William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl_of_Rosse

William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse KP PRS HonFRSE (17 June 1800 – 31 October 1867), was an Anglo-Irish astronomer, naturalist, and engineer. He was President of the Royal Society (UK), the most important association of naturalists in the world in the nineteenth century. He built several giant telescopes. His 72-inch telescope, built in 1845 and colloquially known as the "Leviathan of Parsonstown", was the world's largest telescope, in terms of aperture size, until the early 20th century. From April 1807 until February 1841, he was styled as Baron Oxmantown.

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Parsons-10042

http://thepeerage.com/p1279.htm#i12787

"...He was born in Yorkshire, England, in the city of York. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and Oxford University's Magdalen College, graduating with first-class honors in mathematics during 1822. He inherited an earldom and a large estate in King's County (now County Offaly) in Ireland when his father Lawrence Parsons, 2nd Earl of Rosse died during 1841..."

Family:

Rosse married Mary Field, daughter of John Wilmer Field, on 14 April 1836. They had four children:

1. Lawrence Parsons, 4th Earl of Rosse (17 November 1840 – 30 August 1908).
2. Reverend Randal Parsons (26 April 1848 – 15 November 1936).
3. Hon. Richard Clere Parsons (21 February 1851 – 26 January 1923), apparently become known for developing railways in South America.
4. Sir Charles Algernon Parsons (13 June 1854 – 11 February 1931), is known for inventing the steam turbine.

"...In addition to his astronomical interests, Rosse served as an Member of Parliament (MP) for King's County from 1821 to 1834, an Irish representative peer after 1845, president of the Royal Society (1848–1854), and chancellor of Trinity College, Dublin (1862–1867)...."

SOURCE: Wikipedia contributors, 'William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse', Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 9 July 2011, 15:08 UTC, <http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl...> [accessed 13 July 2011]

Other References

• Waterston, Charles D; Macmillan Shearer, A (July 2006). Biographical index of former fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1783-2002: Biographical Index. II. Edinburgh: The Royal Society of Edinburgh. ISBN 978-0-902198-84-5. page 717
• Burke, Bernard, Sir. A genealogical and heraldic dictionary of the peerage and baronetage of the British Empire. London : Harrison 1869. page 959

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GEDCOM Note

≤div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia≤/div> ≤table class="infobox vcard" style="width: 22em;"> ≤tbody> ≤tr>≤th style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;" colspan="2">≤span class="fn">The Earl of Rosse≤/span>≤br /> ≤span class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: small;">≤span style="font-size: 100%;">≤a class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of St Patrick" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_St_Patrick">KP≤/a> ≤a class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Royal Society" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Royal_Society">PRS≤/a>≤/span>≤/span>≤/th>≤/tr> ≤tr> ≤td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 0.5em;" colspan="2">≤a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl_of_Ros...">≤img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/William_P..." alt="William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse photo.jpg" width="200" height="223" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="395" />≤/a> ≤div>William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse≤/div> ≤/td> ≤/tr> ≤tr>≤th scope="row">Born≤/th> ≤td>17 June 1800≤br /> ≤a title="York" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York">York≤/a>≤/td> ≤/tr> ≤tr>≤th scope="row">Died≤/th> ≤td>31 October 1867 (aged 67)≤br /> ≤a title="Monkstown, County Dublin" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkstown,_County_Dublin">Monkstown, County Dublin≤/a>≤/td> ≤/tr> ≤tr>≤th scope="row">Fields≤/th> ≤td class="category">≤a title="Astronomy" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy">Astronomy≤/a>≤/td> ≤/tr> ≤tr>≤th scope="row">Known for≤/th> ≤td>≤a title="Telescope" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope">telescope≤/a>≤/td> ≤/tr> ≤tr>≤th scope="row">Notable awards≤/th> ≤td>≤a title="Royal Medal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Medal">Royal Medal≤/a> ≤small>(1851)≤/small>≤/td> ≤/tr> ≤/tbody> ≤/table> ≤p>≤strong>William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse≤/strong> ≤span style="font-size: 85%;">≤a class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of St Patrick" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_St_Patrick">KP≤/a> ≤a class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Royal Society" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Royal_Society">PRS≤/a>≤/span> (17 June 1800 – 31 October 1867) was an ≤a class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Irish" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Irish">Anglo-Irish≤/a> astronomer who had several telescopes built.≤sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference">≤a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl_of_Rosse#ci...">[1]≤/a>≤/sup> His 72-inch telescope, built in 1845 and colloquially known as the "≤a title="Leviathan of Parsonstown" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leviathan_of_Parsonstown">Leviathan of Parsonstown≤/a>", was the world's largest telescope, in terms of aperture size, until the early 20th century.≤sup id="cite_ref-amazing-space.stsci.edu_2-0" class="reference">≤a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl_of_Rosse#ci...">[2]≤/a>≤/sup> From 1807 until 1841, he was≤a title="Style (manner of address)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_%28manner_of_address%29">styled≤/a> as ≤strong>Baron Oxmantown≤/strong>.≤/p> ≤div id="toc" class="toc"> ≤div id="toctitle" class="toctitle"> ≤h2>Contents≤/h2> ≤/div> ≤/div> ≤div id="toc" class="toc"> ≤ul> ≤li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1">≤a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl_of_Rosse#Life">≤span class="tocnumber">1≤/span> ≤span class="toctext">Life≤/span>≤/a>≤/li> ≤li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2">≤a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl_of_Rosse#Sc...">≤span class="tocnumber">2≤/span> ≤span class="toctext">Scientific studies≤/span>≤/a>≤/li> ≤li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3">≤a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl_of_Rosse#Lo...">≤span class="tocnumber">3≤/span> ≤span class="toctext">Lord Rosse's telescopes≤/span>≤/a>≤/li> ≤li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4">≤a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl_of_Rosse#Re...">≤span class="tocnumber">4≤/span> ≤span class="toctext">References≤/span>≤/a>≤/li> ≤li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5">≤a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl_of_Rosse#Ex...">≤span class="tocnumber">5≤/span> ≤span class="toctext">External links≤/span>≤/a>≤/li> ≤/ul> ≤/div> ≤h2>≤span id="Life" class="mw-headline">Life≤/span>≤/h2> ≤p>He was born in ≤a title="Yorkshire" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkshire">Yorkshire≤/a>, England, in the city of ≤a title="York" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York">York≤/a>, the son of a future Irish peer.≤sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference">≤a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl_of_Rosse#ci...">[3]≤/a>≤/sup> He was educated, as Lord Oxmantown, at ≤a title="Trinity College, Dublin" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_College,_Dublin">Trinity College, Dublin≤/a>, and Oxford University's ≤a title="Magdalen College, Oxford" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalen_College,_Oxford">Magdalen College≤/a>, graduating with first-class honours in mathematics in 1822. He inherited an ≤a class="mw-redirect" title="Earldom" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earldom">earldom≤/a> and a large estate in ≤a title="County Offaly" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Offaly">King's County≤/a> (now County Offaly) in Ireland when his father, ≤a title="Lawrence Parsons, 2nd Earl of Rosse" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Parsons,_2nd_Earl_of_Rosse">Lawrence, 2nd Earl of Rosse≤/a>, died in 1841.≤/p> ≤p>Lord Rosse married ≤a title="Mary Rosse" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Rosse">Mary Field≤/a>, daughter of John Wilmer Field, on 14 April 1836. They had a total of thirteen children, but only four sons survived to adulthood:≤sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference">≤a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl_of_Rosse#ci...">[4]≤/a>≤/sup>≤/p> ≤ul> ≤li>≤a title="Lawrence Parsons, 4th Earl of Rosse" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Parsons,_4th_Earl_of_Rosse">Lawrence, 4th Earl of Rosse≤/a> (known as Baron Oxmantown until 1867; 17 November 1840 – 30 August 1908).≤/li> ≤li>≤a title="The Reverend" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Reverend">The Rev.≤/a> Randal Parsons (26 April 1848 – 15 November 1936).≤/li> ≤li>≤a title="The Honourable" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Honourable">The Hon.≤/a> Richard Clere Parsons (21 February 1851 – 26 January 1923), apparently known for developing railways in South America.≤/li> ≤li>≤a title="The Honourable" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Honourable">The Hon.≤/a> ≤a class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Charles Algernon Parsons" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Charles_Algernon_Parsons">Sir Charles Algernon Parsons≤/a> (13 June 1854 – 11 February 1931), known for inventing the ≤a title="Steam turbine" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbine">steam turbine≤/a>.≤/li> ≤/ul> ≤p>In addition to his astronomical interests, Rosse served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for ≤a title="King's County (UK Parliament constituency)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_County_%28UK_Parliament_cons...">King's County≤/a> from 1821 to 1834, president of the ≤a title="British Science Association" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Science_Association">British Association≤/a> in 1843–1844,≤sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference">≤a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl_of_Rosse#ci...">[5]≤/a>≤/sup> an ≤a class="mw-redirect" title="Peers and Parliament" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peers_and_Parliament">Irish representative peer≤/a> after 1845, president of the ≤a title="Royal Society" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society">Royal Society≤/a> (1848–1854), and chancellor of ≤a title="Trinity College, Dublin" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_College,_Dublin">Trinity College, Dublin≤/a> (1862–1867).≤/p> ≤h2>≤span id="Scientific_studies" class="mw-headline">Scientific studies≤/span>≤/h2> ≤p>During the 1840s, he had the ≤a title="Leviathan of Parsonstown" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leviathan_of_Parsonstown">Leviathan of Parsonstown≤/a> built, a 72-inch (6 feet/1.83 m) telescope at ≤a title="Birr Castle" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birr_Castle">Birr Castle≤/a>, ≤a title="Birr, County Offaly" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birr,_County_Offaly">Parsonstown≤/a>, County Offaly. The 72-inch (1.8 m) telescope replaced a 36-inch (910 mm) telescope that he had built previously. He had to invent many of the techniques he used for constructing the Leviathan, both because its size was without precedent and because earlier telescope builders had guarded their secrets or had simply failed to publish their methods. Details of the metal, casting, grinding and polishing of the 3-ton 'speculum' were presented in 1844 at the ≤a title="Belfast Natural History Society" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belfast_Natural_History_Society">Belfast Natural History Society≤/a>.≤sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference">≤a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl_of_Rosse#ci...">[6]≤/a>≤/sup> Rosse's telescope was considered a marvellous technical and architectural achievement, and images of it were circulated widely within the British commonwealth. Building of the Leviathan began in 1842 and it was first used in 1845; regular use waited another two years, due to the ≤a title="Great Famine (Ireland)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Famine_%28Ireland%29">Great Irish Famine≤/a>. It was the world's largest telescope, in terms of aperture size, until the early 20th century. Using this telescope Rosse saw and catalogued a large number of nebulae (including a number that would later be recognised as galaxies).≤/p> ≤div class="thumb tleft"> ≤div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">≤aclass="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M51Sketch.jpg">≤img class="thumbimage" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/M51Sketch..." alt="" width="220" height="181" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="412" />≤/a> ≤div class="thumbcaption"> ≤/div> ≤/div> ≤/div> ≤div class="thumb tleft"> ≤div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"> ≤div class="thumbcaption">Drawing of the ≤a title="Whirlpool Galaxy" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool_Galaxy">Whirlpool Galaxy≤/a> by Rosse in 1845≤/div> ≤/div> ≤/div> ≤p>Lord Rosse performed astronomical studies and discovered the spiral nature of some ≤a title="Nebula" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebula">nebulas≤/a>, today known to be spiral ≤a title="Galaxy" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy">galaxies≤/a>. Rosse's telescope Leviathan was the first to reveal the spiral structure of M51, a galaxy nicknamed later as the "≤a title="Whirlpool Galaxy" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool_Galaxy">Whirlpool Galaxy≤/a>", and his drawings of it closely resemble modern photographs.≤/p> ≤p>Rosse named the ≤a title="Crab Nebula" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab_Nebula">Crab Nebula≤/a>, based on an earlier drawing made with his older 36-inch (91 cm) telescope in which it resembled a crab. A few years later, when the 72-inch (183 cm) telescope was in service, he produced an improved drawing of considerably different appearance, but the original name continued to be used.≤/p> ≤div class="thumb tright"> ≤div class="thumbinner" style="width: 172px;">≤a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William_Parsons_Earl_of_Rosse.jpg">≤img class="thumbimage" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/William_P..." alt="" width="170" height="331" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="3600" />≤/a> ≤div class="thumbcaption"> ≤/div> ≤/div> ≤/div> ≤div class="thumb tright"> ≤div class="thumbinner" style="width: 172px;"> ≤div class="thumbcaption">Lord Rosse≤/div> ≤/div> ≤/div> ≤p>A main component of Rosse's nebular research was his attempt to resolve the ≤a title="Nebular hypothesis" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebular_hypothesis">nebular hypothesis≤/a>, which posited that planets and stars were formed by ≤a title="Gravity" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity">gravity≤/a> acting on gaseous nebulae. Rosse himself did not believe that nebulas were truly gaseous, arguing rather that they were made of such an amount offine stars that most telescopes could not resolve them individually (that is, he considered nebulas to be stellar in nature). In 1845 Rosse and his technicians claimed to have resolved the ≤a class="mw-redirect" title="Orion nebula" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orion_nebula">Orion nebula≤/a> into its individual stars using the Leviathan, a claim which had considerable cosmological and evenphilosophical implications, as at the time there was considerable debate over whether or not the universe was "evolved" (in a pre-Darwinian sense), a concept which the nebular hypothesis supported and with which Rosse disagreed strongly. Rosse's primary opponent in this was ≤a title="John Herschel" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Herschel">John Herschel≤/a>, who used his own instruments to claim that the Orion nebula was a "true" nebula (i.e. gaseous, not stellar), and discounted Rosse's instruments as flawed (a criticism Rosse returned about Herschel's own). Eventually, neither man (nor telescope) could establish sufficiently scientific results to resolve the question (the convincing evidence for the gaseous nature of the nebula would be developed later from ≤a title="William Huggins" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Huggins">William Huggins≤/a>'s ≤a class="mw-redirect" title="Spectroscope" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectroscope">spectroscopic≤/a> evidence, though it would not immediately resolve the philosophical issues).≤/p> ≤div class="thumb tleft"> ≤div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">≤a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WilliamParsonsBigTelescope.jpg">≤img class="thumbimage" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/WilliamPa..." alt="" width="220" height="186" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="456" />≤/a> ≤div class="thumbcaption"> ≤/div> ≤/div> ≤/div> ≤div class="thumb tleft"> ≤div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"> ≤div class="thumbcaption">The largest telescope of the 19th century, the Leviathan of Parsonstown.≤/div> ≤/div> ≤/div> ≤p>One of Rosse's telescope admirers was ≤a title="Thomas Langlois Lefroy" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Langlois_Lefroy">Thomas Langlois Lefroy≤/a>, a fellow Irish MP, who said, "The planet Jupiter, which through an ordinary glass is no larger than a good star, isseen twice as large as the moon appears to the naked eye... But the genius displayed in all the contrivances for wielding this mighty monster even surpasses the design and execution of it. The telescope weighs sixteen tons, and yet Lord Rosse raised it single-handed off its resting place, and two men with ease raised it to any height."≤sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference">≤a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl_of_Rosse#ci...">[7]≤/a>≤/sup>≤/p> ≤p>Lord Rosse's son published his father's findings, including the discovery of 226 NGC objects in the publication ≤em>Observations of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars Made With the Six-foot and Three-foot Reflectors at Birr Castle From the Year 1848 up to the Year 1878≤/em>, Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society Vol. II, 1878.≤sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference">≤a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl_of_Rosse#ci...">[8]≤/a>≤/sup>≤/p> ≤h2>≤span id="Lord_Rosse.27s_telescopes" class="mw-headline">Lord Rosse's telescopes≤/span>≤/h2> ≤p>Lord Rosse had a variety of optical reflecting telescopes built.≤sup id="cite_ref-amazing-space.stsci.edu_2-1" class="reference">≤a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl_of_Rosse#ci...">[2]≤/a>≤/sup> Rosse's telescopes used cast ≤a title="Speculum metal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculum_metal">speculum metal≤/a> ground parabolically and polished.≤/p> ≤ul> ≤li>15-inch (38 cm)≤/li> ≤li>24-inch (61 cm)≤/li> ≤li>36-inch (91 cm) (aka Rosse 3-foot telescope)≤/li> ≤li>72-inch (180 cm) (aka Rosse 6-foot telescope or "Leviathan of Parsonstown"), started in 1842 and completed in 1845.≤/li> ≤/ul> ≤h2>≤span id="References" class="mw-headline">References≤/span>≤/h2> ≤ol class="references"> ≤li id="cite_note-1">≤/li> ≤/ol> ≤div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" lang="en"> ≤ul> ≤li id="cite_note-1">≤span class="reference-text">≤cite class="citation journal">≤a title="Michael Parsons, 6th Earl of Rosse" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Parsons,_6th_Earl_of_Rosse">Michael Parsons, 6th Earl of Rosse≤/a> (Autumn 1968). ≤a class="external text" href="http://www.tcd.ie/Secretary/FellowsScholars/discourses/discourses/1..." rel="nofollow">"William Parsons, third Earl of Rosse"≤/a> ≤span style="font-size: 85%;">(PDF)≤/span>. ≤em>Hermathena≤/em>. Trinity College Dublin (107): 5–13. ≤a title="JSTOR" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR">JSTOR≤/a> ≤a class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23040086" rel="nofollow">23040086≤/a>≤span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved ≤span class="nowrap">2013-06-18≤/span>≤/span>.≤/cite>≤/span>≤/li> ≤li id="cite_note-amazing-space.stsci.edu-2">≤/li> ≤li id="cite_note-amazing-space.stsci.edu-2">≤span class="reference-text">≤cite class="citation web">≤a class="external text" href="http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations//groundup/les..." rel="nofollow">"Telescopes: Lord Rosse's Reflectors"≤/a>. Amazing-space.stsci.edu≤span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved ≤spanclass="nowrap">2012-09-03≤/span>≤/span>.≤/cite>≤/span>≤/li> ≤li id="cite_note-3">≤/li> ≤li id="cite_note-3">≤span class="reference-text">The York Courant, Monday 23 June 1800; Archives and Local History, York Explore Centre, Museum Street, York YO1 7DS≤/span>≤/li> ≤li id="cite_note-4">≤/li> ≤li id="cite_note-4">≤span class="reference-text">Hughes, Stefan (2012). Catchers of the Light: The Astrophotographers' Family History. Google Books. p. 1085. ≤a class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781620509616">ISBN 978-1620509616≤/a>. ≤a class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iZk5OOf7fVYC&amp;pg=PA1085" rel="nofollow">https://books.google.com/books?id=iZk5OOf7fVYC&amp;pg=PA1085≤/a>.≤/span>≤/li> ≤li id="cite_note-5">≤/li> ≤li id="cite_note-5">≤span class="reference-text">≤cite class="citation book">≤a title="Charles Knight (publisher)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Knight_%28publisher%29">Knight, Charles≤/a>, ed. (1867). "Rosse, William Parsons, 3rd Earl of". ≤a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w8VPAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PT13" rel="nofollow">≤em>Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Cyclopaedia"≤/em>≤/a>. vol. 5 (beginning with RABELAIS). London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co. pp. 166–167.≤/cite>≤/span>≤/li> ≤li id="cite_note-6">≤/li> ≤li id="cite_note-6">≤span class="reference-text">≤a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=crc5AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA185" rel="nofollow">"Lord Rosse's Telescope"≤/a>, The Practical Mechanic and Engineer's Magazine, Feb 1844, p185≤/span>≤/li> ≤li id="cite_note-7">≤/li> ≤li id="cite_note-7">≤span class="reference-text">Lefroy, T. 1871, Memoir of Chief Justice Lefroy, Hodges, Foster & Co., Dublin.≤/span>≤/li> ≤li id="cite_note-8">≤/li> ≤/ul> ≤div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">≤ol class="references"> ≤li id="cite_note-8" value="8">≤span class="reference-text">≤cite class="citation web">≤a class="external text" href="http://www.klima-luft.de/steinicke/ngcic/persons/rosse3.htm" rel="nofollow">"Photos"≤/a>. Klima-luft.de≤span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved ≤span class="nowrap">2012-09-03≤/span>≤/span>.≤/cite>≤/span>≤/li> ≤/ol>≤/div> ≤h2>≤span id="External_links" class="mw-headline">External links≤/span>≤/h2> ≤ul> ≤li>Hansard 1803–2005: ≤a class="external text" href="http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/people/lord-oxmantown" rel="nofollow">contributions in Parliament by the Earl of Rosse≤/a>≤/li> ≤li>≤a class="external text" href="http://www.klima-luft.de/steinicke/ngcic/persons/rosse3.htm" rel="nofollow">A list of galaxies credited to Parsons for seeing first≤/a>≤/li> ≤li>≤a class="external text" href="http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/seri/MNRAS/0029//0000124.00..." rel="nofollow">William Parsons' biography written in 1868 as an obituary, published in ≤em>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society≤/em>≤/a>≤/li> ≤li>≤a class="external text" href="http://www.birrcastle.com/" rel="nofollow">Website of Birr Castle, where the telescope was located, has some historical info≤/a>≤/li> ≤li>≤cite class="citation web">Lundy, Darryl. ≤a class="external text" href="http://www.thepeerage.com/p1279.htm#i12787" rel="nofollow">"Person Page - 1279"≤/a>. The Peerage.≤/cite>≤/li> ≤/ul> ≤table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin: 0.5em auto; font-size: 95%; clear: both;"> ≤tbody> ≤tr>≤th style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc;" colspan="3">≤a title="Parliament of the United Kingdom" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom≤/a>≤/th>≤/tr> ≤tr style="text-align: center;"> ≤td style="width: 30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by≤br /> ≤span style="font-weight: bold;">≤a title="Thomas Bernard (Irish politician)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bernard_%28Irish_politician%29">Thomas Bernard≤/a>≤br /> ≤a class="new" title="John Clere Parsons (page does not exist)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Clere_Parsons&amp;a...">John Clere Parsons≤/a>≤/span>≤/td> ≤td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">≤strong>≤a class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_Parliament">Member of Parliament≤/a> for ≤a title="King's County (UK Parliament constituency)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_County_%28UK_Parliament_cons...">King's County≤/a>≤br /> ≤small>with ≤a title="Thomas Bernard (Irish politician)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bernard_%28Irish_politician%29">Thomas Bernard≤/a> 1821–1833≤br /> ≤a class="new" title="Nicholas Fitzsimon (page does not exist)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Fitzsimon&amp;a...">Nicholas Fitzsimon≤/a> 1833–1835≤/small>≤/strong>≤br /> 1821–≤a title="United Kingdom general election, 1835" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_general_election,_1835">1835≤/a>≤/td> ≤td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by≤br /> ≤span style="font-weight: bold;">≤a class="new" title="John Craven Westenra (page does not exist)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Craven_Westenra&amp...">John Craven Westenra≤/a>≤br /> ≤a class="new" title="Nicholas Fitzsimon (page does not exist)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Fitzsimon&amp;a...">Nicholas Fitzsimon≤/a>≤/span>≤/td> ≤/tr> ≤tr>≤th style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;" colspan="3">Political offices≤/th>≤/tr> ≤tr style="text-align: center;"> ≤td style="width: 30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by≤br /> ≤span style="font-weight: bold;">≤a title="Edmund Pery, 1st Earl of Limerick" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Pery,_1st_Earl_of_Limerick">TheEarl of Limerick≤/a>≤/span>≤/td> ≤td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">≤strong>≤a title="Representative peer" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representative_peer">Representativepeer≤/a> for Ireland≤/strong>≤br /> 1845–1867≤/td> ≤td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by≤br /> ≤span style="font-weight: bold;">≤a title="Theobald Butler, 14th Baron Dunboyne" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobald_Butler,_14th_Baron_Dunboyne">The Lord Dunboyne≤/a>≤/span>≤/td> ≤/tr> ≤tr>≤th style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;" colspan="3">Honorarytitles≤/th>≤/tr> ≤tr> ≤td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">≤strong>New title≤/strong>≤/td> ≤td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">≤strong>≤a title="Lord Lieutenantof King's County" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_King%27s_County">Lord Lieutenant of King's County≤/a>≤/strong>≤br /> 1831–1867≤/td> ≤td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by≤br /> ≤span style="font-weight: bold;">≤a class="new" title="Thomas Bernard (of Kinnitty Castle) (page does not exist)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Bernard_%28of_Kin...">Thomas Bernard≤/a>≤/span>≤/td> ≤/tr> ≤tr>≤th style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;" colspan="3">≤a title="Peerage of Ireland" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peerage_of_Ireland">Peerage of Ireland≤/a>≤/th>≤/tr> ≤tr style="text-align: center;"> ≤td style="width: 30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by≤br /> ≤span style="font-weight: bold;">≤a title="Lawrence Parsons, 2nd Earl of Rosse" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Parsons,_2nd_Earl_of_Rosse">Lawrence Parsons≤/a>≤/span>≤/td> ≤td style="width: 40%; 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