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The Imperial Order of Muscovites was an unofficial, unrecognized appendant body to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows in the United States, founded in 1894 in Cincinnati, Ohio, and lasting until about 1921.
The order apparently stirred controversy within the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Minutes from the Grand Lodge of Illinois in 1910, record that all odd fellows were commanded to abandon their membership in the Imperial Order of Muscovites, and that further membership in the body would result in expulsion from Independent Order of Odd Fellows itself. The latest Kremlins were instituted in 1921.
Many local bodies of the order were absorbed, along with those of other appendant Odd Fellow organizations into the Ancient Mystic Order of Samaritans., while others continued to exist independently as late as until 1934. One chapter in Oregon survived under a new name until the 1960s. Klaus Scherer, a former member and former grand master of Oregon Odd Fellows, preserved their ceremonies until he and his son revived the degrees as a charity fundraiser open to anyone.
Although not under the jurisdiction of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, membership in the Muscovites was open only to Odd Fellows.
The basic body or unit of the order was called a Kremlin, with officers styled as Czar, Patriarch, Regent, Commander, and so forth. The body governing the order was known as the Supreme Kremlin and included an Imperial Czar, Imperial Regent, Imperial Grand Duke, Imperial Governor, Imperial Counselor, Imperial Minister of Records, Imperial Minister of Finance, Imperial Custodian, Imperial Inspector, Imperial Inner Guard, Imperial Outer Guard, and multiple Chancellors.