look into her somewhat turbid marital history. He sent Cardinal Gerardo Bianchi, bishop of Sabina to investigate her previous marriages and they were declared bigamous. Boniface VIII annulled Margherita’s marriage to Loffredo, and he had his nephew remarried to Giovanna d’Aquila, the Countess of Fondi. In order to protect her lands from the Pope’s scheming, Margherita married her distant cousin, Guido Aldobrandeschi di Santa Fiora, uniting the two branches of the family, thus threatening the Papal States and Siena.

This began a war between the allied Sovana and Santa Fiora branches of the Aldobrandeschi family and Siena, the Pope, and Orvieto. Despite the apparent greater military weight and political group controlled by the Pope, hostilities sparked between them when the Sienese realized that the Pope intended to annex the Aldobrandeschi lands for himself. The Sienese entered into a contract with Guido Aldobrandeschi di Santa Fiora, and he sued for peace from the Pope and Orvieto in 1302, ending the feud. However, Guido died just a little while after this treaty, and Margherita was left widowed for the third time.

Margherita retired into private life for a brief period, a respite granted by the Pope who was too engaged in the War of the Vespers to invade her territories again. However, she was soon forced to marry Nello de’ Pannocchieschi, a match the Pope supported as Nello had formally sold land to an abbey, the lease of which was passed to the Pope’s nephew, Benedetto Caetani.

Upon the death of Pope Boniface VIII, Margherita separated from Nello, taking refuge in Rome with her daughters Anastasia and Maria while her lands where ruled by Nello and the soldiers of Orvieto, who were concerned that he was was attempting to unify the territory of the county, to the detriment of the city. Nello was forced to live in a castle chosen by the Orvietani, but he soon departed, on the pretext that they had not complied with certain covenants. Margherita resorted to the senators of Rome for aid against Orvieto, but before she died she saw her county assigned permanently to Benedetto Caetani. She died sometime later, at an unspecified time and place.

There is one legend in which she features, inspired by the famous verses of Dante. It is said that Nello de’ Pannocchieschi murdered his wife, Pia de’ Tolomei to marry the widowed Margherita Aldobrandeschi, whom he had loved.

- http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/margherita-aldobrandeschi_(Dizi...

- https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margherita_Aldobrandeschi

Margherita Aldobrandeschi (Sovana, 1255 circa – ...) è stata una nobile italiana.

Biografia

L'infanzia e i primi matrimoni

Margherita era figlia di Ildebrandino Aldobrandeschi, conte di Sovana e Pitigliano, detto "il Rosso" per il carattere sanguigno e l'indomabile fede per il partito guelfo. Giovanissima venne data in moglie a Guido di Montfort, braccio destro di Carlo d'Angiò, conosciuto come uomo violento e crudele ed in seguito passato alla storia come l'autore dell'efferato delitto di Viterbo: per questo Dante, nella Divina Commedia, lo condannò alla pena riservata ai violenti. Durante la guerra contro gli Aragonesi, Guido di Montfort venne catturato e rinchiuso nel carcere di Messina, da dove non sarebbe mai più uscito vivo. Senza più notizie del marito, Margherita sposò il conte Nello Pannocchieschi, un potente cavaliere senese, braccio destro del marito a suo tempo Nello Pannocchieschi era stato infeudato dal padre di Margherita e promosso capo della lega guelfa di Toscana da Guido di Montfort. Il matrimonio venne subito annullato da Papa Bonifacio VIII per bigamia, però, in quel lasso di tempo, Margherita ebbe un figlio "illegittimo" dal Pannocchieschi, Binduccio o Bindoccio, il quale fu affidato al padre subito dopo la nascita, ma morì a Massa Marittima annegato in un pozzo all'età di tredici anni per mano di sicari.

Contessa di Sovana e Pitigliano

Con la morte del padre tutto il peso della contea ricadde sulle spalle della giovane contessa che ben presto dovette fare i conti con quanti ambivano ai suoi possedimenti. Fra questi, oltre a Siena ed Orvieto, il più intenzionato a strapparle la contea era il Papa, che non potendo agire per vie militari, costrinse Margherita a sposare suo cugino Loffredo Caetani. Ma il forte diniego di Margherita a cedere il potere indusse il Papa ad annullare anche questo matrimonio. In seguito sposò Orso Orsini, il quale però morì dopo appena due anni dal matrimonio. Senza più la protezione degli Orsini, osteggiata dal Papa e con i senesi che premevano sui confini della contea, Margherità chiese aiuto a suo cugino, il conte Guido di Santa Fiora, ghibellino e acerrimo nemico di Siena. Il matrimonio fra i due Aldobrandeschi e l'unificazione delle due contee, provocò la reazione militare di Siena.

La disfatta e gli ultimi anni

Sconfitti e rifugiati nella rocca di Radicofani, i due Aldobrandeschi resistettero strenuamente ai senesi, tanto che in una sola battaglia uccisero quattrocento soldati nemici, ma infine capitolarono per l'intervento delle truppe papaline. Catturati e ridotti in ceppi, vennero privati di tutti i loro beni. La contea di Santa Fiora passò ai senesi, mentre quella di Sovana passò sotto il controllo del Papa. Nel frattempo Nello Pannocchieschi, succube del fascino di Margherita, aveva ottenuto nel 1303 dal Papa il permesso di prenderla in moglie. Di fronte alle insistenze, Margherita accettò di sposare Nello, ma anche questo matrimonio ebbe breve durata. Stanca di tanti accadimenti, alla morte di Bonifacio VIII Margherita lasciò Castel di Pietra e si rifugiò prima a Roma e poi a Orvieto. Sono sconosciuti data e luogo di morte.

Bibliografia

• Demetrio Piccini e Giuseppe Sani, Margherita Aldobrandeschi. La vita e gli amori della Contessa di Sovana e Pitigliano