Willibald Pirckheimer

Willibald Pirckheimer (auch Bilibald Pirkheimer, lateinisch Bilibaldus; * 4. Dezember 1470 in Eichstätt; † 22. Dezember 1530 in Nürnberg) war ein deutscher Renaissance-Humanist, Jurist und Übersetzer, Feldherr, Künstler und Kunstsammler sowie Mäzen. Er war ein Freund Albrecht Dürers und Berater Kaiser Maximilians I. Von 1496 bis 1523 gehörte er (mit Unterbrechungen) dem Nürnberger Rat an.

Als Sohn des Anwalts Johannes Pirckheimer in der fürstbischöflichen Residenzstadt Eichstätt geboren, durchlief Willibald Pirckheimer ein siebenjähriges Studium in Italien, an den Universitäten in Padua und Pavia. Er folgte damit einer Familientradition, die sein Großonkel Thomas Pirckheimer etabliert hatte, der sich als erster juristischen und humanistischen Studien in Italien zugewandt hatte. Seine ältere Schwester Caritas Pirckheimer war Äbtissin des Nürnberger Klaraklosters. Vermutlich 1495 begegnete er erstmals Albrecht Dürer.

Er war Mitglied eines Kreises von Nürnberger Humanisten, dem auch Conrad Celtis, Sebald Schreyer (1446 bis 1520) und Hartmann Schedel, der Verfasser der Schedelschen Weltchronik, angehörten. Er übersetzte zahlreiche klassische Werke ins Deutsche sowie griechische Werke ins Lateinische. In diesem Zusammenhang ist seine Herausgabe der Geographia von Ptolemäus im Jahre 1525 zu erwähnen. Kaiser Maximilian I. beriet sich mit ihm über literarische Fragen.

1499 wurde Pirckheimer vom Nürnberger Magistrat zum Kommandanten des reichsstädtischen Truppenkontingents im Schwabenkrieg gegen die Eidgenossen ernannt, in der Landgrafschaft Klettgau plünderten seine Truppen mehrere Dörfer, so vor allem Rechberg. Er erhielt bei seiner Rückkehr einen goldenen Pokal überreicht. Eine Anspielung darauf findet sich möglicherweise in Dürers Stich Nemesis um 1502.

Da Dürer keine klassische Ausbildung genossen hatte, wird üblicherweise angenommen, dass die zahlreichen klassischen und humanistischen Anspielungen in seinen Werken auf Gespräche mit Pirckheimer zurückgehen; als Ausnahme hierzu gilt hauptsächlich Melencolia I. Pirckheimer lieh Dürer das Geld für dessen zweite Italienreise um 1506/1507, und zehn Briefe von Dürer an Pirckheimer aus Italien bezeugen ihre enge Freundschaft.

Pirckheimers Büchersammlung war über Nürnberg hinaus bekannt, ebenso seine Sammlung aller möglichen Kunstgegenstände (Diese Sammlung wurde durch Willibald Imhoff (ein Enkel Pirckheimers) erweitert und diente als Grundlage des um 1545 gegründeten Imhoffschen Kunstkabinetts).

Wie Dürer liegt Pirckheimer auf dem Nürnberger St.-Johannis-Friedhof begraben (Grab St. Johannis I / 1414).

Pirckheimer engagierte sich in den gelehrten Auseinandersetzungen seiner Zeit. Insbesondere setzte er sich für Johannes Reuchlin im Judenbücherstreit und Martin Luther ein. Wahrscheinlich war er der Autor der 1520 unter dem Pseudonym „Joannes Franciscus Cottalambergius“ veröffentlichten Satire Eccius Dedolatus (etwa: Der gehobelte Eck), mit der der Luthergegner Johannes Eck verspottet wurde. Jedenfalls ließ ihn Eck deshalb in die päpstlichen Bannbullen von 1520 und 1521 gegen Luther und seine Anhänger aufnehmen. Dem Protestantismus gegenüber war Pirckheimer aber eher kritisch eingestellt.

Gemeinsam mit Johannes Stabius entwarf er das allegorische Grundgerüst zum „Triumphzug“ und der „Ehrenpforte Maximilians I.“ (die Albrecht Dürer illustrierte), in denen das politische Konzept Maximilians I. propagiert wurde. Pirckheimer war auch maßgeblich am Entwurf des ikonografischen Programms des Nürnberger Rathaussaales beteiligt. Dürer, der wohl frühzeitig in die Planungen eingebunden war, war von 1521 bis 1522 ab für die Umsetzung verantwortlich; die Ausmalung des Saales war nicht vor 1528 bis 1530 fertig.

Eine herausragende Rolle spielte Willibald Pirckheimer für die Rezeption des römischen Rechts in Deutschland. Gregor Haloander, ein junger Gelehrter, hatte in Italien Materialien für die von ihm geplante kritische Ausgabe der Pandekten von Justinian gesammelt und sich für die Durchführung dieses Plans um Unterstützung an den Nürnberger Rat gewandt. Eine Ratskommission bat im Jahr 1528 Willibald Pirckheimer um eine gutachterliche Stellungnahme, die äußerst günstig ausfiel. Dies und die Befürwortung durch den Reformator Philipp Melanchthon hat dazu geführt, dass im Jahr 1529 mit Unterstützung der Stadt Nürnberg das römische Recht in dem von Gregor Haloander bearbeiteten Text unter dem Titel Digestorum seu Pandectarum libri quinquaginta erscheinen konnte.

Quelle: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willibald_Pirckheimer

http://mif.stparchive.com/page_image.php?paper=MIF&year=2004&month=...

Engraving of Willibald Pirckheimer at 53 by Albrecht Dürer, 1524. We live by the spirit. The rest belongs to death. Willibald Pirckheimer (5 December 1470,Eichstätt, Bishopric of Eichstätt – 22 December 1530, Nuremberg) was a GermanRenaissance lawyer, author and Renaissance humanist, a wealthy and prominent figure in Nuremberg in the 16th century, and a member of the governing City Council for two periods. He was the closest friend of the artistAlbrecht Dürer,[1] who made a number of portraits of him, and a close friend of the great humanist and theologian Erasmus.

Born in Eichstätt, Bavaria, the son of a lawyer, Dr Johannes Pirckheimer, he was educated inItaly, studying law at Padua and Pavia for seven years. His wife was called Cresencia, and they had at least a daughter, Felicitas. His elder sister Caritas (1467-1532) was Abbess of St Clare's Franciscan convent in Nuremberg (also in effect a girl's school for the city's upper class) and was also a gifted classical scholar; Dürer's life of the Virginwoodcut series was dedicated to her.[2] He probably met Dürer in 1495.

He was a member of a group of Nuremberg humanists including Conrad Celtis, Sebald Schreyer, and Hartmann Schedel (author of the Nuremberg Chronicle). He also was consulted by the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I on literary matters. He translated many classical texts into German (as well as Greek texts into Latin), and was a believer in translating "by the sense" rather than over-literally, a great question of the day. Among other works, he edited and had published an edition of Ptolemy's Geographia in 1525.

In 1499 Pirckheimer was chosen by the City Council to command their contingent of troops in the Imperial army during theSwabian War against the Swiss. On his return he was presented with a gold cup by the City. This may be referred to in Dürer's engravingNemesis of about 1502.

As Dürer had not received a classical education, it is usually assumed that much of the display of classical and humanist learning in his works, especially his prints, reflected his discussions with Pirckheimer. A notable example is Melencolia I. Pirckheimer lent Dürer the money for his second trip to Italy in 1506-7, and ten letters to him from Dürer in Italy demonstrate the closeness of the friendship, with much teasing. After the death in 1560 of the last of Dürer's immediate family Pirckheimer's grandson Willibald Imhoffbought the remaining Dürer collections and papers. Most of Pirckheimer's own library, famous in its day, was sold by another Imhoff descendent to the Earl of Arundel in 1636. Much of this passed via the collection of SirHans Sloane to the British Library.

Like Dürer, he is buried in the cemetery of the Johannis-kirche in Nuremberg.

http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willibald_Pirckheimer

https://www.google.com/amp/s/ancestors.familysearch.org/en/KCNV-B5Y...

https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.201108031...

https://www.revolvy.com/page/Willibald-Pirckheimer

https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/news-wires-white-papers-and-bo...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhGsRRWWka4&app=desktop

https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.75783.html

http://www.clevelandart.org/art/1945.26.3

https://books.google.com/books?id=4TBFjimrHtQC&pg=PA284&lpg=PA284&d...–1530+children&source=bl&ots=I9bO5-eheY&sig=ACfU3U0exFGcAUOuc9RolZyUuyO_8jun4A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_uOzgtoDjAhXQct8KHU5mCjs4ChDoATAGegQIBxAB#v=onepage&q=Willibald%20Pirckheimer%201470–1530%20children&f=false

https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-tran...

https://books.google.com/books?id=JtYy67FsRosC&pg=PA285&lpg=PA285&d...–1530+children&source=bl&ots=bHMM5khd0q&sig=ACfU3U1HUvzO_KY2uVKVzzaBlqRfb9y4PA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwisqKbnvIDjAhUkn-AKHWlxCwE4ChDoATAIegQIBhAB#v=onepage&q=Willibald%20Pirckheimer%201470–1530%20children&f=false

https://www.christkindlesmarkt.de/en/christmas-market/history-of-th...

https://www.artic.edu/artworks/61022/bookplate-of-willibald-pirckhe...

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Willibald_Pirckheimer

https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=osu14866443148750...

https://www.burgenstrasse.de/uk/Castles-and-Palaces/Tour-5/Nuernber...

https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/d/durer/albrecht/journeys/part1.html

https://www.google.com/amp/s/ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LVDQ-K7X...

http://mif.stparchive.com/page_image.php?paper=MIF&year=2004&month=...

http://germanprints.ru/data/authors/willibald_pirckheimer/index.php...

Engraving of Willibald Pirckheimer at 53 by Albrecht Dürer, 1524. We live by the spirit. The rest belongs to death. Willibald Pirckheimer (5 December 1470,Eichstätt, Bishopric of Eichstätt – 22 December 1530, Nuremberg) was a GermanRenaissance lawyer, author and Renaissance humanist, a wealthy and prominent figure in Nuremberg in the 16th century, and a member of the governing City Council for two periods. He was the closest friend of the artistAlbrecht Dürer,[1] who made a number of portraits of him, and a close friend of the great humanist and theologian Erasmus.

Born in Eichstätt, Bavaria, the son of a lawyer, Dr Johannes Pirckheimer, he was educated inItaly, studying law at Padua and Pavia for seven years. His wife was called Cresencia, and they had at least a daughter, Felicitas. His elder sister Caritas (1467-1532) was Abbess of St Clare's Franciscan convent in Nuremberg (also in effect a girl's school for the city's upper class) and was also a gifted classical scholar; Dürer's life of the Virginwoodcut series was dedicated to her.[2] He probably met Dürer in 1495.

He was a member of a group of Nuremberg humanists including Conrad Celtis, Sebald Schreyer, and Hartmann Schedel (author of the Nuremberg Chronicle). He also was consulted by the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I on literary matters. He translated many classical texts into German (as well as Greek texts into Latin), and was a believer in translating "by the sense" rather than over-literally, a great question of the day. Among other works, he edited and had published an edition of Ptolemy's Geographia in 1525.

In 1499 Pirckheimer was chosen by the City Council to command their contingent of troops in the Imperial army during theSwabian War against the Swiss. On his return he was presented with a gold cup by the City. This may be referred to in Dürer's engravingNemesis of about 1502.

As Dürer had not received a classical education, it is usually assumed that much of the display of classical and humanist learning in his works, especially his prints, reflected his discussions with Pirckheimer. A notable example is Melencolia I. Pirckheimer lent Dürer the money for his second trip to Italy in 1506-7, and ten letters to him from Dürer in Italy demonstrate the closeness of the friendship, with much teasing. After the death in 1560 of the last of Dürer's immediate family Pirckheimer's grandson Willibald Imhoffbought the remaining Dürer collections and papers. Most of Pirckheimer's own library, famous in its day, was sold by another Imhoff descendent to the Earl of Arundel in 1636. Much of this passed via the collection of SirHans Sloane to the British Library.

Like Dürer, he is buried in the cemetery of the Johannis-kirche in Nuremberg.

http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willibald_Pirckheimer

Noted Humanist and close friend of Albrecht Durer. He translated Greek classics e.g. Euclid, Xenophon, Plato, Ptolemy, Plutarch, Lucian, and the Church Fathers into Latin. Maximilian appointed him Imperial Councilior. In 1499, with the aid of a capable soldier, he led the Nuremberg contingent in the Swiss war. His classical history of which appeared on 1610 and won him the name of German Xenophon. He also wrote a book on the earliest History of Germany, and was interested in astronomy, mathematics, the natural sciences, numismatics, and art. During the Reformation he took sides with Martin Luther and the Catholic church excommunicated him in 1520. He later denounced Luthers teaching and returned to the Catholic church. His sister Caritas, was Abbess of the Convent of St. Clara at Neumberg, where another sister Clara, and his young daughters Katharina and Crescentia, were also nuns. Albrecht Durer was one of his best friends and painted his characteristic portrait. From Findagrave.com http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=PI&GSpartial=... Created by: vicki vallor Record added: Dec 26, 2010 Find A Grave Memorial# 63316651

https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/family/LVDP-BNR

https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-tran...

https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1972-U-1091

https://graphicarts.princeton.edu/2017/06/05/liber-bilibaldi-pirckh...

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Pirckheimer-1