Ojibwe, Ojibwa, Chippewa, or Saulteaux

The Ojibwe, Ojibwa, Chippewa, or Saulteaux are an Anishinaabe people in what is currently southern Canada, the northern Midwestern United States, and Northern Plains. They are Indigenous peoples of the Subarctic and Northeastern Woodlands.

According to the U.S. census, Ojibwe people are one of the largest tribal populations among Native American peoples in the United States. In Canada, they are the second-largest First Nations population, surpassed only by the Cree. They are one of the most numerous Indigenous Peoples north of the Rio Grande.[3][better source needed] The Ojibwe population is approximately 320,000 people, with 170,742 living in the United States as of 2010,[1] and approximately 160,000 living in Canada.[2]

In the United States, there are

• 77,940 mainline Ojibwe;
• 76,760 Saulteaux; and
• 8,770 Mississauga, organized in 125 bands.

In Canada, they live from western Quebec to eastern British Columbia.

The Ojibwe language is Anishinaabemowin, a branch of the Algonquian language family.

They are part of the Council of Three Fires (which also include the Odawa and Potawatomi) and of the larger Anishinaabeg, which also include Algonquin, Nipissing, and Oji-Cree people. Historically, through the Saulteaux branch, they were a part of the Iron Confederacy with the Cree, Assiniboine, and Metis.[4]

The Ojibwe are known for their birchbark canoes, birchbark scrolls, mining and trade in copper, as well as their harvesting of wild rice and maple syrup.[5] Their Midewiwin Society is well respected as the keeper of detailed and complex scrolls of events, oral history, songs, maps, memories, stories, geometry, and mathematics.[6][failed verification]

European powers, Canada, and the United States have colonized Ojibwe lands. The Ojibwe signed treaties with settler leaders to surrender land for settlement in exchange for compensation, land reserves and guarantees of traditional rights. Many European settlers moved into the Ojibwe ancestral lands.[7]

Bands

In his History of the Ojibway People (1855), William W. Warren recorded 10 major divisions of the Ojibwe in the United States. He mistakenly omitted the Ojibwe located in Michigan, western Minnesota and westward, and all of Canada. When identified major historical bands located in Michigan and Ontario are added, the count becomes 15. These 15 major divisions developed into the Ojibwe Bands and First Nations of today.

See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojibwe for the divisions, bands and First Nations listings, and add band projects below:

• Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians
  • Lac des Bois Band of Chippewa Indians
• Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians

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Notable Ojibwe people

Please use Geni naming conventions - native Americans for Geni profiles.

Ojibwe people from the 20th and 21st centuries should be listed under their specific tribes, which are indexed at Wikipedia. Feel free to create these subprojects.

• Taffy Abel (1900-1964), ice hockey player, first Native American in the Winter Olympic Games (1924), first Native American in the National Hockey League (1926), Stanley Cup champion (1929) and (1934)
• Francis Assikinack (1824–1863), historian from Manitoulin Island
• Stephen Bonga, Ojibwe/African-American fur trader and interpreter[56]
• George Bonga (1802–1880), Ojibwe/African-American fur trader and interpreter
• Jeanne L'Strange Cappel (1873–1949), writer, teacher and clubwoman
• Hanging Cloud, 19th c. Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe woman warrior
• George Copway (1818–1869), missionary and writer
• Margaret Bonga Fahlstrom (c.1797–1880), Ojibwe-African American woman in the early Methodist Episcopal Church in Minnesota
• Cara Gee (1983–), Canadian actress
• Fr. Philip B. Gordon (1885–1948), Roman Catholic priest and activist from Gordon, Wisconsin
• Hole in the Day (1825–1868), Chief of the Mississippi Band of the Minnesota Ojibwe
• Michael Hudson (born 1939), economics professor
• Peter Jones (1802–1856), Mississauga missionary and writer
• Kechewaishke (Gichi-Weshkiinh, Buffalo) (ca. 1759–1855), chief
• Edmonia Lewis (ca. 1844–1907), Mississauga Ojibwe/African-American sculptor
• Trixie Mattel (1989–), American drag queen[57]
• Maungwudaus George Henry, performer, interpreter, mission worker, and herbalist
• Medweganoonind, 19th-century Red Lake Ojibwe chief
• T. J. Oshie (1986-), American professional ice hockey player and Stanley Cup champion.
• Ozaawindib (Yellow Head), early 19th c. nonbinary warrior, guide
• Keewaydinoquay Peschel (1919–1999), teacher, ethnobotanist
• Chief Rocky Boy (fl. late 19th c.), chief
• Jane Johnston Schoolcraft (1800–1842), author, wife of Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, born in Sault Ste. Marie
• John Smith (ca. 1824–1922, chief, from Cass Lake, Minnesota
• Alfred Michael "Chief" Venne (1879–1971), athletic manager and coach from Leroy, North Dakota
• Waabaanakwad (White Cloud) (ca. 1830–1898), Gull Lake chief
• William Whipple Warren (1825–1853), first historical writer of the Ojibwe people, territorial legislator
• Zheewegonab (fl. 1780–1805), band leader among the northern Ojibwe
• Ruth A. Myers (1926-2001), Grandmother of American Indian Education in Minnesota

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References

1. Wikipedia contributors, "Ojibwe," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, < link (accessed February 11, 2024).
   1. Densmore, Frances (1970) [1929]. Chippewa Customs. Minnesota Historical Society Press.
   2. H. Hickerson, The Chippewa and Their Neighbors (1970)
   3. R. Landes, Ojibwa Sociology (1937, repr. 1969)
   4. R. Landes, Ojibwa Woman (1938, repr. 1971)
   5. Smith, Huron H. (1932). "Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians". Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee (4): 327–525.
   6. F. Symington, The Canadian Indian (1969)