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This project is to add and make known all of the people who signed the Fort Laramie Treaty, their family members and trees.
To add any people who are not found in Geni.com and cite their family trees.
Note: Do not confuse this treaty with the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851, which was signed on September 17, 1851 between United States and representatives of the Cheyenne, Sioux, Arapaho, Crow, Assiniboine, Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara nations.
Historical Background
"This war was brought upon us by the children of the Great Father who came to take our land from us without price." --Spotted Tail
"From the 1860s through the 1870s the American frontier was filled with Indian wars and skirmishes. In 1865 a congressional committee began a study of the Indian uprisings and wars in the West, resulting in a Report on the Condition of the Indian Tribes , which was released in 1867. This study and report by the congressional committee led to an act to establish an Indian Peace Commission to end the wars and prevent future Indian conflicts. The United States government set out to establish a series of Indian treaties that would force the Indians to give up their lands and move further west onto reservations.
"In the spring of 1868 a conference was held at Fort Laramie, in present day Wyoming, that resulted in a treaty with the Sioux. This treaty was to bring peace between the whites and the Sioux who agreed to settle within the Black Hills reservation in the Dakota Territory.
"The Black Hills of Dakota are sacred to the Sioux Indians. In the 1868 treaty, signed at Fort Laramie and other military posts in Sioux country, the United States recognized the Black Hills as part of the Great Sioux Reservation, set aside for exclusive use by the Sioux people. In 1874, however, General George A. Custer led an expedition into the Black Hills accompanied by miners who were seeking gold. Once gold was found in the Black Hills, miners were soon moving into the Sioux hunting grounds and demanding protection from the United States Army. Soon, the Army was ordered to move against wandering bands of Sioux hunting on the range in accordance with their treaty rights. In 1876, Custer, leading an army detachment, encountered the encampment of Sioux and Cheyenne at the Little Bighorn River. Custer's detachment was annihilated, but the United States would continue its battle against the Sioux in the Black Hills until the government confiscated the land in 1877. To this day, ownership of the Black Hills remains the subject of a legal dispute between the U.S. government and the Sioux.
(Source: National Archives: Sioux Treaty of 1868
Treaty of 1868
TREATY WITH THE SIOUX-- BRULÉ, OGLALA, MINICONJOU, YANKTONAI, HUNKPAPA, BLACKFEET, CUTHEAD, TWO KETTLE, SANS ARCS, AND SANTEE--AND ARAPAHO
15 Stat., 635. (Dated Apr. 29, 1868, Ratified Feb. 16, 1869, Proclaimed Feb. 24, 1869)
- http://standingrock.org/fort-laramie-treaty/)
- http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Kappler/vol2/treaties/sio0998.htm
Sources
- American-Tribes.com: Eagle Woman
- Matilda Galpin -Eagle Woman
- Invasion of America, an interactive map
- National Archives: Sioux Treaty of 1868
- North Dakota Studies: Eagle Woman
- OurDocuments.gov: Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
- StandingRock.com: http://standingrock.org/fort-laramie-treaty/ Fort Laramie Treaty]