Enslaved Persons in America

This is the master project for enslaved persons in America. The profiles in this project may be incomplete.

This project's former name was American Slaves.

Return to USA Black Heritage Portal
Return to Afro-Americans throughout the Americas / Black History - Master Project
Return to Africans in New Netherland (Manhattan, New Amsterdam, and environs

Naming conventions

• First name: Ned
• Middle name: (blank)
• Last name: (blank)
• Birth surname: (blank)
• Display name: Ned, enslaved to Agnes Witt
• Also known as: List of other slave owners EX; Ned, enslaved to John Blue, Ned, enslaved to Fred Ugly
• About: Any other information that may be helpfull to other researchers
• Sources: All sources should be uploaded to the profile so other researchers can see it
• Ethnicity: "Black" or "Mulatto" etc (as per source)
• Occupation: Job title if known EX.. Worked in Main House, Farmer, Cotton Picker

A Note on documenting the names of enslaved persons. When extracting and indexing historical or genealogical data on American slaves, researchers will find that most kinds of records usually give that enslaved person a first name only. Since they were documented as property in most surviving records, a enslaved person's legal identity was the combination of his/her first name and the full name of his/her owner. For research purposes, the slave owners' complete names act as the best substitute for surnames of enslaved persons (even if a record gives both a first and last name, the slave owner's name will still be essential to tracing that enslaved person in other sources); this combination of enslaved person's first name and owner's full name can be as effective as the name of any free person in tracing of enslaved persons from record to record. For a lengthier discussion, see: David E. Paterson, "A Perspective on Indexing Slaves' Names," The American Archivist, 64 (Spring/Summer 2001), 132-142.

http://www.afrigeneas.com/library/slaves_georgia.html (Note: Site and link with content not available and exist)

Plantation Projects

• Black Washingtons of Pope's Creek Plantation, Virginia
• White and Black Jeffersons
• Somerset Place Plantation, North Carolina
• Washingtons of Wessyngton Plantation

Enslaved Projects by Enslavers/Owners

• Enslaved by Moses Liberty Jones (1805 - 1851)

See also: Database Enslaved - Peoples of the Historical Slave Trade

Males/Females (alphabetically A-Z) by their stauts, occupations, events, places, etc...

• Enslavers or Owners - 25292 People
• Enslave Person - 215091 People
• Free Person - 20395 People
• Freed Person - 1842 People
• Indentured Person or Pawn - 41 People
• Liberated African - 419 People
• Liminal Status Person - 1500 People

See more: Slave Voyages Timelapse, Slave Voyages.org

External links

• African American Slavery and Bondage, FamilySearch. org
• African names database
• List of slaves - Wikipedia
• They Had Names African Americans in Early Records of Liberty County, Georgia
• Large slaveholders from 1860 and African American surname matches from 1870
• Slave names index - Index of names in historic newspapers (Note: Site and link with content of ' http://theoldentimes.com/index_slavenames.html ' and ' https://theoldentimes.com/ ' not available and exist)
• Slave data collection - Afrigeneas (Note: Site and link with content of http://www.afrigeneas.com/slavedata/ not available and exist)
• African Ancestored Genealogy - African American genealogy: from Africa to the Amricans also visit or for more join to the fb group: AfriGeneas African American Genealogy Community
• WPA Slave Narratives - The first-person accounts of former slaves.
• The Lives of African-American Slaves in Carolina During the 18th Century
• Pennsylvania - The function of slave names (Note: Site and link with content of ' http://www.afrolumens.org/slavery/names.htmlindex_slavenames.html ' not available and exist)
• Virginia Historical Society - Unknown no longer (Note: Site and link with content of ' http://unknownnolonger.vahistorical.org/ ' not available and exist - Message 403 Forbidden don't have permission to access / on this server.)
• Afro-Louisiana history and genealogy (Note: Site and link with content of ' http://www.ibiblio.org/laslave/index.html ' not available and exist - Page not found)
• Georgia 's Slave Population in Legal Records (Note: Site and link with content of ' http://www.afrigeneas.com/library/slaves_georgia.html ' not available and exist)
• http://uneedspeed.net/~sdulac/PGSlaveConnections.htm (Note: Site and link with content do not shows, loading working non-stop)
• New France 1760 - 1763 - Quebec Culture: includes names of Pawnee and Metis slaves (Note: Site and link with content do not shows, loading working non-stop)
• Abstracts of North Carolina Wills
• A Study of the Africans and African Americans on Jamestown Island and at Green Spring, 1619-1803
• Standing in Way of Alabama Walmart: Slave Graves
• Kedzie: Saint Helena Island Slave
• African Origins information about the migration histories of Africans forcibly carried on slave ships into the Atlantic; database launched August 2012
• Virginia slaves freed after 1782
• Indexing of property of Major William Moore, Port Royal, August 20, 1689 ~16 slaves, most by name.
• Beyond Kin Project (Note: Site and link with content not available and exist anymore)
• Enslaved - Peoples of the Historical Trade - “Explore or reconstruct the lives of individuals who were enslaved, owned slaves, or participated in the historical trade.”
• The 1619 Project
• Indentured servitude in British America
• Did North Carolina Jews Own Slaves?
• Genealogy.com forum - Slaves
• Historical DNA Study Connects Living People to Enslaved and Free African Americans at Early Ironworks
• Genetic impact of African slave trade revealed in DNA study
• Americas’ first cowboys were enslaved Africans, ancient cow DNA suggests
• DNA Connections to Early Enslaved and Free African Americans - 23andme Blog
• Ancient DNA Study Reveals Descendants of Enslaved African Americans
• A new DNA study offers insight into the horrific story of the trans-Atlantic slave trade
• A landmark study opens a new possible way for Black Americans to trace their ancestry
• Black American's genes reflect the hardships and realities of slavery
• Their stories were lost to slavery. Now DNA is writing them
• Dark history of transatlanic slavery traced through DNA study
• DNA analysis traces African slaves back to their roots
• DNA Links 42,000 Living People to Enslaved and Free African Americans Buried in Maryland
• Large DNA Study Traces Violent History of American Slavery
• Ancient DNA Reveals Legacy of African Americans from Catoctin Furnace, Maryland (AAAS)
• DNA from enslaved iron-forge workers linked to 42,000 living descendants in the US
• Scientists use DNA to uncover story of Charleston slaves, AfricaNews.com
• The African Diaspora: Mitochondrial DNA and the Atlantic Slave Trade
• Are We Slaves to Our Genes?
• Old African American cemetery yields DNA links to 41,000 new ‘relatives’
• DNA Study of Remains at Delaware Site Finds Kinship Among European Settlers, African Slaves
• Centuries-old DNA helps identify specific origins of slave skeletons found in Caribbean
• New Research Reveals the Transatlantic Slave Trade’s Genetic Legacy
• Enslaved African Americans in Maryland Linked to 42,000 Living Relatives
• Forging connections DNA from enslaved Black workers at a 19th century iron forge links them to living descendants. - Cemetery DNA links Enslaved people hellish forge living descendants contacted
• How the slave trade left its mark in the DNA of people in the Americas
• Poorly preserved DNA from African slaves reveals their origins
• DNA collected from slave skeletons interred in unmarked 18th-century burial ground reveals their history
• What DNA reveals about St Helena’s freed slaves
• Thomas Jefferson - Jefferson & Slavery - Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings A Brief Account
• DNA traces origins of 17th century African slaves
• DNA Project Seeks to Learn Histories of Forgotten US Slaves
• Are We Slaves To Our Genes? The Faraday Institute for Science and Religion
• DNA Reveals History of Buried Slaves
• FAMILY SECRETS Joe Manganiello on Discovering He’s Part-Black and Descended From Slaves
• DNA Linked To Slaves From Sierra Leone Found In Maryland
• Digging for the life stories of long-forgotten slaves - National Geographic
• DNA Linked To Slaves From Sierra Leone Found In Maryland
• Genetic evidence of African slavery at the beginning of the trans-Atlantic slave trade
• DNA helps women discover ancestors were slaves at Belvoir Plantation
• African American Genomes Yield Insight into Slavery Practices
• DNA study links ancestral ties of living people with enslaved, free African Americans in US
• Tracing the Enslaved to Modern Descendants
• 23andMe DNA study traces the 'genetic consequences' of the trans-Atlantic slave trade
• New DNA Study Lays Bare The Horrific History of The Transatlantic Slave Trade
• Dear White People: 400 years of Slavery is literally in our DNA?
• How Slavery Changed the DNA of African Americans
• Finding Enslaved Ancestors Using DNA
• What are the genetic consequences of the slave trade?
• DNA tests reveal genetic impact of African slave trade
• DNA analysis used to trace the origins of buried slaves
• Evidence for tuberculosis in 18th/19th century slaves in Anse Sainte-Marguerite (Guadeloupe – French Western Indies)
• Slavery in America: U.S. Slavery: Timeline, Figures & Abolition, History.com
• A Brief History of Slavery That You Didn't Learn in School - History Slavery Smithsonian
• 400 yeas of slavery - 400 years since slavery: a timeline of American history
• Slavery How did the Abolition Acts of 1807 and 1833 affect the slave trade?
• The History Press | Slavery in history
• Era Colonization and Settlement, 1585–1763 The Origins of Slavery
• Atlantic slave trade
• Slavery - Slavery in the United States
• History Resources Historical -Context: Facts about the Slave Trade and Slavery
• Slavery as a Cause of the Civil War
• People & Events Conditions of antebellum slavery 1830 - 1860 Resource Bank Contents
• Collection - Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936 to 1938, Library of Congress
• Slavery in America The Montgomery Slave Trade
• International Slavery Museum
• History Slavery and Freedom
• Slavery Home - Mount Vernon - George Washington: George Washington, 1st President of the United States
• Slavery in the United States: Primary Sources and the Historical Record, Library of Congress
• The Transatlantic Slave Trade
• What became of the slaves on a Georgia plantation? : Great auction sale of slaves, at Savannah, Georgia, March 2d & 3d, 1859. A sequel to Mrs. Kemble's journal.
• The Horrors of the 'Great Slave Auction': Mar. 2 1859 at Butler Island and Hampton Plantations
• Enslaved Women
• Slavery - 2 - Liberty in the Air
• Domestic Slave Trade
• A 1859 Slave Auction in Savannah as Reported by the New York Tribune - America's Black Holocaust Museum (ABHM)
• The Entitlements of Freedom - A Mother’s Pursuit of Mastery in the Antebellum South
• What Became of the Slaves on a Georgia Plantation? (1863)
• National Museum of African American History and Culture
• Underground Railroad
• How Many Slaves Landed in the U.S.?, website: The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross with Henry Louis Gates, Jr., see: Fb page, PBS.org: Finding Your Roots - with with Henry Louis Gates, Jr.
• Slave Voyages, Slave Voyages.org
• Slavery and the Family Tree
• 1 side owned slaves. The other side started Black History Month. How a family heals
• Federal Records that Help Identify Former Enslaved People and Slave Holders, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC
• White Cargo The Forgotten History of Britain’s White Slaves in America
• America's First Slaves: Whites
• White slavery: An American paradox
• When Europeans Were Slaves: Research Suggests White Slavery Was Much More Common Than Previously Believed
• White slavery in America
• Fact check: First slaves in North American colonies were not “100 white children from Ireland”
• White slave propaganda
• White slavery in the United States., Library of Congress
• ‘Freedom Dues’ explores White slavery in Colonial America
• White Slaves, African Masters
• White Cargo: The Forgotten History of Britain’s White Slaves in America
• 5 Myths About Slavery
• Slavery in North America 1654-June 19, 1865?
• American slavery: Separating fact from myth
• Slavery Takes Root in Colonial Virginia
• African-American Literature (Afro-American Literature)
• Freedman / Freedwoman
• A Perspective on Indexing Slaves' Names - David E. Paterson The American Archivist Vol. 64, No. 1 (Spring - Summer, 2001), pp. 132-142 (11 pages), Published By: Society of American Archivists, JSTOR.org
• A Perspective on Indexing Slaves' Names - David Paterson The American Archivist (2001) 64 (1): 132–142. PDF

Books (google online published books)

• Recollections of a Southern Daughter: A Memoir by Cornelia Jones Pond of ... By Cornelia Jones Pond or see at Documents of the project
• From Slave to Statesman: The Legacy of Joshua Houston, Sevant to Sam Houston (1993), by Patricia Smith Prather & Jane Clements Monday, University of North Texas Press
• DNA Slaves, Slavery, Enslaved in America, African slaves in America
• White slavery in the United States, Library of Congress
• 3 - White Slaves in the Late-Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century American Literary Imagination
• Lincoln's Ownership of Slaves Confirmed in New Book by Kevin Orlin Johnson from Pangaeus Press - Historian recovers original affidavit in which Lincoln ordered the sale of slaves whom he'd inherited., News provided by Pangaeus Press, Dallas, Feb 18, 2022, 00:05 ET, refers to Abraham Lincoln

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