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The Province of Posen (German: Provinz Posen, Polish: Prowincja Poznańska) was a province of Prussia from 1848 to 1919. Posen was established as a province of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1848 after the Greater Poland Uprising, converted from the Grand Duchy of Posen annexed by Prussia in the Polish partitions of 1815, and became part of the German Empire in 1871. Posen was part of the Free State of Prussia within Weimar Germany from 1918, but was dissolved the following year when most of its territory was ceded to the Second Polish Republic by the Treaty of Versailles, and the remaining German territory was later re-organized into Posen-West Prussia in 1922.
Bromberg was the northern of two Prussian administrative regions, or Regierungsbezirke (Polish: Rejencja), of the Grand Duchy of Posen (1815–49) and its successor, the Province of Posen (1849–1918). The administrative center was the city of Bromberg (Bydgoszcz).
The region was bordered on the south by the Regierungsbezirk Posen, to the west by the Province of Brandenburg, to the north and northeast by West Prussia, and to the east by Congress Poland (within the Russian Empire).
The Bromberg region had a larger percentage of mostly Protestant Germans than average for the Province of Posen. However, the majority of population were Roman Catholic Poles. Initially, there was a sizeable Jewish minority, but that number diminished over time due to the Ostflucht.
Posen was the southern of two Prussian administrative regions, or Regierungsbezirke (Polish: rejencja), of the Grand Duchy of Posen (1815–49) and its successor, the Province of Posen (1849–1918). The administrative region was bordered on the north by Regierungsbezirk Bromberg, to the west by the Province of Brandenburg, to the south by the Silesia Province, and to the east by Russian Congress Poland.
The Posen region was inhabited mainly by Roman Catholic Poles, although it had a minority of mostly Protestant Germans. https://agoff.de/?p=29020 : Orte im Kreis Hohensalza-Inowrozlaw / Places in inowrozlaw county
The Jewish population of the Posen region before, during, and after it was a Province of the Grand Duchy is well documented. The foremost series of record extracts were developed by Edward David Luft in the 1986-2020 period. Here are two citations to introduce his materials to researchers who are interested in the Jewish presence in Posen:
The Jews of Posen Province in the Nineteenth Century. A Selective Source Book, Research Guide, and Supplement to The Naturalized Jews of the Grand Duchy of Posen in 1834 and 1835 https://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/show-content/publication/edition/3...
The Naturalized Jews of the Grand Duchy of Posen in 1834 and 1835, Revised Edition, Compiled by Edward David Luft, published 2004 by Avotaynu. This is an Alphabetical List of Jews Naturalized in the Grand Duchy of Posen in 1834 and 1835 as published in 1836 by Isidor Hirschberg in Bromberg. Available from the publisher Avotaynu. Copyright 1986, 1987 by Edward David Luft, All Rights Reserved. For a complete list of Luft source materials see this site: https://sites.google.com/site/edwarddavidluftbibliography/home/edwa... .
Posen Province was the successor to the Grand Duchy of Posen and not a province of it. Posen became the 17th province of Prussia in 1850, on an equal footing with the other 16 "old" provinces. Source: Luft.
sources for research: https://genwiki.genealogy.net/Bromberg https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/106980?availability=Fam... (erteilung von Heimatscheinen 1825- 1919
Also connected to Posen is Karl Streckfuss: Adolf Friedrich Carl Streckfuss . Some research by Dr. Luft has suggested that Flottwell was assisted by Karl Streckfuss in the conception and administration of the Naturalization process.
Suggestions from a Geni Researcher: Look at the Berlin records that are online at Ancestry.com, as well as a website that specialized in Prussian marriage records, the Poznan Project (at https://poznan-project.psnc.pl ). There is another related website called BaSIA (at http://www.basia.famula.pl/en/ ) that handles other types of vital records in Prussian towns, too. Both of them update regularly as the Polish State Archives slowly go scan their old record books and then Polish-speaking genealogist volunteers (ideally ones who can also read the old style German "Kurrent" script ('Kurrentschrift")) translate and transcribe the records for these websites, so I keep checking them for new data and names regularly. While all the records are useful, the marriage records might be the most useful as they usually list parents' names and the couple's places of birth too.