Apache

The Apache (/əˈpætʃi/) are a group of culturally related Native American tribes in the Southwestern United States, which include the Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Mimbreño, Ndendahe (Bedonkohe or Mogollon and Nednhi or Carrizaleño and Janero), Salinero, Plains (Kataka or Semat or "Kiowa-Apache") and Western Apache (Aravaipa, Pinaleño, Coyotero, Tonto). Distant cousins of the Apache are the Navajo, with whom they share the Southern Athabaskan languages. There are Apache communities in Oklahoma and Texas, and reservations in Arizona and New Mexico. Apache people have moved throughout the United States and elsewhere, including urban centers. The Apache Nations are politically autonomous, speak several different languages, and have distinct cultures.

Historically, the Apache homelands have consisted of high mountains, sheltered and watered valleys, deep canyons, deserts, and the southern Great Plains, including areas in what is now Eastern Arizona, Northern Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua) and New Mexico, West Texas, and Southern Colorado. These areas are collectively known as Apacheria.

The Apache tribes fought the invading Spanish and Mexican peoples for centuries. The first Apache raids on Sonora appear to have taken place during the late 17th century. In 19th-century confrontations during the American Indian Wars, the U.S. Army found the Apache to be fierce warriors and skillful strategists.

Contemporary tribes

The following Apache tribes are federally recognized:

• Apache of Oklahoma[4]
• Fort Sill Apache,[4] Oklahoma
• Jicarilla Apache,[5] New Mexico
• Mescalero,[5] New Mexico
• San Carlos Apache,[6] Arizona
• Tonto Apache,[6] Arizona
• White Mountain Apache of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona[6]
• Yavapai-Apache, of the Camp Verde Reservation, Arizona[6]

Notable historic Apache

Contemporary Apache people are listed under their specific tribes.

• Mangas Coloradas, Chief
• Cochise, Chief
• Victorio, Chief
• Geronimo, Leader
• Chatto, scout
• Dahteste, female warrior
• Gouyen, female warrior
• Lozen, female warrior
• Loco, Chief
• Naiche, Chief
• Nana, Chief
• Taza, Chief
• Eleven Medal of Honor recipients: see List of Native American Medal of Honor recipients.

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The Coronado Expedition (1540–1542) from Mexico north to the future southwestern United States and east through the modern states of Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas. Lead by Francisco Vásquez de Coronado, from 1540 through 1542. From México City in Colonial México, through Colonial New México (Provéncia de Santa Fe De Nuevo México), and into the Great Plains (in present day Kansas).

From: www. - lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/histus.html archive copy "Courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin." Public domain.

References

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache
• Tribal websites
  • Apache Tribe of Oklahoma, archive of official website
  • Fort Sill Apache Tribe, official website
  • Jicarilla Apache Nation, official website
  • Mescalero Apache Tribe, official website
  • San Carlos Apache Tribe, official website
  • White Mountain Apache Tribe, official website
  • Yavapai-Apache Nation, official website
• Other external links
  • Apache, Museum of Northern Arizona
  • Apache Indians, Texas State Historical Association
  • Apache Tribe of Oklahoma, Oklahoma Historical Society
  • Apache, Fort Sill, Oklahoma Historical Society
  • Apache, Lipan, Oklahoma Historical Society
  • Tonto Apache Tribe, Inter Tribal Council of Arizona