Sherira ben Hananya Gaon of Pumbeditha

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Sherira bar Hananya, Gaon of Pumbeditha

Hebrew: שרירא בן חנניה גאון, Gaon of Pumbeditha
Also Known As: "R' Shrira Gaon"
Birthdate:
Death: circa 1006 (91-109)
Pumbedita, near Faluja, Iraq
Immediate Family:

Son of Hananya haSofer of Pumbeditha ben Yehudah, haSofer of Pumbeditha and 2nd dau. Of Mar Rab Mishoi 'Sheshna'
Husband of Wife of Sherira Gaon
Father of Hai ben Sherira, Gaon v'haDayyan b'Pumbeditha; Wife of Elijah ben Menahem HaZaken) (Daughter of Sherira Gaon); 1st Wife Shmuel ben Hophni bat Sherira Gaon, of Sura; Wife R' Gershom Meor Hagola and Wife R' Abun Gaon

Occupation: rabbi
Managed by: Shmuel-Aharon Kam (Kahn / שמו...
Last Updated:

About Sherira ben Hananya Gaon of Pumbeditha

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherira_Gaon

http://www.daat.ac.il/daat/vl/shrira/shrira01.pdf

http://www.jewishgen.org/rabbinic/journal/descent_part2.htm

http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/112507/jewish/Rav-She...

http://cojs.org/cojswiki/Iggeret_Rav_Sherira_Gaon_1-2:_The_First_Ge...

----------------------------------

Rav Sherira Gaon (Hebrew: רב שרירא גאון) was the head of the yeshiva in Pumbeditha. He wrote the Iggeret Rav Sherira Gaon ("[The] Epistle of Rav Sherira Gaon"), a comprehensive history of the composition of the Talmud. One of the most prominent Geonim of his period, he was the father of Hai Gaon.

Gaon of Pumbedita; born about 900; died about 1000 (Abraham ibn Daud, "Sefer ha-Ḳabbalah," in Neubauer, "M. J. C." i. 66-67).

He was the descendant, both on his father's and his mother's side, of prominent families, several members of which had occupied the gaonate.

One of his ancestors was Rabbah b. Abuha, who himself belonged to the family of the exilarch.

Sherira boasted that his genealogy could be traced back to the pre-Bostanaian branch of that family, which, he claimed, on account of the deterioration of the exilarchate had renounced its claims thereto, preferring instead the scholar's life (Letter of Sherira Gaon, in Neubauer, l.c. i. 23, 33).

The seal of his family was a lion, which was said to have been the emblem of the Judean kings (Ibn Daud, l.c.).

The Talmud has numerous references to sages who were said to be descendants of King David or “from the House of David.” This is particularly noticeable in references to Hillel “the Elder” (circa 100 BCE), who is called a descendant of Shephatiah, son of Abital (tractates Ketubot and Taanit).

Sixteen generations of his descendants were called “Nasi” (prince) up to approximately 425 CE. The Talmud names only two or three generations of sages and is helpful in identification, but not in tracing genealogies.

An important source is Iggeret Rav Sherira Gaon (The Letter of Rabbi Sherira Gaon), written in 986 CE. This was an early responsum by the head of the Talmudic Academy of Pumbedita in Babylonia. He was one of the dynasty of exilarchs (Resh Galuta, or Prince of the Exiles), who claimed descent from King David.

The second part of the Letter discusses the exilarchs and the heads of the academies in Sura and Pumbedita. Rabbi Sherira attempts to distinguish between facts and stories and presents an early post-biblical history written largely in Aramaic. This Letter serves as a major source of the chronology and genealogy of the Geonim.

The institutions of the exilarch began with the descendants of Jehoiachin, last King of Judah, who was exiled to Babylonia. It survived until 825 CE with Jews continuing to view the exilarch as their leader for several centuries after its decline.

Sherira's important Letter brings the Davidic genealogy to his time.



"Babylonian academy head (gaon), Sherira ben Hanina came from a noble family

which claimed to trace its ancestry to King David.

Appointed gaon of the academy of Pumbedita in 968
at the age of 62, he held the position almost until his death at the age of a hundred.
He was considered the second to the last of the truly great gaonim,
his son Hai Gaon being the last."



Sherira Gaon

Sherira ben Chanina Yehuda Gaon (ca.906–1006) was a jurist descended from an exilarchic family who served as gaon of the Pumbedita yeshiva from 968 to 1004. He was the descendant, both on his father's and his mother's side, of prominent families, several members of which had occupied the gaonate. One of his ancestors was Rabbah b. Abuha, who himself belonged to the family of the exilarch. Sherira boasted that his genealogy could be traced back to the pre-Bostanaian branch of that family, which he claimed, on account of the deterioration of the exilarchate had renounced its claims thereto (Banu Tzaluba), preferring instead the scholar's life (Letter of Sherira Gaon, in Neubauer, l.c. i. 23, 33). The seal of his family was a lion, which was said to have been the emblem of the Judean kings (Ibn Daud, l.c.).

Directly prior to his appointment, the Pumbedita academy had been substantially weakened by a schism that led to the short-lived founding of a breakaway faction by Nehemiah bar Kohen Ṣedeq. In addition, throughout this period, the Babylonian academies (see Yeshivot in Babylonia/Iraq) were losing much of their influence in the Jewish communities to the west thanks to the rise of houses of study (Heb. batte midrash) there.

With the flow of financial contributions and legal inquiries to Baghdad on the wane, Sherira strove to strengthen his academy and revitalize these attenuated connections. Legal responsa, many of which survive, constituted his primary medium for such efforts. In 986, Sherira wrote an extended responsum on a series of questions addressed to him by Jacob ben Nissim ibn Shāhīn in Qayrawan concerning the evolution of the corpus of talmudic literature and the history of the geonim (see Gaon & Gaonate). This responsum, nearly fifteen thousand words in length and often referred to as his “ Epistle” (Heb. ’Iggeret), has been preserved in two recensions, each of which addresses different aspects of the oral and written redaction of the Talmud. The Epistle itself describes the history of the two competing academies of Babylonia and presents a chronology of their leaders. Much of what is says has been corroborated by independent documentary evidence, making the Epistle one of the most important works of medieval Jewish historiography. Sherira displays a clear preference for the Pumbeditan academy, portraying it as the sole surviving link with the glorious heritage of Babylonian Jewry, particularly since the Sura yeshiva was closed during much of the tenth century.

He describes the nature and composition of the Mishnah, the Tosefta, the baraitot, the Talmud, and the history of the talmudic sages (amoraim and saboraim) and the geonim up to his own time. The main questions he answers are: how and why were these works written, and who were the heads of the academies and scholars who continued the Shalshelet ha-Qabbalah (the chain of tradition) after the saboraim?

Among the many scholars who have explicitly used the Iggeret are Menahem ben Abraham ibn Zerah, Profiat Duran, and Abraham ben Samuel Zakuto. Modern scholarship is divided over the possible influence of the Iggeret on Maimonides' work and on Abraham ibn Daud's Sefer ha-Qabbalah. For modern research, the Iggeret has served as a primary source for the redactional history of the Mishnah and the chronology of the talmudic period. Although the Iggeret was written as a letter and in the style of answers to concrete questions, Sherira has traditionally been regarded as "the first Jewish 'historian' of the medieval period" (N. Roth).

Esteem for Sherira’s writings maintained the status of the Babylonian academies for a time, and played a key role in making the Babylonian Talmud the supreme source of Jewish legal authority. In addition to historiography and talmudic commentary, Sherira also took an interest in mysticism. Contrary to a talmudic ruling, he permitted the practice of addressing prayers to angels in Aramaic. Sherira assumed the headship of the Pumbeditan academy when he was more then sixty years old. In 1004, somewhat enfeebled, he abdicated in favor of his son Hay Gaon. News of his abdication spread slowly, and inquiries continued to be addressed jointly to Sherira and his son, who had been chief judge (Heb. av bet din) of the academy for some time.

Assaf, Simcha. Tequfat ha-Ge’onim ve-Sifruta (Jerusalem: Mosad Harav Kook, 1955).

Brody, Robert. The Geonim of Babylonia and the Shaping of Medieval Jewish Culture (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998).

Cohen, Gerson D. A Critical Edition with a Translation and Notes of the Book of Tradition (Sefer Ha-Qabbalah) by Abraham Ibn Daud (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1967).

Gil, Moshe. Jews in Islamic Countries in the Middle Ages (Leiden: Brill, 2004).

Ginzberg, Lous. Geonica (New York: Jewish Theological Seminary, 1909).

Lewin, Benjamin. Epistle of Sherira Gaon (Haifa: n.p., 1921) [Hebrew].

M. Schlüter, Auf welche Weise wurde die Mishna geschrieben? Das Antwortschreiben des Rav Sherira Gaon, 1993 (bibl.)

R. Brody, The Geonim of Babylonia and the Shaping of Medieval Jewish Culture, 1998.

Schlüter, Margarete. " Sherira Gaon." Religion Past and Present. Edited by Hans Dieter Betz, Don S. Browning, Bernd Janowski and , Eberhard Jüngel. Brill Online , 2012. Reference. Jim Harlow. 03 July 2012 <http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/religion-past-and-pre...>

Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman. " Sherira Gaon." Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World. Executive Editor Norman A. Stillman. Brill Online , 2012. Reference. Jim Harlow. 03 July 2012 <http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-jews-...>



Sherira bar Hanina (Hebrew: שרירא בר חנינא) more commonly known as Sherira Gaon (Hebrew: שרירא גאון; c. 906-c. 1006) was the Gaon of the Academy of Pumbeditha. He was one of the most prominent Geonim of his period, and the father of Hai Gaon, who succeeded him as Gaon. He wrote the Iggeret Rav Sherira Gaon ("[The] Epistle of Rav Sherira Gaon"), a comprehensive history of the composition of the Talmud.[1][2]

Contents 1 Life 2 His Responsa 3 His circular letter 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Life Sherira was born circa 906 C.E., the descendant, both on his father's and his mother's side, of prominent families, several members of which had occupied the gaonate. His father was Hananiah ben R. Yehudai, also a gaon. Sherira claimed descent from Rabbah b. Abuha, who belonged to the family of the exilarch, thereby claiming descent from the Davidic line. Sherira stated that his genealogy could be traced back to the pre-Bostanaian branch of that family, which, he claimed, on account of the deterioration of the exilarchate had renounced its claims thereto, preferring instead the scholar's life.[3] The seal of his family was a lion, which was said to have been the emblem of the Judean kings.[2]

Sherira officiated first as chief judge. While in that office, he refused to recognize the election of Nehemiah ben Kohen Tzedek as gaon in 960. On Nehemiah's death in 968 C.E., Sherira was elected gaon of the Academy of Pumbedita, soon after which he appointed his son, Hai, chief judge in his stead.[4]

In 997, he and his son were maliciously denounced by enemies to the caliph al-Qadir, though the nature of the accusation is unknown. He and his son were imprisoned and deprived of their property, even of the necessaries of life. Though the incarceration was brief, Sherira was now in very bad health. Sherira resigned the gaonate in 998 C.E., appointing his son as his successor.[2] Sherira died soon after, circa 1006 C.E.[5] He was the alleged father in law of Elijah ben Menahem Ha-Zaken.[6]

His Responsa As director of the academy he sought to reach pupils both near and far, and many of his responsa have been preserved in the geonic collections and in the works containing the earlier decisions. His responsa are similar to the geonic responsa in general, a majority of them dealing with questions of religious practise, though some of them contain expositions and comments on passages of the Talmud and the Mishnah.

Indeed, his literary activity was confined to Talmudic and to related subjects. He was not greatly interested in Arabic literature, although he knew enough Arabic to be able to write in that language those of his decisions that were addressed to communities in Muslim countries. Generally he preferred to use Hebrew or Aramaic for that purpose.

Sherira was noted for the nobility and seriousness of his character. As a judge he endeavored to arrive at the exact facts of a case and to render his decisions in strict conformity with the Law. In deciding practical questions he adopted the more rigorous view, following the letter of the Talmud with the purpose of upholding and emphasizing its authority against the attacks of the Karaites. He frequently formulates in his responsa rules which are highly important for the correct interpretation of the Talmud. For instance, he declares that the term "mitzvah" designates in some passages a command that may not be broken with impunity, but in other passages denotes merely an admonition with which it would be commendable to comply, but which may be disregarded without fear of punishment.[7]

Sherira is thought by some to have been a student of kabbalistic mysticism; but when asked about the mystical works "Shi'ur Komah" and "Hekalot" and whether they represented ancient traditions (originating with R. Ishmael and R. Akiva), he replied in a responsum[8] that the passage in "Shi'ur Ḳomah" ascribing human organs to God embodies profound mysteries, but must not be taken literally. Sherira wrote a work on the Talmud, under the title "Megillat Setarim." In this work he seems to have discussed the importance of the aggadah;[9] but the portion of the work containing his opinions on this subject has been lost.

His circular letter Main article: Iggeret of Rabbi Sherira Gaon Sherira's seminal work for which he is most renowned is his Epistle, or Iggeret, written to Rabbi Jacob ben Nissim of Kairouan, and where he addressed the question of how the Talmud was formulated, and brings down a chronological list of the geonim who officiated in Babylonia during the period of the Exilarchs (Resh Galutha). This Iggeret is considered by many to be one of the classics in Jewish historiography.[10]

See also Geonim References

Trans. Nosson Dovid Rabinowich,The Iggeres of Rav Sherira Gaon (Jerusalem: Moznaim, 1988) OCLC 20044324 , p. xx
Abraham ibn Daud, "Sefer ha-Ḳabbalah," in Adolf Neubauer, "Medieval Jewish Chronicles" (Oxford, 1887) ISBN 1-145-09335-3, i. 66-67
Letter of Sherira Gaon, in Neubauer, l.c. i. 23, 33
Sherira, l.c. i. 41
Abraham ibn Daud, "Sefer ha-Ḳabbalah," in Adolf Neubauer, "Medieval Jewish Chronicles" (Oxford, 1887) ISBN 1-145-09335-3, i. 66-67, according to Weiss's emendation in "Dor," v. 174
"ELIJAH BEN MENAHEM HA-ZAḲEN - JewishEncyclopedia.com" . www.jewishencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
"Teshubot Ge'one Mizraḥ u-Ma'arab," No. 141, in "Bet Talmud," iv. 351
"Sha'are Teshubah," No. 122
Aboab, introduction to "Menorat ha-Ma'or"
Gaon, Sherira (1988). The Iggeres of Rav Sherira Gaon. Translated by Nosson Dovid Rabinowich. Jerusalem: Rabbi Jacob Joseph School Press - Ahavath Torah Institute Moznaim. p. Preface. OCLC 923562173 .
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "SHERIRA B. ḤANINA". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.

Brody, Robert, The Geonim of Babylonia and the Shaping of Medieval Jewish Culture, Yale University Press 1998, repr. 2012: ISBN 978-0300189322 David J. E, “‘As it was Written in the Book of Adam’ The Chronology of the Halakhah and the Mythical Perception of History in the Late Pumbeditian Thought” Tarbitz, 74:2 (2006).(Heb.) External links Lecture on Rav Sherira Gaon

by Dr. Henry Abramson Lecture, Henry Abramson: Letter of Rav Sherira Gaon (First Person Accounts in Jewish History)
on YouTube, Jan 2020. Iggeret Rav Sherira Gaon , Da'at Encyclopedia (in Hebrew) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherira_Gaon


source: Sherira ben Hananya Gaon of Pumbeditha

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherira_Gaon

http://www.daat.ac.il/daat/vl/shrira/shrira01.pdf

http://www.jewishgen.org/rabbinic/journal/descent_part2.htm

http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/112507/jewish/Rav-She...

http://cojs.org/cojswiki/Iggeret_Rav_Sherira_Gaon_1-2:_The_First_Ge...

----------------------------------

Rav Sherira Gaon (Hebrew: רב שרירא גאון) was the head of the yeshiva in Pumbeditha. He wrote the Iggeret Rav Sherira Gaon ("[The] Epistle of Rav Sherira Gaon"), a comprehensive history of the composition of the Talmud. One of the most prominent Geonim of his period, he was the father of Hai Gaon.

Gaon of Pumbedita; born about 900; died about 1000 (Abraham ibn Daud, "Sefer ha-Ḳabbalah," in Neubauer, "M. J. C." i. 66-67).

He was the descendant, both on his father's and his mother's side, of prominent families, several members of which had occupied the gaonate.

One of his ancestors was Rabbah b. Abuha, who himself belonged to the family of the exilarch.

Sherira boasted that his genealogy could be traced back to the pre-Bostanaian branch of that family, which, he claimed, on account of the deterioration of the exilarchate had renounced its claims thereto, preferring instead the scholar's life (Letter of Sherira Gaon, in Neubauer, l.c. i. 23, 33).

The seal of his family was a lion, which was said to have been the emblem of the Judean kings (Ibn Daud, l.c.).

The Talmud has numerous references to sages who were said to be descendants of King David or “from the House of David.” This is particularly noticeable in references to Hillel “the Elder” (circa 100 BCE), who is called a descendant of Shephatiah, son of Abital (tractates Ketubot and Taanit).

Sixteen generations of his descendants were called “Nasi” (prince) up to approximately 425 CE. The Talmud names only two or three generations of sages and is helpful in identification, but not in tracing genealogies.

An important source is Iggeret Rav Sherira Gaon (The Letter of Rabbi Sherira Gaon), written in 986 CE. This was an early responsum by the head of the Talmudic Academy of Pumbedita in Babylonia. He was one of the dynasty of exilarchs (Resh Galuta, or Prince of the Exiles), who claimed descent from King David.

The second part of the Letter discusses the exilarchs and the heads of the academies in Sura and Pumbedita. Rabbi Sherira attempts to distinguish between facts and stories and presents an early post-biblical history written largely in Aramaic. This Letter serves as a major source of the chronology and genealogy of the Geonim.

The institutions of the exilarch began with the descendants of Jehoiachin, last King of Judah, who was exiled to Babylonia. It survived until 825 CE with Jews continuing to view the exilarch as their leader for several centuries after its decline.

Sherira's important Letter brings the Davidic genealogy to his time. -------------------- "Babylonian academy head (gaon), Sherira ben Hanina came from a noble family

which claimed to trace its ancestry to King David.

Appointed gaon of the academy of Pumbedita in 968

at the age of 62, he held the position almost until his death at the age of a hundred.

He was considered the second to the last of the truly great gaonim,

his son Hai Gaon being the last."


Sherira Gaon

Sherira ben Chanina Yehuda Gaon (ca.906–1006) was a jurist descended from an exilarchic family who served as gaon of the Pumbedita yeshiva from 968 to 1004. He was the descendant, both on his father's and his mother's side, of prominent families, several members of which had occupied the gaonate. One of his ancestors was Rabbah b. Abuha, who himself belonged to the family of the exilarch. Sherira boasted that his genealogy could be traced back to the pre-Bostanaian branch of that family, which he claimed, on account of the deterioration of the exilarchate had renounced its claims thereto (Banu Tzaluba), preferring instead the scholar's life (Letter of Sherira Gaon, in Neubauer, l.c. i. 23, 33). The seal of his family was a lion, which was said to have been the emblem of the Judean kings (Ibn Daud, l.c.).

Directly prior to his appointment, the Pumbedita academy had been substantially weakened by a schism that led to the short-lived founding of a breakaway faction by Nehemiah bar Kohen Ṣedeq. In addition, throughout this period, the Babylonian academies (see Yeshivot in Babylonia/Iraq) were losing much of their influence in the Jewish communities to the west thanks to the rise of houses of study (Heb. batte midrash) there.

With the flow of financial contributions and legal inquiries to Baghdad on the wane, Sherira strove to strengthen his academy and revitalize these attenuated connections. Legal responsa, many of which survive, constituted his primary medium for such efforts. In 986, Sherira wrote an extended responsum on a series of questions addressed to him by Jacob ben Nissim ibn Shāhīn in Qayrawan concerning the evolution of the corpus of talmudic literature and the history of the geonim (see Gaon & Gaonate). This responsum, nearly fifteen thousand words in length and often referred to as his “ Epistle” (Heb. ’Iggeret), has been preserved in two recensions, each of which addresses different aspects of the oral and written redaction of the Talmud. The Epistle itself describes the history of the two competing academies of Babylonia and presents a chronology of their leaders. Much of what is says has been corroborated by independent documentary evidence, making the Epistle one of the most important works of medieval Jewish historiography. Sherira displays a clear preference for the Pumbeditan academy, portraying it as the sole surviving link with the glorious heritage of Babylonian Jewry, particularly since the Sura yeshiva was closed during much of the tenth century.

He describes the nature and composition of the Mishnah, the Tosefta, the baraitot, the Talmud, and the history of the talmudic sages (amoraim and saboraim) and the geonim up to his own time. The main questions he answers are: how and why were these works written, and who were the heads of the academies and scholars who continued the Shalshelet ha-Qabbalah (the chain of tradition) after the saboraim?

Among the many scholars who have explicitly used the Iggeret are Menahem ben Abraham ibn Zerah, Profiat Duran, and Abraham ben Samuel Zakuto. Modern scholarship is divided over the possible influence of the Iggeret on Maimonides' work and on Abraham ibn Daud's Sefer ha-Qabbalah. For modern research, the Iggeret has served as a primary source for the redactional history of the Mishnah and the chronology of the talmudic period. Although the Iggeret was written as a letter and in the style of answers to concrete questions, Sherira has traditionally been regarded as "the first Jewish 'historian' of the medieval period" (N. Roth).

Esteem for Sherira’s writings maintained the status of the Babylonian academies for a time, and played a key role in making the Babylonian Talmud the supreme source of Jewish legal authority. In addition to historiography and talmudic commentary, Sherira also took an interest in mysticism. Contrary to a talmudic ruling, he permitted the practice of addressing prayers to angels in Aramaic. Sherira assumed the headship of the Pumbeditan academy when he was more then sixty years old. In 1004, somewhat enfeebled, he abdicated in favor of his son Hay Gaon. News of his abdication spread slowly, and inquiries continued to be addressed jointly to Sherira and his son, who had been chief judge (Heb. av bet din) of the academy for some time.

Assaf, Simcha. Tequfat ha-Ge’onim ve-Sifruta (Jerusalem: Mosad Harav Kook, 1955).

Brody, Robert. The Geonim of Babylonia and the Shaping of Medieval Jewish Culture (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998).

Cohen, Gerson D. A Critical Edition with a Translation and Notes of the Book of Tradition (Sefer Ha-Qabbalah) by Abraham Ibn Daud (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1967).

Gil, Moshe. Jews in Islamic Countries in the Middle Ages (Leiden: Brill, 2004).

Ginzberg, Lous. Geonica (New York: Jewish Theological Seminary, 1909).

Lewin, Benjamin. Epistle of Sherira Gaon (Haifa: n.p., 1921) [Hebrew].

M. Schlüter, Auf welche Weise wurde die Mishna geschrieben? Das Antwortschreiben des Rav Sherira Gaon, 1993 (bibl.)

R. Brody, The Geonim of Babylonia and the Shaping of Medieval Jewish Culture, 1998.

Schlüter, Margarete. " Sherira Gaon." Religion Past and Present. Edited by Hans Dieter Betz, Don S. Browning, Bernd Janowski and , Eberhard Jüngel. Brill Online , 2012. Reference. Jim Harlow. 03 July 2012 <http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/religion-past-and-pre...>

Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman. " Sherira Gaon." Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World. Executive Editor Norman A. Stillman. Brill Online , 2012. Reference. Jim Harlow. 03 July 2012 <http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-jews-...>

About ‎הרב שרירא גאון מפומפדיתא (עברית)

רב שרירא גאון

' (ד'תרס"ו, 906 - ד'תשס"ו, 1006) היה ראש ישיבת פומבדיתא ונפטר כבן מאה שנים. בנו היה רב האי גאון.

רב שרירא גאון בר חנינא, שהיה נצר לשושלת ראשי הגולה המיוחסת לדוד המלך, מונה כראש הישיבה בפומבדיתא בשנת ד'תשכ"ח 968, והחליף בתפקיד זה את רב נחמיה גאון בר רב כהן צדק. את תפקידו הקודם כאב בית דין מילא בנו, רב האי גאון שלימים ירש אותו בחייו כראש ישיבה, אך עזר לו בניהול הישיבה גם לפני כן.

תוכן עניינים 1 ייחוסו 2 סוף ימיו 3 כתביו 3.1 אגרת רב שרירא גאון 3.2 איגרת שנייה 3.3 תשובות רש"ג 3.4 פירושים 4 צאצאיו 5 ראו גם 6 לקריאה נוספת 7 קישורים חיצוניים 8 הערות שוליים ייחוסו משפחתו של רב שרירא הייתה משפחת ראשי הגולה שבבבל, אבל אבות אבותיו עברו אל הישיבה וויתרו על הנשיאות. ממשפחה זו יצאו כמה גאונים, אבות בית דין, ראשי כלה, סופרים ונושאי תפקידים אחרים בישיבה. אביו רב חנניה וסבו רב יהודה היו גם הם גאונים בישיבת פומבדיתא.

באיגרתו, מציין רב שרירא את ייחוסו לבית דוד המלך, וכן לאמורא רבה בר אבוה, תלמידו של רב.

תקופת חייו של הרב רב שרירא גאון על ציר הזמן ציר הזמן

סוף ימיו אחרי 30 שנות גאונות כראש ישיבת פומבדיתא התפטר מתפקידו בד'תשנ"ח (998) כשהיה בן קרוב למאה שנים ומינה את בנו רב האי גאון לממלא מקומו (בשנות 1004–1038)[1].

יהודים הלשינו עליו ועל בנו לפני הח'ליפה אל-כדיר על קיום קשרים עם יושבי הארצות האויבות, שהיו שרויות במלחמות נגד הח'ליפות, כמו מדינות צפון אפריקה, פרס, ספרד וביזנטיון (ביזנץ). לישיבת פומבדיתא התקבלו תלמידים רבים מהארצות האלו, ובין רב שרירא ובנו ליושבי הארצות האלו היו חילופי מכתבים ושו"ת. לכן אפשר היה להאשים אותם בקלות במזימה פוליטית. הח'ליפה ציווה לכלוא אותם ולהחרים את רכושם. בסופו של דבר רב האי זוכה, אך רב שרירא נחשב לאשם והמשיך לשבת בכלא ורכושו הוחרם. הדבר פגע בבריאותו של רב שרירא, והוא חלה ונפטר לאחר 8 שנים.

ייתכן שזו הסיבה שרב שרירא התפטר מראשות הישיבה ומינה את בנו במקומו. אך ייתכן שהדבר היה קודם ההלשנה ורב שרירא התפטר ממשרתו בגלל זקנותו.

כתביו אגרת רב שרירא גאון Postscript-viewer-shaded.png ערך מורחב – אגרת רב שרירא גאון איגרתו המפורסמת - איגרת רב שרירא גאון (רש"ג) - נכתבה סביב שנת ד'תשמ"ז (987) אל רבי יעקב בן נסים, מחכמי קירואן, כתשובה לשאלתו על השתלשלות התורה שבעל-פה מימי התנאים, האמוראים, הסבוראים והגאונים עד ימיו.

איגרת זו מהווה מקור מידע מרכזי, ובפרטים רבים בלעדי, על התקופות בהן היא עוסקת ותיארוכן. האיגרת סוקרת את סדרי הזמנים ודרך העריכה של המשנה, הברייתות והתלמוד, וכן סוקרת את תקופת הגאונים. האיגרת מסדרת את לוח הזמנים בו פעלו התנאים, האמוראים, הסבוראים ודורות הגאונים עד זמנו של רב שרירא.

איגרת שנייה בנוסף לאיגרת הראשונה כתב איגרת נוספת ששלח לרב נסים בן יעקב, ובה פירש את התארים הנהוגים בתלמוד ושמות של חלק מהאמוראים.

תשובות רש"ג לפתחו של רב שרירא באו שאלות רבות, מן הפזורה היהודית, בארצות המערב ואף מן המזרח (הודו), שעסקו בעיקר בנושאי הלכה, ואף בנושאי אגדה, אמונה וקבלה. רב שרירא השתדל לענות לכל שואל, ואיגרות רבות נשלחו בשמו. באיגרותיו, מלבד התשובות ההלכתיות, שזר רב שרירא פירושים לפסוקים ולסוגיות תלמודיות.

פירושים חיבר פירושים שונים, הן למקרא והן לתלמוד, ואף כי הפירושים עצמם אבדו, הרי יש ציטוטים מהם והתייחסות אליהם בכתבים אחרים (למשל אצל הרד"ק).

צאצאיו בנו של רבי שרירא גאון היה רב האי גאון, שחיבר עמו תשובות הלכתיות רבות.

ראו גם אגרת רב שרירא גאון גאונים ישיבת פומבדיתא רב האי גאון לקריאה נוספת הרב ד"ר בנימין מנשה לוין, ‏רב שרירא גאון , יפו, תרע"ז, באתר HebrewBooks יעקב נחום אפשטיין, מבואות לספרות האמוראים, ירושלים ותל אביב תשכ"ג, עמ' 610-615. יוסף א' דוד,"'כדמפרש בספרו של אדם הראשון' - תולדות ההלכה והתפיסה המיתית של ההיסטוריה אצל אחרוני גאוני פומבדיתא", תרביץ עד, ב', (תשס"ו). קישורים חיצוניים רב שרירא גאון

באנציקלופדיה יהודית דעת רשימת פרסומים על רב שרירא גאון
באתר הספרייה הלאומית רשימת מאמרים על רב שרירא גאון
באתר רמב"י הרב ד"ר בנימין מנשה לוין, רב שרירא , באתר דעת חיבוריו

איגרת רב שרירא גאון , באתר "דעת" קובץ PDF (סדר החכמים וקורות העתים, אוקספורד תרח"מ 1888) מהדורת דוב בער גאלדבערג, ‏אגרת רב שרירא גאון , מאיינץ (מיינץ), תרל"ג / 1873, באתר HebrewBooks מהדורה מדעית על ידי הרב ד"ר בנימין מנשה לוין, ‏אגרת רב שרירא גאון , חיפה, תרפ"א / 1921, באתר HebrewBooks אגרת רב שרירא גאון - מהדורה חדשה , קריית אתא, תשס"ט. כתב יד, אגרת רב שרירא גאון, ברלין, מאה 11 , באתר הספרייה הלאומית הערות שוליים

צבי גרונר, ‏המגרב וישיבות הגאונים בבבל בראי ספרות השאלות והתשובות (במאות הט'-הי"א) , פעמים 38, תשמ"ט, עמ' 50 https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A8...


רב שרירא גאון (ד'תרס"ו, 906 - ד'תשס"ו, 1006) היה ראש ישיבת פומבדיתא ונפטר כבן מאה שנים. בנו היה רב האי גאון.

רב שרירא גאון בר חנינא, שהיה נצר לשושלת ראשי הגולה המיוחסת לדוד המלך, מונה כראש הישיבה בפומבדיתא בשנת ד'תשכ"ח 968, והחליף בתפקיד זה את רב נחמיה גאון בר רב כהן צדק. את תפקידו הקודם כאב בית דין מילא בנו, רב האי גאון שלימים ירש אותו בחייו כראש ישיבה, אך עזר לו בניהול הישיבה גם לפני כן.

תוכן עניינים 1 ייחוסו 2 סוף ימיו 3 כתביו 3.1 אגרת רב שרירא גאון 3.2 איגרת שנייה 3.3 תשובות רש"ג 3.4 פירושים 4 צאצאיו 5 ראו גם 6 לקריאה נוספת 7 קישורים חיצוניים 8 הערות שוליים ייחוסו משפחתו של רב שרירא הייתה משפחת ראשי הגולה שבבבל, אבל אבות אבותיו עברו אל הישיבה וויתרו על הנשיאות. ממשפחה זו יצאו כמה גאונים, אבות בית דין, ראשי כלה, סופרים ונושאי תפקידים אחרים בישיבה. אביו רב חנניה וסבו רב יהודה היו גם הם גאונים בישיבת פומבדיתא.

באיגרתו, מציין רב שרירא את ייחוסו לבית דוד המלך, וכן לאמורא רבה בר אבוה, תלמידו של רב.

תקופת חייו של הרב רב שרירא גאון על ציר הזמן ציר הזמן

סוף ימיו אחרי 30 שנות גאונות כראש ישיבת פומבדיתא התפטר מתפקידו בד'תשנ"ח (998) כשהיה בן קרוב למאה שנים ומינה את בנו רב האי גאון לממלא מקומו (בשנות 1004–1038)[1].

יהודים הלשינו עליו ועל בנו לפני הח'ליפה אל-כדיר על קיום קשרים עם יושבי הארצות האויבות, שהיו שרויות במלחמות נגד הח'ליפות, כמו מדינות צפון אפריקה, פרס, ספרד וביזנטיון (ביזנץ). לישיבת פומבדיתא התקבלו תלמידים רבים מהארצות האלו, ובין רב שרירא ובנו ליושבי הארצות האלו היו חילופי מכתבים ושו"ת. לכן אפשר היה להאשים אותם בקלות במזימה פוליטית. הח'ליפה ציווה לכלוא אותם ולהחרים את רכושם. בסופו של דבר רב האי זוכה, אך רב שרירא נחשב לאשם והמשיך לשבת בכלא ורכושו הוחרם. הדבר פגע בבריאותו של רב שרירא, והוא חלה ונפטר לאחר 8 שנים.

ייתכן שזו הסיבה שרב שרירא התפטר מראשות הישיבה ומינה את בנו במקומו. אך ייתכן שהדבר היה קודם ההלשנה ורב שרירא התפטר ממשרתו בגלל זקנותו.

כתביו אגרת רב שרירא גאון Postscript-viewer-shaded.png ערך מורחב – אגרת רב שרירא גאון איגרתו המפורסמת - איגרת רב שרירא גאון (רש"ג) - נכתבה סביב שנת ד'תשמ"ז (987) אל רבי יעקב בן נסים, מחכמי קירואן, כתשובה לשאלתו על השתלשלות התורה שבעל-פה מימי התנאים, האמוראים, הסבוראים והגאונים עד ימיו.

איגרת זו מהווה מקור מידע מרכזי, ובפרטים רבים בלעדי, על התקופות בהן היא עוסקת ותיארוכן. האיגרת סוקרת את סדרי הזמנים ודרך העריכה של המשנה, הברייתות והתלמוד, וכן סוקרת את תקופת הגאונים. האיגרת מסדרת את לוח הזמנים בו פעלו התנאים, האמוראים, הסבוראים ודורות הגאונים עד זמנו של רב שרירא.

איגרת שנייה בנוסף לאיגרת הראשונה כתב איגרת נוספת ששלח לרב נסים בן יעקב, ובה פירש את התארים הנהוגים בתלמוד ושמות של חלק מהאמוראים.

תשובות רש"ג לפתחו של רב שרירא באו שאלות רבות, מן הפזורה היהודית, בארצות המערב ואף מן המזרח (הודו), שעסקו בעיקר בנושאי הלכה, ואף בנושאי אגדה, אמונה וקבלה. רב שרירא השתדל לענות לכל שואל, ואיגרות רבות נשלחו בשמו. באיגרותיו, מלבד התשובות ההלכתיות, שזר רב שרירא פירושים לפסוקים ולסוגיות תלמודיות.

פירושים חיבר פירושים שונים, הן למקרא והן לתלמוד, ואף כי הפירושים עצמם אבדו, הרי יש ציטוטים מהם והתייחסות אליהם בכתבים אחרים (למשל אצל הרד"ק).

צאצאיו בנו של רבי שרירא גאון היה רב האי גאון, שחיבר עמו תשובות הלכתיות רבות.

ראו גם אגרת רב שרירא גאון גאונים ישיבת פומבדיתא רב האי גאון לקריאה נוספת הרב ד"ר בנימין מנשה לוין, ‏רב שרירא גאון , יפו, תרע"ז, באתר HebrewBooks יעקב נחום אפשטיין, מבואות לספרות האמוראים, ירושלים ותל אביב תשכ"ג, עמ' 610-615. יוסף א' דוד,"'כדמפרש בספרו של אדם הראשון' - תולדות ההלכה והתפיסה המיתית של ההיסטוריה אצל אחרוני גאוני פומבדיתא", תרביץ עד, ב', (תשס"ו). קישורים חיצוניים רב שרירא גאון

באנציקלופדיה יהודית דעת רשימת פרסומים על רב שרירא גאון
באתר הספרייה הלאומית רשימת מאמרים על רב שרירא גאון
באתר רמב"י הרב ד"ר בנימין מנשה לוין, רב שרירא , באתר דעת חיבוריו

איגרת רב שרירא גאון , באתר "דעת" קובץ PDF (סדר החכמים וקורות העתים, אוקספורד תרח"מ 1888) מהדורת דוב בער גאלדבערג, ‏אגרת רב שרירא גאון , מאיינץ (מיינץ), תרל"ג / 1873, באתר HebrewBooks מהדורה מדעית על ידי הרב ד"ר בנימין מנשה לוין, ‏אגרת רב שרירא גאון , חיפה, תרפ"א / 1921, באתר HebrewBooks אגרת רב שרירא גאון - מהדורה חדשה , קריית אתא, תשס"ט. כתב יד, אגרת רב שרירא גאון, ברלין, מאה 11 , באתר הספרייה הלאומית https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A8...