Pezelj Genealogy and Pezelj Family History Information

The name Pezelj is found in several countries around the world. The highest density can be found in Croatia. (1) As the digraph „lj“ is one letter that is usually found in some Slavic languages, the spread in the non-Slavic countries seems to be due to immigration. (2) As an outstanding number of families of this name, compared to all other countries, can be found in Croatia, it seems very likely that the origin of the name is to be sought in Croatia, since origin and distribution correlate strongly with each other.

The largest number of resident families with the name in Croatia live in the Lika-Sensko County, the second largest number lives in the Splitsko-Dalmatinska County. (3) In the in the Lika-Sensko County, families with this name appear in the late 17th century. (4) They are said to be (a branch of the, i.e. Kranjevci) so-called "Bunjevci". Bunjevci are families from Bosnia and other parts of Croatia, especially Dalmatia, who moved due to the pressure from the advancing Ottomans to parts of Croatia and Hungary (5) assumed to be safer , with better conditions and/or with better options to strike back. However, in the Splitsko-Dalmatinska County there are still older documents, i.e. late16th century, that mention family members with this name. For example in 1599 a Petar Pezeljević ist mentioned as a witness in Donji Dolac, Republic of Poljica, near Split and as a familiy that among other families from Poljica arrived in Sutivan on the Island of Brac, also near Split, in the year 1570. (6)(6b) Hence, a name bearer was born in Poljica some decades before, i.e. about 1540. It should be noted that the Pezelj(ic/ijevic) from Poljca are said to be nobles, i.e. Didici or Miroslavic clan. This is important, because, nobles, especially from Poljica, are known to have used family names so that name bearers, at least in this region, are very likely related, i.e. branches from the same family. Some of the "Pezelj" families in the other "hotspots" in Croatia might also be related to the ones in Dalmatia, but this has to be proven.

Spellings of the name

At the latest when examining the meaning of the name, it is helpful to consider the spelling of the name today and its alternative spellings, as well as alternatively used forms of the name that existed until the final definition of surnames, that e.g. in Croatia took place in the 19th century.

Alternative spellings were due, among other things, to the fact that for at least 500 years of its autonomous existence, the territory of Poljica fell to different countries, each of which used different official languages. These countries include Bosnia, France, Croatia, the Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary, Venice. Furthermore, there was no unified spelling, everyone wrote a name as he or she understood it.

Alternative forms of the name used in the old documents, sometimes in the same document in several variants for one and the same family/person are:
Pezeljevic/ć, Pezeljevich, Pezoglievich, Pezeljić, Pezeljich, Posseglievich. That is due to the fact, that in Italian, the slavic „ć“ was transcribed to „ch“ and the letter "lj" was also transcribed but often differently, for example by "gl" or "lg" or by omitting the "j". Pezeglić, Pezeglevich, Pezegl, Pezeglich, Pezeglievich. Pezel. (7)

The "z" was also sometimes transcribed to "x" or "s", which might have lead to other forms of the surname, like "Pesel" in Trieste, Italy, as these transcriptions were ambiguously used. (8)

Furthermore, as the names were written as pronounced, a name could have changed, if an individual moved to a region were the name was spoken in a local dialect.

Although the name „Pecelj“ might have evolved due to mispronunciation/misspelling, it should be noted that is, especially in historic Bosnia, known to have developed from an individual whose face was burned. From „peci“ burn or fry. (9)

However, the development of the name "Pešelj" might have an origin due to different pronunciation. (9a) The earliest surviving list of the families of Smokvica on the island of Korčula, from 1631, includes a Nicolo Pesel (Italian for Nikola Pešelj) whose household included an unnamed brother. This is probably the same Nikola Pešelj, son of Marko, who married a resident of Korčula city in 1610. This Marko Pešelj, probably born about the middle of the 16th century, must be the ancestor of the later Pešeljs of Smokvica, either through Nikola or through another son. Either Marko or his sons were new settlers in Smokvica after the village was devastated by Turkish pirates in 1571. The name Pešelj is also found in Slovenia, in the Bela Krajina district, which borders Croatia, with some Pezeljs on the Croatian side of the border, so that it seems that the different languages on each side of the border might have led to these two different spellings.

The same might apply to “Peczely” families in Hungary. Their origin seem to be Burgenland, Austria, and the name might have evolved from German pronunciation of “Pezelj”. As Hungary was one country which was historically closely tied with at least parts of Croatia, it is possible that some individuals landed there. The same applies to e.g. to Venice. Though one could imagine several similar Italian names, not only the “Pešelj” mentioned above, sources of for them are needed.

Etymology of the name

As a general rule, names in Croatia developed comparably to other countries from profession, father's name, a place, origin or settlement, as well as nicknames. (11)

The ending "ević" or "ić" may for example have been added to the first name or nickname of the father, i.e. in the sense of "son/daughter of xy", or it may have been added to the place name to indicate the origin of the person and identified a person together with the first name. As a rough rule, one could recognize the origin and thus the meaning of the name from the part before the suffix.

In the case of the name "Pezelj", however, it is difficult at first to find a meaning, because although it appears Slavic due to the letter "lj" and the suffix "(evi)ić", the word "Pezelj" seems to have no similarity to a modern Slavic word. Etymology books from Croatia either stay silent on the name (s) meaning or state that it is not known. Some only assuming that it has a Balkan-Roman root. (12)

However, in Old Bulgarian or Old Church Slavonic the word "pezulj" seems to exist, which can be roughly translated as bench of (fertile) land at the foot of a (rock) wall (13). Since a family bearing this name originally lived in Poljica, and parts of it are to this day, on the edge of a mountain basin - i.e. rock face on one side, field on the other - "Pezeljević" could therefore be a nickname for that branch of the Budačić family that settled there from 1483 onward - thus meaning the Budačić from/on the rock edge/mountain basin settlement („oni pod polama“, Pezeljevici) . (14)(15)

It should be noted that Old Church Slavonic language was used in Slavonic liturgy especially by the so-called Glagolitic priests, of which a considerable high number dwelled in Poljica. This might be due to the fact, that in Poljica in particular, it was customary for each noble family to have at least one member trained as a Glagolitic priest and this priest usually sought a successor, usually within his family and/or a gifted youngster, and educated him. As they often haven’t had their own parish, they stayed with the family and took part in worldly life, like secular clergy, e.g. they also had worldly functions and may also have been married. (16)(17)(18)(19)(20) This certainly had a major impact on spoken and more over written language, so that this is why this also could explain the Old Church Slavic origin of the geographic term from which the family name has developed.

This does not necessarily contradict the opinion that the name Pezelj is of Balkan-Roman (sometimes Greco-Roman) origin, since "pezulj" seems to have an ancient Greek/Byzantine equivalent/root, but underlines that despite of that the Pezeljs are of Slavic, i.e. Croatian, origin.

Another possibility would be a borrowing from Ottoman, for example, the word "Pezer" from Ottoman seems to have been the basis for other family names in Slavic. The meaning of the word "Pezer" is, poor or landless and one could argue that it has found application because, according to the local tradition the Budacich family fled from Bosnia. While one can follow the thesis of this descent (flight) from Bosnia because of various circumstantial evidence, the landlessness and poverty, however, seems unlikely due to the fact that the family was included as a princely noble family to the nobles of Poljica and provided with their privileges and as can be seen in the old documents from 1599 to 19th century continuously acted as witnesses, some of them being (elected) princes and/or priests“. The predicate of nobility, especially in Poljica, was strongly defined by and tied with the possession of land - the so-called "Didovina" (closely related to this is the name "Didići" for the ancient noble families there), which had to be preserved at all costs. (21)

It should also be noted that at the time of the earliest mention of „Pezeljic“ in Donji Dolac, the Ottoman had no major linguistic impact in Poljica.

Furthermore the ending on "lj" instead of the „r“, the proximity of "pezulj" with for example "Pezoglievich" (from Pezuljevich?) and also the settlement given until today rather suggests the derivation of the name from a Slavic topology term than from an Ottoman term.

It might also have a similar etymology as the village Passail in Austria, of which the name is said to be of Slavic origin naming a settlement beneath or nearby the village „po se(d)lo“ which over the times became today's spelling. (22) (NB: Above-stated "Posseglievich" that can be found in the list of nobiles of Poljica seems to be very interesting in this respect)

The meaning/origin of the name "Pezelj" seems therefore to be very likely of toponymic character, i.e. a reference to a small hamlet besides/outside the earlier (core) settlement (at a characteristic place) that was established when the refugees arrived.

Historic appearances of the (related) names

Austrian-Hungarian domain

According to Siebmachers Wappenbuch there are many Péczely Families with different coat of arms (23), which according to heraldic rules might be an indication, that they might have distinct origins as in western European countries a coat of arms usually marks one family (as opposed to the eastern European countries, were often many families were admitted the same coat of arms, like the Pezelj from Poljica, who are admitted to the coat of arms of the Miroslavich clan) (24).

One could argue that a connection of the surnames "Pezelj" and "(von) Peczely", which seems to be widespread in Hungary, for example could be due to the the close connection of the Kingdom of Hungary with the Kingdom of Croatia for centuries (25), but this is very speculative as no unequivocal evidence for such an origin of all these Peczelys based on this relation exists.

However, a more concrete indication for a Slavic, i.e. Croatian, origin is given with the fact that one (member) of the "Peczely" families originates from Monyorókerék (Eberau, Burgenland) (26), where the so called Burgenland Croats (27) were settled as a kind of buffer against Ottoman Empire by means of armored settlers (28) at the borderline with Ottoman Empire.

Besides the Burgenland connection the „Pécs“ village might also be a concrete basis for such a surname, as a toponymic, e.g. the Pécs-ely the one from Pecs (a more speculative thesis could be that Pezeljs arrived in Pecs and that this old name merged into a new toponymic variant). (29) More concrete basis might be the village called Peczely in the Hungarian Veszprém County or the village Peceiu (also called Peczely in Hungary!) in the Romanian Salaj County, which seems to have been Hungarian domain. There are many possibilities as can be seen, and there is also certain likelihood for Croatian origin of some „Peczely“ families. Hence, it is worth taking this into account, when performing research on this families in the Austro-Hungarian domain.

There surely can be found other grounds, e.g. German or Hungarian sources, on which the name in this domain developed, e.g. there lived a Matthias dictus Pezel in Großau, Romania, at 1377 who is of German origin. As this was long before the Pezelj in Poljica branched from Budadic, it can’t be the origin of these Pezeljs. As Matthias dictus Pezel was German in a German settlement/parish in Romanian domain, German words are more likely to be the basis for this name. Further research on this is therefore needed.

However, it could also not be excluded that these families or parts of said different families with the same name also stem from emigrations from Poljica, especially, if one takes into account the origin and routes of the Bunjevci. (30).

According to some sources the Pezeljs in Udbina were krajnici from Gorski Kotar, which is not far from Bela Krajna mentioned above. (31) According to other sources, the Pezeljs from Udbina were krajnici from Otočac, i.e. from Brinje und Stajnica area, freed Udbina among other places and afterwards moved (at least part of their) families there, whereby this happened around 1689. (31a) (31b) Brinje and Stajnica were at that time part of Otočac, which was domain of the Frangepan and Gorjansky families.

According to a further source a Stjepan (, Stipe) Pezelj together with a Nikola Holjevac did settle the people in 'Udbina, Teslić and Podlapac' (32).They had a leading role/function as both had the rank of a captain. (32a)Furthermore a Mate Pezelj settled there and he and a another Holjevac had also military ranks ('Jure Holjevac' as Captain, 'Mate Pezelj' as 'Warrant Officer'. Another Pezelj is mentioned as “Feldwebel” (Sergeant) who was killed by raiders, he was after, in the year 1822. (32b) According to a thesis in the sources they did not only prosper by reaching higher military ranks and more property but also in terms of social rank, as all of the military leaders were supposed to have been admitted to nobility.

This is further substantiated as the heraldic publication "Zbornik plemstva u Hrvatskoj, Slavoniji, Dalmaciji, Bosni-Hercegovini, Dubrovniku, Kotoru i Vojvodini" by Viktor Anton Duišin encloses the coat of arm of Holjevac in Podlapac (33). . Unfortunately, a volume with families starting with the letter “P” was not published. However, Holjevac as opposed to Pezelj can be found in other sources, too. Pezelj family can only be found in a heraldic periodical of Viktor Antun Duišin, where he encloses the coat of arms of the noble families of the Miroslavić clan of the Principality of Poljica with the Pezelj family stated among them.

Further research is needed to find out, if the Pezelj family in the Lika region has been granted nobility from Habsburg monarchy. Preferably heraldic publications, because these would be a very valuable source as usually the origin and the status of a family as far as it is remembered/known is mentioned in heraldic publications. This would very likely disclose an origin from Poljica, which would be a clear proof for this connection. For the time being, this has to be proved based on other sources.

One such source is given by a publication where the different origins of the families in the Lika region is discussed. It mentions that the Pezelj family arrived at a later time at Brinje and Stajnica and these seem to be distinguished from other waves of settlement of Vlachs and Serbs that also were placed in some village of Brinje and Stajnica. The publication furthermore explicitly mentions that one wave was caused when Senj Uskoks attacked the settlements between the fort Klis and the river Cetina, which were under rule of the Ottoman empire, at the end of the 16th century, which also covers the territory of the Pricipality of Poljica. Moreover, it explicitly discloses the village 'Dicmo' as being affected and according to the list of nobles from Poljica stating families that are nobles from Poljica, which moved to territories outside Poljica, a Pezelj family in Dicmo is stated. NB: This valuable publication also mentions that participants of the “bune”, meaning revolution, where settled from that area to their new homes. It also states that the re-settled people in their new destinations had no knowledge of them being called “Bunjevac”. Hence, this term seems to have evolved later so that it very likely does not com from the place “Bune” in Bosnia but rather from the term “bune” – riot or revolution – with “bunjevci” denoting people from the Klis to Cetina area, who stood up against the Ottoman rule and had to flee from them) (33a)

Hence, it is fair to say that there is a strong likelihood that the Pezeljs in Lika moved from Dicmo to Brinje and Stajnica at the end of the 16th century and moved further to Udbina at the end of the 17th century and that their origin is very likely from the Poljica Principality.

From the sources it can be seen that part of the family that moved there at the end of the 16th century seem to have been members of local militia (led by general Heberstein) which were or at least at a later time became regular Habsburg forces known as the “Lykaner” and/or “Otocani” (Grenzer) Regiment'. These regiments ensured the defense (settlements) at the above-stated so called 'military frontier, and the regiments lasted till the 19th century. Therefore, there is a likelihood that helpful records can be not only found in church books but also in Habsburg military registers.

Places in said region where Pezelj families lived and still live today are Smiljansko Polje, Baćinac, Laktiči, Bužim, Gospič, Udbina, Donje_Pazarište, Podgorje. (33b)

A further publication mentions a list of names that move to said places. The Pezelj families are also mentioned and it is said, that not all of them moved to the new settlements. That might expalin their distribution in certain areas where people between Klis and Cetina river, i.e. Poljica people, like the Dicmo inhabitants, were setteled by the "Senj" ("Zengg") after the event at the end of the 16th century. Among the families in the list there are some other Poljica family names, among them the "Silovich" family who also stems from Budacic family, like the Pezeljs. This is also an indication that the origin of the Bunjevaz Pezelj families lies in Poljica, i.e. Donji Dolac (34)

Principality of Poljica, especially Dolac Donji (sometimes also referred to as Donje Polje)

Since for the family with this name from Poljica is known that it evolved from a family Budačić, which is well documented as according to the "Statute of Poljica" 1483 became one of the noble families of Poljica, i.e. member of the clan called "Didići" or Miroslavić, which is also mentioned in a catalog of noble families that one of the last Princes of Poljica, „veliki knez Mate Mianović”, edited for the Austrian administration. this may represent the oldest point of contact for researching both the origin of the family and the name.

Evidence exists for branches of Pezeljs (Pezeglievich etc.) in Poljica - mostly in Donji Dolac and in Gardun, both were part of ancient Poljica Principality, and evidence also exists for Pezeljs from Poljica, who moved, e.g. to the area of Split, i.e. Veli Varos, Caporice, and Dicmo near Sinj. (35) Also Putišići (36)

In Split one of the Pezeglievich took the nickname „Vuk“, meaning wolf, in its Italian variant „Lupi“, i.e. Pezeglievich-Vuk-Lupi, as the Dalmatian cities usually where more Italian minded than the hinterland. This branch seems to extinct regarding the male-lineage, but it cannot be excluded that some of them moved further and it is not clear, which form/part of the name they kept, if so. (36a)

Italian Domain

As Poljica was a considerable time under Venetian rule, some of the Pezeljs might have moved to other places, e.g. there are some Venetian documents admitting people from Poljica, who lost their homes due to Ottoman attacks, the right to move to any place in their realm. Some might even had moved to Venice itself. This has to be researched further.

It is also known that some of the Dalmatian people made their way to the other side of the Adriatic sea, i.e. the Molise Croats. (37) It has to be looked there for names that might be a derivation of Pezelj, e.g. in Italian spellings like Pacelli, Pecelli, Peccelli, Pezzeli, Peselli and/or similar.

A more concrete trace is given by a publication that mentions a „Pexel“ being inhabitant of Zadar, which was under Venetian rule, transcribing the Italian written „Pexel“ in „Pezelj“ („pok. ser Grge, zvanog Pezelj (Pexel), građanina Zadra“). This is stated with some other citations from documents dated with 1449, 1491 and 1516 but unfortunately without stating the date of the historic document containing this name (Pexel). Hence, it is not clear when exactly this name appeared. Furthermore, „x“ is an the Italian transcription that was more often for „ž“ rather than for „z“, the interpretation in said publication needs to be examined further. (37)

Although the earliest source of the name seems to have been in Poljica, it cannot be stated beyond doubt, especially after examining the meaning of this name, that the origin of the name in this form lies there alone. However, the oldest trace of the bloodline of a Pezelj family seems to be given by the one in Poljica.

Notable name bearers and relatives

Petar Pezeljević – Donji Dolac, the oldest written occurance of a family member (1599)

Andrija Pezelj – knez (prince, Fürst) Donji Dolac, several documents from XVII century, e.g.. 1666

Juraj Pezelj – priest, acording to Kacic Miosic’ song also knez (prince, Fürst), Don Juraj Pezelj died in 1686 while leading the army of Poljica in the fight against the Turks. While deadly hit, he encouraged his comrades to continue the fight: In the Nučak fortress near the village of Gardun above the Cetina river bed, there were janissaries, but discipline weakened and they began to drink and repeatedly ran into Gornja Poljica, and there Don Jure Pezelj formed warriors to oppose the Turks. Don Jure has the fastest horse and was at the head of that pursuit of the Turks. But some Turk randomly fired a rifle and hit Don Pezelj in the stomach. He fell to the floor and knew that he was going to die, but when his comrades came to him, he told them that he had been stripped of his armor and that they should continue after the Turks, because freedom was more important to him than his own death. They continued after the Turks to Bišćanska gora and turned back to find don Pezelj dead. At the place of his death, there is a cross "Pezelj's Cross" today. (among other sources, most concise story (https://hercegbosna.org/forum/post1444415.html)

? Pezelj - freed the fortresses Bilai and Bunić, finaly Udbina from Turks in 1689 (see footnote 31b) jointly as part of troops that priest Mesic has gathered

Petar Pezelj (Pezegl) – knez (prince, Fürst) Putišići, 1707 (see footnote 6, Marko Mišerda, Spomenici Gornjih Poljica. Pisani spomenici na području Gornjih Poljica do propasti Poljica godine 1807)

Don Ivan Pezeljić – priest, Poljica, 1714 (see footnote 6)

Matij Pezeljević – a prokurator of the Poljica Republic, Split, 1717 (see footnote 6)

Don Matij Pezelj – chaplain of Gardun, 1731 (see footnote 6)

Matija Pezeljević – knez (prince, Fürst), Donji Dolac, 1745 and 1752 (see footnote 6)

Stipan Pezelj - captain of the Lika Grenzer regiment in 1746 (see footnote 32a)

Stipe Pezelj – got a Ducale from Venetian Republic confirming his nobility and ordering that his priviledges have to be respected not only in Poljica but also in Sinj, 1790 in Sinj (see footnote 6)

Josip Pezelj – (1818 – ca. 1881, Dolac Donji) contributed to the book FOLK SONGS FROM DONJI DOLAC, SRIJANA AND BISKA (POLJICA) written by Filip Banic (1881–1885) (https://www.matica.hr/media/knjige/narodne-pjesme-iz-donjeg-doca-sr...)

Andrija Pezelj - (1860. -1936.), sea captain. (http://bratovstina-svnikola-svbarbara.hr/5117-2/)

Nikola Pezelj - (? – ?), sea captain, (father of Jerolim Pezelj) (http://bratovstina-svnikola-svbarbara.hr/5117-2/)

Ivan Pezelj - (? – ?), sea captain, (brother of Jerolim Pezelj) (http://bratovstina-svnikola-svbarbara.hr/5117-2/)

Jerolim Pezelj - (1866. – 1912.), sea captain, (http://bratovstina-svnikola-svbarbara.hr/5117-2/)

Jakov Pezelj - (1879. – 1939.), sea captain, (http://bratovstina-svnikola-svbarbara.hr/5117-2/)

Fran Pezelj - (?. -1937./38.), boatswain, (http://bratovstina-svnikola-svbarbara.hr/5117-2/)

Mate Pezelj - (1893. – 1959.), sea captain, http://bratovstina-svnikola-svbarbara.hr/5117-2/)

Marijan Pezelj - (1896. – 1991.), sea captain, (http://bratovstina-svnikola-svbarbara.hr/5117-2/)

Jakov Pezelj - (1905. – 1987.), sea captain, (http://bratovstina-svnikola-svbarbara.hr/5117-2/)

Ante Pezelj - (1907. – 1961.), sea captain, (http://bratovstina-svnikola-svbarbara.hr/5117-2/)

Vlade Pezelj (Ličko Petrovo Selo, October 6, 1929 – Gospić, May 7, 2004), canon of the First Chapter in Rijeka, long-time parish priest and dean. Biography (https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlade_Pezelj)

Ivan Pezelj – captain of the 13. Bomber Squadron, part of the 5. Bomber Wing that was originally attached to Kampfgeschwader 3 as part of the 10/KG3 of the Luftwaffe and later as the 15.(Kroat.)/KG 3. of the Croatian Air Force Legion (WWII) (https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrvatska_zrakoplovna_legija)

Žarko Pezelj - (1924. – 1943.) - graduate, Bakarska, died in NOB. (Narodno Oslobilacka Borba, antifashist national liberation struggle) (http://bratovstina-svnikola-svbarbara.hr/5117-2/)

DUŠAN Pezelj (birth 1928, Donji Dolac) - antifashist fighter, (partizan, 1. čete 2. bataljona Mosorskog PO. Rođen 1928, Dolac Donji, Omiš, zemljoradnik, Hrvat, član SKOJ-a. U Mosorski PO došao u veljači 1944. Poginuo rujna 1944. kod Imotskog. see "MIROSLAV VELIĆ, ANTE V. PETRIC, MATE VULETIC, MOSORSKI PARTIZANSKI ODRED, INSTITUT ZA HISTORIJU RADNIČKOG POKRETA ZA DALMACIJU, SPLIT, 1985.")

FABIJAN Pezelj (son of Ante, 18. 1. 1926, Dolac Donji) - antifashist fighter (partizan, borac-kurir Mosorskog PO. Rođen 18. 1. 1926, Dolac Donji, Omiš, zemljoradnik, Hrvat, član SKOJ-a. U Mosorski PO stupio u veljači 1944. Poginuo u kolovozu 1944. na putu za Biokovo kao kurir Štaba Mosorskog PO, ibidem)

LUKA Pezelj (son of Ivan, 23. 10. 1925, Gardun) - seargant (partizan, vodnik voda 2. čete 3. bataljona Mosorskog PO. Rođen 23. 10. 1925, Gardun, Sinj, đak, Hrvat, član SKOJ-a 1942, KPJ od 1944. U MosorskiPO stupio 9. rujna 1943. Prekoman diram 10. siječnja 1944. u Svilajsko-mosećki PO, a zatim u 4. dalmatinsku (splitsku) brigadu. Ranjen 15. lipnja 1944. na Svilaji, ibidem)

MARTIN Pezelj (son of Ivan, 11. 11. 1922, Gardun) - seargant (partizan, vodnik Pratećeg voda 2. bataljona Mosorskog PO. Rođen 11. 11. 1922, Gardun, Sinj, zemljoradnik, Hrvat. U Mosorski PO stupio 30. svibnja 1944. i u listopadu prekomandiran u 4. dalmatinsku (splitsku) brigadu, ibidem)

MATE Pezelj (son of Ante, 5. 9. 1920, Dolac Donji) - deputy commander (partizan, zamjenik komandanta 2. bataljona Mosorskog PO. Rođen 5. 9. 1920, Dolac Donji, Omiš, zemljoradnik, Hrvat, član KPJ. Došao lipnja 1943. u Leteću mosorsku četu, a zatim i u Mosorski PO u čijem se sastavu nalazio dorasformiran ja, kada je ušao u 1. brdski divizion 19. divizije. Ranjen krajem travnja 1945, na Lubanu, Rijeka, ibidem)

Peter Pezelj (son of Štipan, Sinj) - antifashist fighter (partizan, borac Mosorskog PO. Rođen u Sinju, ibidem)

Slavko Pezelj (son of Grga, 1924, Dolac Donji) - antifashist fighter (partizan, borac Mosorskog PO. Rođen 1924, Dolac Donji, Omiš, zemljoradnik, Hrvat. U Mosorski PO stupio rujna 1944. i u listopadu upućen u 3. dalmatinsku brigadu, ibidem)

Augustin Pezelj - leading member of the partizan delegation (see VODNI DELEGATI of Mosorskog PO, ibidem)

ANTE Pezelj (son of Ivana, 1895. u Dolac Donji) worker (field worker for the partizan antifashist forces ( rođen 1895. u Docu Donjem, Omiš, zemljoradnik, Hrvat. Kao terenski radnik aktivno radio za NOP od 1943. godine. Bio je odbornik NOO Dolac Donji. Umro, ibidem)

Ivan, "Iso", Pezelj (Dolac Donji) officer/officaial/searvant, within antifashist movement (rođen u Docu Donjem, Omiš, službenik, Hrvat. Aktivno, uključen u NOP početkom ustanka. Bio je član NOO Dolac Donji u prvoj polovini 1942. godine. Umro 1975, ibidem)

Viktor Pezelj - (1921. – 1995.), sea captain (http://bratovstina-svnikola-svbarbara.hr/5117-2/)

Vlado Pezelj – 1949 major general, (born 1920) - general-major. His active service in the JNA (Yugoslav People's Army) ended in 1968. Born in the village of Gardun (Cetinska krajina). In 1942, he joined Kamešnički partisan detachment. He was the company commander and battalion commander, later commander 9th Dalmatian Brigade. After the liberation of the country, he remains in active service JA. He is retired in rank Major General. He has been awarded numerous awards wartime and peacetime decorations. He was participant of Alka from Sinj (laureate in 1949 years) (https://sabh.hr/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Glas_broj_51.pdf) Sinjska Alka is an equestrian competition held in the Croatian town of Sinj every first Sunday in August since 1715. It commemorates a Croatian–Venetian victory in the Ottoman–Venetian war on August 14, 1715 in which the local Christian population of around 700 Croats in cooperation with a smaller number of Venetians managed to defend Sinj against 60,000 Ottoman soldiers led by Mehmed-paša Ćelić. In 2010, the Alka was inscribed in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists. Only men born in Cetinska krajina (area along the valley of river Cetina in the vicinity of Sinj) can take part in the Alka. It is considered a great privilege to participate in the tournament.

Guiseppe Pesel (Italian form of Pezelj?) - born in 1898, Rovinj (Istrian city with Italian and Croatian speaking inhabitants), Yugoslav volunteer in the Spanish Civil War 1936-39. Came from France in 1938. Died in 1937 on the front near Huesca; (https://www.vreme.com/projekat/spisak-jugoslovena-spanskih-boraca/)

Stjepan "Stipe" Pezelj (? in Dolac, ? in Zagreb?) - professor in Zagreb (Blanka Matković, "Leader of the Croatian Peasants Party (HSS) after WWII. (Iz povijesti solinskoga područja u Drugom svjetskom ratu i poraću: Hrvatska seljačka stranka kroz dosje Joze Bulja (1945. – 1961.)" He was Krnjević's secretary and was authorised by Maček to lead the Croatian Peasants Party after WWII (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian_Peasant_Party_during_World_W...) and it seems that he did this till his death with professor Ante Bilic [presumably also from Dolac] being his successor (TEPEŠ, IVAN, "POLITIČKO DJELOVANJE HRVATSKE SELJAČKE STRANKE U EMIGRACIJI OD 1945. DO 1990. GODINE ", footnote 1491)

Slavko Pezelj - (1914-2014) sea captain, the first director of the Yugoslav liner shipping company - Jugolinija (1947-1949), died recently at the age of one hundred. He was born in Kostrena, in a distinguished seafaring family. (https://kraljica-mora.net/kapetan-slavko-pezelj-1914-2014/)

Niko Pezelj – brigadier, member of the HRM (Hrvatska Ratna Mornarica, Croatian Navy) Split, according to some sources counterintelligence service (KOS) (http://www.lijepanasadomovinahrvatska.com/text07/03_10_07_kos.htm)

Ivica Pezelj - known as a former player of the handball club Kvarner Rijeka, founded in 1963 in Rijeka. It was later disbanded, and resumed operations in 2003 as RK Kvarner Kostrena. Bio je prvi rukometni klub iz Rijeke koji je ušao u prvu ligu. Godine 1969. i 1970. Kvarner bio je prvak Hrvatske. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RK_Kvarner)

Dunja Pezelj – Known Haiku-poet. Haiku (俳句, listen (help·info)) is a type of short form poetry originally from Japan. Traditional Japanese haiku consist of three phrases that contain a kireji, or "cutting word"; 17 on (phonetic units similar to syllables) in a 5, 7, 5 pattern; and a kigo, or seasonal reference. Similar poems that do not adhere to these rules are generally classified as senryū. (http://www.worldhaiku.net/poetry/si/d.pezelj/d.pezelj.htm)

Karlo (son of Luka) Pezelj - ensign, 0703950350017, 9th Guards Brigade, Gospić, awarded with the Homeland Gratitude Memorial (No. 01-012-96-103/1NN 56/1996 (11.7.1996), https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/full/1996_07_56_1151.html)

Ivan (son of Joso) Pezelj, corporal, 2306954350001, 9th Guards Brigade, Gospić, awarded with the Homeland Gratitude Memorial (No. 01-012-96-103/1NN 56/1996 (11.7.1996), https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/full/1996_07_56_1151.html)

Martin (son of Martin) Pezelj – (born November 11, 1956), captain, 1111956350026, 9th Guards Brigade, Gospić, awarded with the Order of the Croatian Cross, no. 01-012-96-159/1, (https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1997_01_9_142.html) and with the Order Of Nikola Subic Zrinski for a heroic act in war. (http://hrvatska.poslovniforum.hr/nn-arhiva/00025/02574.asp)

Mladen (son of Milan) Pezelj, - colonel, 0512945330032, Care Administration. Awarded with THE ORDER OF THE CROATIAN KNITTER For a special contribution to the development and reputation of the Republic of Croatia and the well-being of its citizens
(http://hrvatska.poslovniforum.hr/nn-arhiva/0001d/01db2.asp), very likely the same Mladen Pezelj, which was colonel and former head of died HV (Croatian forces) servicemen at the Ministry of Defense (https://danas.hr/potresno-svjedocanstvo-na-mercepovom-sudjenju-ddcd...)

Vlatko Pezelj awarded with the ORDER OF STJEPAN RADIĆ for merits and suffering in the struggle for the national and social rights of the Croatian people. (https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1999_06_61_1104.html)

Luka (son of Ivan) Pezelj, lieutenant, awarded with the Homeland Gratitude Memorial (https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1996_07_56_1152.html)

Mirko (son of Luka) Pezelj, lieutenant, awarded with the Homeland Gratitude Memorial (https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1996_07_56_1152.html)

Milan (son of Poldi) Pezelj awarded the Homeland Gratitude Medal (https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1997_11_120_7768.html)

Niko Pezelj - brigadier, among those retired and transferred to the detention service (1992), (https://hrvatski-vojnik.hr/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/hv_023_91_95.pdf)

Tonci (son of Anđelko) Pezelj - promotion to warrant officer (https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1992_10_67_7320.html), later lieutenant colonel, awarded with Homeland Gratitude Memorial (https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1997_11_120_7762.html)

Milan (son of Milan) Pezelj - promotion to captain (https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1992_10_67_7320.html)

Martin (son of Martin) Pezeli [sic!] - promotion to lieutenant (https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1992_10_67_7320.html)

Mile (son of Milan) Pezelj - promotion to lieutenant (https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1992_10_67_7320.html)

Jure (son of Martin) Pezelj - promotion to warrant officer (https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1992_10_67_7320.html)

Milan (son of Pave) Pezelj - promotion to warrant officer (https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1992_10_67_7320.html)

Mladen (son of Milan) - promotion to major, (https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1992_10_67_7320.html)

Janez Pezelj (Slovenia) - Editor, Author, Author of introduction, Photographer, Scenarist, Genres: Humor Conference papers and proceedings (http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2006064545/)

Siniša Pezelj – triathlon athlete, was elected as the first president of the triathlon club TNT of Zadar in 2015. Also successful triathlon athlete, e.g. 2016, “PH sprint akvatlon”, in Zagreb and in VIr, both times 1. rank M45, (https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triatlon_klub_TNT)

Anica Milićević-Pezelj - Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Croatia (SSSH), was appointed March 21, 2013, by the Government of the Republic of Croatia as one of the Croatian representatives as member to the European Economic and Social Committee

Bojan Pezelj – handball player, member of RK Zamet, which is a handball club from Rijeka, founded in 1957 and competed in the 1st Croatian handball league since its foundation, and until then also competed in the 1st league of the federal state. In season 1995/96 Zamet wins the 1.B League and next season returns to the 1.A League and secures fifth place. During the championship, the young players asserted themselves: Mirza Džomba, Nikola Blažičko, Mario Jozak, Bojan Pezelj, Robert Savković and Milan Uzelac (https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/RK_Zamet_Rijeka)

Jakov (son of Ivan) Pezelj – employee, 0704956350007, 305th logistic base, Rijeka, awarded with the Memorial of Homeland Gratitude, for honorable and exemplary service (2016) (http://www.ubvvpdr.hr/odluka-o-dodjeli-odlikovanjaspomenicom-domovi...) (https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/full/1997_01_9_150.html)

Tihomir (son of Ivan) Pezelj - sergeant, 0401972350014, Aviation teaching center, Zadar, awarded with the Memorial of Homeland Gratitude, for honorable and exemplary service (2016) (http://www.ubvvpdr.hr/odluka-o-dodjeli-odlikovanjaspomenicom-domovi...) (https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/full/1997_01_9_150.html)

Sinisa Pezelj – Croatian chess player, (https://ratings.fide.com/profile/942472)

Novak Pezelj (18.07.1983. Sombor, Serbia) – chess player, international master 2014, (https://www.chess.com/de/member/novak_pezelj, https://ratings.fide.com/profile/927570, Sombor was since 12 September 1687 under Habsburg administration, and was included into the Habsburg Military Frontier, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sombor#History)

Sofia Pezelj, Serbian chess player (https://ratings.fide.com/profile/985589)

Bozidar Pezelj – (1950 – 2016) – „legendary” major domus of the stadion of football club and so called mascot of Hajduk Split, who was known for defending the stadion, especially for saving the championship cups of Hajduk from the JNA forces that attacked Split during independence war of Croatia. (https://slobodnadalmacija.hr/sport/hajduk/preminuo-legendarni-hajdu...) (https://www.facebook.com/534301533373568/posts/1839213159549059/)

Dragan Pezelj – (22.02.1967) former volleyball player and volleyball trainer (in Slowenia) born in Smiljan Croatia, father of Bruna Pezelj ((https://www.glas-koncila.hr/bruna-pezelj-reprezentativka-francuske-...) (https://volleybox.net/de/dragan-pezelj-p57636/clubs)

Petra Pezelj - (born 28 October 1998) is a Croatian footballer who plays as a midfielder (2021: for ŽNK Split) and has appeared for the Croatia women's national team. She has been capped for the Croatia national team, appearing for the team during the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup qualifying cycle. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petra_Pezelj)

Bruna Pezelj - (born 15.01.1999), volleyball player, representative of France in volleyball of Croatian roots, (https://www.glas-koncila.hr/bruna-pezelj-reprezentativka-francuske-...) (https://profiles.worldofvolley.com/wov-community/players/73773/brun...)

Petra Pezelj - (Slovenia, journalist, editor for the German TV broadcaster ZDF (https://www.picuki.com/tag/transmediapreis)

Ivica Pezelj (Lika?) - Croatian autor and "longtime sports journalist, editor and football enthusiast" (https://www.nacional.hr/tag/ivica-pezelj/)

Sonja Pezelj-Ribarić (1966, Köln) - prof. dr. sc. for dental medicine at the faculty of medicine, University of Rijeka since 1995 (https://prabook.com/web/sonja.pezelj-ribaric/529708, https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/186582)

Jure Bogdan – bishop (since 2015). Bogdan, son of Ivan Bogdan and Perka, born Pezelj, was born in Donji Dolac, in the municipality of Omiš on the former territory of the historic Republic of Poljica, on November 9, 1955. (https://dalmatinskiportal.hr/vijesti/svecenik-splitsko-makarske-nad...)

Igor Pezelj (Rijeka) - Croatian water polo player, coach of Primorje (https://www.novilist.hr/tag/igor-pezelj/) and Pezelj has been working with the coach of the Croatian water polo representation since 2012 (https://slobodnadalmacija.hr/sport/vaterpolo/igor-pezelj-tajno-oruz...)

Đurđica Pezelj (23.04.1968, Gospic) - prof. dr. sc.A ssociate Profeessor, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology (https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=k4o-XOYAAAAJ&hl=en, https://www.pmf.unizg.hr/geol/djurdjica.pezelj, http://geol.pmf.hr/~jsremac/projekt%20mzos/suradnici/pezelj.html)

Dubravka Pezelj Duliba - MD, Head of department for health care contracting · Croatian Health Insurance Fund (CHIF) (https://hr.linkedin.com/in/dubravka-pezelj-duliba-97677010)

Jure Pezelj - judge at the district court, Zagreb, head of the group for "enforcement based on a credible document" (https://sudovi.hr/sites/default/files/dokumenti/2022-01/Godi%C5%A1n...)

Luka Pezelj - PhD, University of Split · Maritime Faculty in Split (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Luka-Pezelj)

Final remark of the author

Being a member of this family, i.e. with origin in the Republic of Poljica, it is hard to keep the distance necessary to qualify as being scientific. I nevertheless tried to do so by e.g. pointing to other possibilities but I might have overlooked some and missed opportunities for a critical analysis. These missed opportunities could be – besides the opportunities for further research, that I have mentioned – a good ground for discussion (see also "discussion at the right side of this page) underpinned by sources (NB: Any document that is uploaded in connection with a "Pezelj" profile will show up on this page - see right hand side of the page.) that I have missed and/or any other contribution that might help. For example another flaw of this work might be that is mostly based on publications that can be (easily) found in the internet, but local and not so prominent sources might have much more information, which could lead to different assessments of what has been found so far.

As the research was focused on my families’ roots, it most likely lead to a imbalance of sources in favor of the History of Poljica and its families and that other Pezeljs, especially in Croatia, might be descendants of them. I hope my further research will also help to find more details about other Pezelj branches. Contributions of other Pezeljs would be highly appreciated, even if these are “only” local traditions, because this might help to derive new theories.

As long as no other sources are indicated, this publication could be understood as deriving the thesis that Pezelj from Poljica could represent the fate of a Bunjevac family of Croatian descent, which was part of all the waves of westward movements made by the Bunjevac. For this purpose it would be interesting were exactly the Budačic came from, e.g. is there a place in Bosnia, where it is noted that a family of this name lived in at that time. As they were admitted to nobility with a band of families, they might have moved together and may have lived together at the place of their origin. A good approach would therefore be to search for places were at least some of the families, i.e. don David Krickovic, Jurko Budacic and brethren, the Bogavcices, Slidinices, Tolenovices, Radinovices, Elovcic, Borovina, Zecices, Dabizivovices and the children of Pavle Tomasovic, mentioned in The Statute of Poljica have dwelled. The fact that they were regarded as ancient nobility and were admitted to the Miroslavić clan (39) might be helpful in such a manner that ancient documents may exist with them as witnesses or the like.

My apologies for any errors/inconsistencies and my English. I will amend this document occasionally and upon feedback (please use the discussion tab for this purpose or write me a message) and new findings. This publication will therefore be a living document and will be changed from time to time.

Footnotes and sources

(1) "This last name is the 408,463rd most widely held surname on earth It is held by around 1 in 8,513,488 people. The surname occurs mostly in Europe, where 96 percent of Pezelj live; 93 percent live in Southeastern Europe and 93 percent live in South Slavic Europe.

This last name is most frequently occurring in Croatia, where it is carried by 723 people, or 1 in 5,849. In Croatia it is most common in: Lika-Senj County, where 30 percent live, Split-Dalmatia County, where 26 percent live and City of Zagreb, where 13 percent live. Barring Croatia it exists in 14 countries. It is also found in Serbia, where 4 percent live and Slovenia, where 4 percent live." https://web.archive.org/web/20231228114509/https://forebears.io/sur...

(2) "Lj (lj in lower case) is a letter present in some Slavic languages, such as the Latin version of Serbo-Croatian and in romanised Macedonian, where it represents a palatal lateral approximant /ʎ/. [...] The digraph is treated as a single letter, and therefore it has its own place in the alphabet, takes up only one space in crossword puzzles and is written in line in vertical text. However, it is not found on standard computer keyboards.[...]
The same sound appears in Italian spelled with ⟨gl⟩, in some variants of Spanish and Catalan as ⟨ll⟩, in Portuguese as ⟨lh⟩, in some Hungarian dialects as ⟨ly⟩ and in Latvian as ⟨l⟩. In Czech and Slovak, it is often transcribed as ⟨ľ⟩ (it is used more frequently on the latter language). " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lj_(digraph)&oldid=10626...

(3) "They are located in the most of Croatian counties, in 31 cities and 39 other places, mostly in Gospic (85), Zagreb (55), Split (50), Rijeka (30), and in Donji Dolac (25)." https://actacroatica.com/en/surname/Pezelj/

(4) "Naseljenici u ličkim selima 1700. godine [%E2%80%A6]
Udbina – doseljeni Bunjevci iz Podvelebita; Bižanović, Blažan, Ivković, Mesić, Jurčić, Robić, Rajković, Fumić, Sertić,... doseljeni Kranjci iz Gorskog Kotara; Pezelj, Tičac, Mance, Krznarić, Novačić, Sabljak.[...]
Izvor: A. Mohorovičić, M. Marković: Zbornik za narodni život i običaje, Knjiga 53, HAZU, Zagreb 1995. Preneseni podaci iz izvještaja senjskog biskupa Martina Borkovića, pisanog godine 1710." http://www.cro-eu.com/forum/index.php?topic=144.0;wap2 English Translation: "Settlers in Lika villages in 1700 [...]
Udbina - settled Bunjevci from Podvelebit; Bižanović, Blažan, Ivković, Mesić, Jurčić, Robić, Rajković, Fumić, Sertić,... settled Kranjci from Gorski Kotar ; Pezelj, Ticac, Mance, Krznarić, Novačić, Sabljak. [...]
Source: A. Mohorovičić, M. Markovic: Proceedings for Folk Life and Customs, Book 53, HAZU, Zagreb 1995. Transcribed data from the report of the bishop of Senj Martin Borković from 1710."

(5) "Bunjevci [...] are a South Slavic ethnic group living mostly in the Bačka region of northern Serbia and southern Hungary in the Bács-Kiskun County, particularly in the Baja region, in Croatia (e.g. Lika-Senj County, Slavonia, Split-Dalmatia County, Vukovar-Srijem County), and in Bosnia-Herzegovina. They presumably originate from western Herzegovina, whence they migrated to Dalmatia, and from there to Lika and the Croatian Littoral, and Bácska in the 17th century" https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bunjevci&oldid=1068799668

(6) In the book by Marko Mišerda, Monuments of the Poljica Highlands (Marko Mišerda, Spomenici Gornjih Poljica. Pisani spomenici na području Gornjih Poljica do propasti Poljica godine 1807) the oldest mention of the family Pezelj, i.e. in its old form, dates back to 1599 and from then continuously appears in historical documents within the domain of the highlands of the Republic or Principality of Poljica (where applicable: function/titel/profession, name(s), place of document, year/century):

Cinac Petar Pezeljević, Donji Dolac, 1599
Svjedok Andrija Pezeljević, Donje Polje (Donji Dolac), 1605
Cinac Tomica Pezeljević, Donji Dolac, 1615
Svjedok Tomša Pezeljević, Donje Polje, 1627
Svjedok Mikula Pezelević [sic!], Donji Dolac, 1627
Svjedok Nikola Pezeljević, Donji Dolac, 1629
Andrija Pezelević, Matija i Anton Pezelević, Donji Dolac, 1641
Svjedok knez Andrija Pezelj, Donji Dolac, XVII st.
Svjedok Andrija Pezlej [sic!], Donje Polje, 1654
Andrija Pezelević, Donji Dolac, 1655
Svjedog cinac, Andrija Pezelević, Donji Dolac, 1661
Svjedok Andrija Pezelević, Putišići, 1661
Svjedok knez Andrija Pezelević, Gornji Dolac, 1666
Svjedok Petar Pezeljević iz Doca, Dubrava, 1668
Svjedok Andrija Pezeljević, Donji Dolac, 1673
Svjedok Andrija Pezeljević, Donje Polje, 1674
Cinac Andrija Pezeljević, Donji Dolac, 1679
Petar Pezelj, Gardun, 1690
Svjedok Mati(ja) Pezelević, Putišići, 1699
Pezelević, Donji Dolac, XVIII
Petar Pezeljević, Poljica, 1700
Svjedok Matij Pezeljević, Donji Dolac, 1703
Svjedok Matij Pezeljević, Poljica, 1705
Svjedok knez Petar Pezegl, Putišići, 1707
Pezeljevići, Donji Dolac, 1711
Svjedok, Petar Pezeljević, Donji Dolac, 1713
knez Petar Pezeljević, Poljica, 1713
Svjedok don Ivan Pezeljić, Poljica, 1714
Svjedok, Petar Pezeljević, Poljica, 1714
Svjedok don Ivan Pezeljić, Poljica, 1714
Prokurator Matij Pezeljević, Split, 1717
Matij Pezelević, Poljica, 1720
Don Matij Pezelj, kapelan Garduna, 1731
Svjedok Anton Pezeljević, Gardun, 1744
knez Matija Pezeljević, Donji Dolac, 1745
knez Matij Pezelevića, Donji Dolac, 1752
Matij Pezelević, Donji Dolac, 1756
Pezeljići, Split, 1763
Marko Pezelj, Donji Dolac, 1766
Pezeljevići, Donji Dolac 1768
Matija Pezeljević, Petar Pezeljević, Mijo Pezeljević, Donji Dolac,    XVIII
Jure Pezelj, Stipan Pezelj, Donji Dolac, 1773-1792
Pezelevo, Donji Dolac, 1775
Svjedok, Ilija, sin Stipana Pezelja s Garduna, Donji Dolac, 1777
Svjedok, Ilija, sin Stipana Pezelja s Garduna, Donji Dolac, 1777
Stipe Pezelj s Garduna, Donji Dolac, 1782
Svjedok Jure Pezelj iz Doca, Putišići, 1783
Ivan Pezelj, Donji Dolac, 1785
Stipe Pezelj, Ducale Mletaka, 1790 u Sinju
Ivan Pezelj, Donji Dolac, 1792
Ivan Pezelj, Mijo, Jure, Stipan Pezelj, Putišić, 1794
brača Jure i Stipan Pezelj, Donji Dolac, 1798
Stipan Pezelj, Zadar, 1801
Jadra, Jure, Stipe, Ivan Pezelj, Donji Dolac, 1801
Svjedok, Pava Pezeljević, sin Stipanov, Donji Dolac, 1803

(6b) Bezić-Božanić, Nevenka. "Stivanska imena i prezimena 17. i 18. stoljeća." Ethnologica Dalmatica 10 (2001): 29-48. https://hrcak.srce.hr/108066 p43, last sentence in connectin with footnote 54: 1570 people from Poljica arrived in Sutivan, among them "Pezeljević"

(7) For example in connection with the story of the heroic death of prince don George Pezelj it is referred to him with different variations of the name Pezelj PAVICH, Alfons: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Republik Poljica bei Spalato mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die Reihenfolge der Veliki knez (Staatsoberhäupter). PAVICH: Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen aus Bosnien und Herzegowina, sv. 10, Sarajevo 1907, https://archive.org/stream/wissenschaftlic00hercgoog/wissenschaftli...

(8) Today one “Pesel” entry can be found in Triest, which is located at the Italian border with Slovenia (land) and Croatia (sea) http://www.gens.info/italia/it/turismo-viaggi-e-tradizioni-italia?t.... According to https://web.archive.org/web/20231228123734/https://forebears.io/sur... in fact there are 24 people with the name “Pesel” in Italy. All of them in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, which borders Istrian peninsula that is part of Slovenia and Croatia.

(9) MILIČEVIĆ, Risto: "Hercegovacka Prezimena", Beogard 2005

(9a) The Ialian language or dialects spoken in Venetian domains, like Split (or Korcula?), might have transformed Peselj, which i an obiously possible variation of the spelling, to Pešelj. "Pogledajmo sada kako stoji s utjecajem talijanskog jezika na oblikovanje prezimena u Splitu u 18. stoljeću. Praktično jedino prezime talijanskog korijena koje nema nikakve veze sa izvornim oblikom (Duplančić) jest prezime Šegvić, koje se izvodi od nadimka Segue,Seguetello (onaj koji slijedi) odnosno seguire = slijediti, uz napomenu da u splitskom dijalektu 's' postaje 'š' kao na pr. šubito, šoto, šuditi, šufit, Šanto itd. Prezimena Pavazza i Mladineo talijaniziraju se samo dočetkom, dok se prezime Lupi (ovo splitsku obitelj treba razlikovati od drugih obitelji Lupi diljem Dalmacije, a i šire) izvodi od nadimka obitelji Pezeljević koje je glasilo Vuk", https://dalmatinskiportal.hr/vijesti/nepo-kuzmanic--oko-3-600-clano...
English Translation "Now let's see how it stands with the influence of the Italian language on the formation of surnames in Split in the 18th century. Practically the only surname of the Italian root that has nothing to do with the original form (Duplančić) is the surname Šegvić, which is derived from the nickname Segue, Seguetello (the one that follows) or seguire = follow, noting that in the Split dialect 's' becomes 'š' as or example šubito, šoto, šuditi, šufit, Šanto, etc. surnames Pavazza and Mladineo are Italianized only by their welcome, while the surname Lupi (this Split family should be distinguished from other Lupi families throughout Dalmatia and beyond) is derived from the nickname of the Pezeljević family, which was the name Vuk [wolf]'."

(10) From local tradition it is knonw that Marko Pešelj and Antun Pešelj are descendants of a Nikola Pešelj, that seems to have married a woman from Korčula in 1610 and who appears in some documents from 1636. Interestingly a Mikola Pezelj is appears in Poljica documents arround 1620 this time. It is theoretically possible that this Pezelj married there 1610 and moved later on to the place his wife was from.

(11) "While the use of given names to identify individuals is attested in the oldest historical records, the advent of surnames is a relatively recent phenomenon.[5] Many cultures have used and continue to use additional descriptive terms in identifying individuals. These terms may indicate personal attributes, location of origin, occupation, parentage, patronage, adoption, or clan affiliation. These descriptors often developed into fixed clan identifications that in turn became family names as we know them today." https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surname&oldid=1069045761...

(12) Marko ŠARIČ, Predmoderne etnije u Lici I Krbavi prema popisu iz 1712./14., Izvorni znanstveni rad, Filozofski fakultet, Zagreb Zavod za hrvatsku povijest, "Mnoga od tih prezimena motivacijski su povezana sa starom stočarskom terminologijom, ili općenito s prirodnim i sociokulturnim ambijentom vlaških stočara. U prvoj skupini su prezimena izvedena iz balkanskoromanskog jezičnog naslijeđa, bilo s obzirom na tvorbenu osnovu ili na sufiksalne tvorbe 104, 104: Bačić, Bandić, Basarić, Basta, Bruja, Brujić, Bobanović, Bokulić, Bukarica, Buneta, Butorac, Čubrilo, Čuturilo, Ćupurdija, Dopuđa, Drača, Drakulić, Dukić, Dusper, Džodan, Eror, Gagulić, Galac, Galić, Galović, Guteša, Gredelj, Kecmanović, Kontić, Kordić, Krmpotić, Krneta, Kulješić, Labus, Macut, Mandarić, Maoduš, Mikulić, Orelj, Pađen, Pešut, Pezelj, Počuča, Rabatić, Radulović, Sekulić, Sovilj, Suša, Šepa, Škorić, Škundrić, Šobat, Štakić, Šulentić, Šuput, Šute, Tarbuk, Varda, Žakula, Žeželj." English Translation: "Marko ŠARIČ, Pre-modern ethnic groups in Lika I Krbava according to the 1712/14 census, Original scientific paper, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Zagreb Department of Croatian History, Many of these surnames are motivationally linked to ancient cattle terminology or, more generally, to the natural and socio-cultural ambience of the Vlach pastoralists. "In the first group, surnames are derived from the Balkan Roman linguistic heritage," either in relation to the formation base or to the suffix formations of 104, 104: Bačić, Bandić, Basarić, Basta, Bruja, Brujić, Bobanović, Bokulić, Bukarica, Buneta, Butorac, Čubrilo, Čuturilo, Ćupurdija, Dopuđa, Drača, Drakulić, Dukić, Dusper, Dzodan, Eror, Gagulić, Galac, Galić, Galović, Guteša, Gredelj, Kecmanović, Kontić, Kordić, Krmpotić, Krneta, Kulješić, Labus, Macut, Mandarić, Maoduš, Mikulić, Orelj, Pađen, Pešut, "Pezelj", Pocuča, Rabatić, Radulovic, Sekulić, Sovilj, Dürre, Šepa, Škorić, Škundrić, Šobat, Štakić, Šulentić, Šuput, Šute, Tarbuk, Varda, Žakula, Žeželj"

(13) Only the combination Russian – Bulgarian leads to a hit: https://translate.academic.ru/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB/bg/ru/ м диал 1. bench m (of earth near a wall); 2. (ниша) niche f.

(14) This event and act seemed to be of major importance as it was incorporated in the constitue of the principality - The Statute of Poljica (The Autonomous Principality of Poljica, March / June 1977, Edo Pivcevic, https://www.cuvalo.net/?p=49 „In the name of Jesus Christ, amen
[Article] 96. In the 1482nd year since His birth, on the fourteenth day of February, when Dujam Papalic was prince of Poljica and making his first circuit of Poljica with his magistrates and the entire court, administering justice according to the laws of Poljica, when he was in Donje Polje [Donji Dolac] by St. Martin’s, then did the noble men of Poljica called Limic accept into their ranks and neighbourhood all those among them who paid the tithe but had so far had no part in the judiciary and any other honour in Poljica; although some of them rejected it, a majority did communally accept it. And the prince and magistrates and the rest of the district of Poljica did allow and confirm it and resolve to record In the statute that the judiciary of Trvizi is theirs. And their names are recorded below: first don David Krickovic, Jurko Budacic and brethren, the Bogavcices, Slidinices, Tolenovices, Radinovices, Elovcic, Borovina, Zecices, Dabizivovices and the children of Pavle Tomasovic.“

(15) The Pezelj(-ich/-evich) is a branch from Budacich Familiy. (see Mate Mianović, veliki poljički knez." (PAVICH, Alfons: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Republik Poljica bei Spalato mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die Reihenfolge der Veliki knez (Staatsoberhäupter). PAVICH: Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen aus Bosnien und Herzegowina, sv. 10, Sarajevo 1907., str. 308-312. https://archive.org/stream/wissenschaftlic00hercgoog/wissenschaftli...: „Es folgt der Katalog der Vor- und Zunamen der betreffenden als Uradelige zugesellten und zum Rate und zur Gerichtsbarkeit zugelassenen Familien, wie jene oberwähnten aus dem Jahre 1482, vom 15. Dezember stammenden, welche die besonderen Privilegien des Poljicaner Adels genießen und immer und auch zur Zeit der freiwilligen Unterwerfung unter die venezianische Republik genossen haben:

Die Familien:
Crickovich genannt Stoissich, Milossevich,

Bogdan, Covich, Tiardovich, Tomicich
und Braich.

Budacich genannt Pezoglievich, Silovich und Vodanovich.

Jurko mit dem Bruder genannt Mandussich, Jakul und Manoglievich.

Bagancich genannt Pocovcich, Rusurich,
Covacich und Ratagl.

Slidincich genannt Manenicich, Bognacich, Miaglievich und Cordunovich.
Borovina genannt Borovich und Kurir.
Tomassevich genannt Petrovich.”

English Translation: "The following is the catalog of the first names and surnames of the families in question admitted as ancient nobles and admitted to the council and jurisdiction, such as those mentioned above dating from 1482, from December 15, which enjoy and have always enjoyed the special privileges of the Poljican nobility and also at the time of the voluntary submission to the Venetian Republic.
The families:
Crickovich called Stoissich, Milossevich,
Bogdan, Covich, Tiardovich, Tomicich
and Braich.
Budacich called Pezoglievich, Silovich and Vodanovich.
Jurko with the brother called Mandussich, Jakul and Manoglievich.
Bagancich called Pocovcich, Rusurich,
Covacich and Ratagl.
Slidincich called Manenicich, Bognacich, Miaglievich and Cordunovich.
Borovina called Borovich and Kurir.
Tomassevich called Petrovich.")

(16) [%E2%80%A6] the number of Poljica clergy greatly exceeded the actual number of parishes they served in. The Glagolites from Poljica served as parish priests throughout the entire diocese. There were also many who were without their own parish and lived with their families. („What Was the Name of the Glagolitic Seminary in Priko?” by Benedikta Zelic-Bucan“, https://www.cuvalo.net/?p=45)

(17) „Brojnost hrvatskih svećenika glagoljaša u Poljicima povezana je s činjenicom »da je svaka uglednija kuća željela imati barem jednog svećenika, da je stric svećenik nastojao odgojiti za svećenika barem nekoga od svojih sinovaca ili nećaka, kako bi komu imao ostaviti svoje knjige, jer one su se nasljeđivale kao veliko blago, a isto tako kako bi ostavio iza sebe onoga tko će za nj i za sve starije svete mise služiti, a mlađima prenositi baštinu vjere, radišnosti, poštenja, narod-
ne prosvjete i kulture.«“, DON FILIP BANIĆ (1858–1892), I OBITELJSKA ZADRUGA BANIĆA
U DONJEM DOCU, https://www.matica.hr/media/knjige/narodne-pjesme-iz-donjeg-doca-sr..., Englisch Translation: "The number of Croatian Glagolitic priests in Poljica is related to the fact that "every respectable house wanted to have at least one priest, that the uncle priest tried to educate at least one of his sons or nephews for a priest, so that he could leave his books to whom, because they were found as a great treasure, and also leave the one who would serve for him and for all the older holy masses, and to the younger ones to pass on the heritage of faith, hard work, honesty, not education and culture."

(18) In the Catholic Church, the secular clergy are ordained ministers, such as deacons and priests, who do not belong to a religious institute. While regular clergy take religious vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience and follow the rule of life of the institute to which they belong, secular clergy do not take vows, and they live in the world at large (secularity) rather than at a religious institute. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secular_clergy&oldid=106...

(19) For example such Dom George Pezelj was such a Glagolitic priest who was not only priest, but also “knez”, i.e. “prince”, German “Fürst”, “Eine Schar von Poljicanern war vorangeeilt, legte sich in den Hinterhalt und versperrte Perut Paschas Rückzugslinie. Als Perut am 2. Juli 1686 heranrückte, stürzten sich die Poljicaner, geführt von den heldenhaften Knezen Dom Georg Pezeglić und Johann Tomičić, auf sie wie Wölfe auf eine Schafherde. Es kam zu einem überaus blutigen Handgemenge. Pezeglić allein hieb 36 Türken die Köpfe ab, Tomičić beinahe einer gleichen Anzahl. Es fielen 19 junge Buljukbaschas, 2 Begs, 2 Alajbegs und ungezählte Mannschaften.” PAVICH, Alfons: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Republik Poljica bei Spalato mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die Reihenfolge der Veliki knez (Staatsoberhäupter). PAVICH: Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen aus Bosnien und Herzegowina, sv. 10, Sarajevo 1907, https://archive.org/stream/wissenschaftlic00hercgoog/wissenschaftli..., English translation: “A band of Poljicans had rushed ahead, laid in ambush and blocked Perut Pasha's line of retreat. When Perut advanced on July 2, 1686, the Poljicans, led by the heroic Knezes Dom Georg Pezeglić and Johann Tomičić, pounced on them like wolves on a flock of sheep. An exceedingly bloody melee ensued. Pezeglić alone cut off the heads of 36 Turks, Tomičić of almost an equal number. 19 young Buljukbashas, 2 Begs, 2 Alajbegs and uncounted teams fell.”

(20) Ante Lausic even mentions that Don George Pezelj was working in the field with two women, when suddenly the turks attact.

(21) “Da wir aber wissen, dass die Vermögensgrundlage der Poljicaner vor allem ihr Land darstellt, so wird daraus ganz deutlich, dass die Vlastelen und Didičen Grundbesitzer und zugleich Eigentümer der von ihnen abhängigen Kmeten (Knechte) sind” (B.D. Grekov, “Altkroatische Republik Poljica”), Seite 26), English Translation: “But since we know that the property base of the Poljicans is first of all their land, it is quite clear from this that the Vlastelen and Didičen are landowners and at the same time owners of the Kmeten (servants) dependent on them.”

(22) „Nach den Römern siedelten im Raum Passail Slawen. Passail soll vom slawischen Grundwort „Se(d)lo“ mit der Präposition „Po“ abgeleitet werden können und in etwa „bei, neben, hinter der Siedlung“ bedeuten, da die slawischen Siedler bereits einen römischen Hof vorfanden….Verschiedenste Schreibweisen von Passail waren: Pozile, Pozeil, Puzeil, Possel, Poseyle, Posel, Bosaeil, Posewl, Puseyl, Passayl (13. bis 16. Jahrhundert).“ English translation: After the Romans, Slavs settled in the Passail area. Passail is said to be derived from the Slavic root word "Se(d)lo" with the preposition "Po" and to mean approximately "near, next to, behind the settlement", since the Slavic settlers already found a Roman farm. ...Various spellings of Passail were: Pozile, Pozeil, Puzeil, Possel, Poseyle, Posel, Bosaeil, Posewl, Puseyl, Passayl (13th to 16th century). https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passail

(23) Coat of arms: Lion, holding in d. raised right three ears of wheat. - Small jewel: the lion growing. (Seal with initials of Stefan Péczely. By J. v. Csoma).There were and are different families of this name, which also had or have different coats of arms.(N. J. IX. 190-191). https://www.arcanum.com/hu/online-kiadvanyok/Siebmacher-siebmacher-...

(24) Eastern European heraldry is in the traditions developed in Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia and Ukraine. Eastern coats of arms are characterized by a pronounced, territorial, clan system – often, entire villages or military groups were granted the same coat of arms irrespective of family relationships. In Poland, nearly six hundred unrelated families are known to bear the same Jastrzębiec coat of arms. Marks of cadency are almost unknown, and shields are generally very simple, with only one charge. Many heraldic shields derive from ancient house marks. At least fifteen per cent of all Hungarian personal arms bear a severed Turk's head, referring to their wars against the Ottoman Empire.[104][105] https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heraldry&oldid=106586384...

(25) "Pacta conventa (Latin for "agreed accords") was an agreement concluded between King Coloman of Hungary and the Croatian nobility in 1102 or afterwards, defining the status of Croatia in the union with Hungary. The earliest manuscript of the document is of the fourteenth century, so some historians believe it is likely a forgery. [Regardless of the documents' status, said agreement was de facto status for about 800 years]" https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pacta_conventa_(Croatia)...

(26)" Ignaz von Peczely Ignaz von Peczely was a Hungarian scientist, physician,[1][2] homeopath, considered the father of modern iridology.[...] Born January 26, 1826 in Monyorókerékfrom [=Eberau]", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ignaz_von_Peczely&oldid=...

(27) Gemeindegliederung
Das Gemeindegebiet umfasst folgende fünf Ortschaften (in Klammern Einwohnerzahl Stand 1. Jänner 2021[2]):

   • Eberau (379) 

   • Gaas (ung.: Pinkakertes, kroat.: Kerteš) (272) 

   • Kroatisch Ehrensdorf (ung.: Horváthásos, kroat.: Hrvatski Hašaš) (69) 

   • Kulm im Burgenland (ung.: Kólom, kroat.: Kulma) (125) 

   • Winten (ung.: Pinkatófalu, kroat.: Faluba) (83)” 

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eberau English Translation: Municipal structure

The municipality comprises the following five villages (in parentheses: number of inhabitants as of January 1, 2021[2]):

   Eberau (379)

   Gaas (Hungarian: Pinkakertes, Croatian: Kerteš) (272)

   Croatian Ehrensdorf (Hungarian: Horváthásos, Croatian: Hrvatski Hašaš) (69)

   Kulm in Burgenland (Hungarian: Kólom, Croatian: Kulma) (125)

   Winten (Hungarian: Pinkatófalu, Croatian: Faluba) (83)

(28) "Burgenland Croats began to emigrate from Lika, Krbava, Kordun, Banovina, Moslavina and Western Bosnia. These areas were occupied by the Turks in the 16th century during the Turkish wars (1533–1584). The refugee Croats were given land and independent ecclesiastical rights by the Austrian King Ferdinand I, because many of their villages had been pillaged by the Turks. This gave the Croats a safe place to live while providing Austria with a buffer zone between Vienna and the Ottoman Empire to the south and east.
Theory of origin of Burgenland Croats.

The first wave of emigration came in the 1530s, after the Turks destroyed almost all the settlements between the river Una and the mountain Velebit, along with the land between the river Kupa and the mountain range Kapela. In the second wave of emigration in the 1540s, many Croats left Slavonia. The third and last wave of emigration, came in the 1750s and 1760s." (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burgenland&oldid=1068147...)

They can be also found in historic and modern day Hungary, too. "The Croats of Burgenland belong to the same group as their relatives on the other side of the modern-day border with Hungary. " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burgenland&oldid=1068147....

(29) In 1688 German settlers arrived. Only about one-quarter of the city's population was Hungarian, the others were Germans or Southern Slavs. Census of taxpayers from 1698 lists 637 families for which Janja Živković Mandić concludes that 308 were of Croatian nationality (Catholics Croats, Racs, Šokci, Bunjevci, Illyrians, Slavs, Bosniaks) and the remaining 329 were Hungarians, Germans, Serbs or Greeks. According to same census István Tabo mentions 171 Hungarian, 349 Slavs and 79 Germans while Đuro Šarošac mentions that at that time in the city lived 325 Croats, 139 Hungarians, 92 Germans, 53 Vlachs and 28 Serbs.[12] According to 1698 data, South Slavs comprised more than half of the population of the town. Because Hungarians were only a minority of the population, Pécs did not support the revolution against Habsburg rule led by Francis II Rákóczi, and his armies pillaged the city in 1704. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9cs#Notable_people_born_in_P%C3...

(30) The Bunjevci moved in several waves (see https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bunjevci&oldid=106879966...) from Bosnia to Dalmatia, then further to the west near the Adriatic see, near todays borders with Slovenia and Italy then further along the so called millitary frontier of which Pécs (Hungary near Croatian border) and the Burgenland (Borderland of Austria and Hungary) were also parts.

(31) http://www.cro-eu.com/forum/index.php?topic=144.0;wap2 Naseljenici u ličkim selima 1700. godine [%E2%80%A6] Izvor: A. Mohorovičić, M. Marković: Zbornik za narodni život i običaje, Knjiga 53, HAZU, Zagreb 1995. Preneseni podaci iz izvještaja senjskog biskupa Martina Borkovića, pisanog godine 1710.: [...] Udbina – doseljeni Bunjevci iz Podvelebita; Bižanović, Blažan, Ivković, Mesić, Jurčić, Robić, Rajković, Fumić, Sertić,... doseljeni Kranjci iz Gorskog Kotara; Pezelj, Tičaci, Manceii, Krznarić, Novačić, Sabljak.
English Translation: Settlers in lika villages in 1700 [...] Source: A. Mohorovičić, M. Markovic: Proceedings for Folk Life and Customs, Book 53, HAZU, Zagreb 1995. Transferred data from the report of the Bishop of Senj Martin Borković, written in 1710: [...] "Udbina" – immigrant Bunjevci from Podvelebit; Bizanovic, Blažan, Ivković, Mesic, Jurcic, Robic, Rajković, Fumić, Sertić,... "Immigrant Kranjci from Gorski Kotar; Pezelj,"' Ticaci, Manceii, Krznarić, Novačić, Sabljak.

(31a) Tako su Brinjani i Stajničari pod vodstvom Nikole Holjevca i Stjepana Pezelja
naselili Udbinu i Podlapaču, Otočani sa svojim starješinom Mudrovčićem Ribnik, Budak i dio
Široke Kule, a skupine pod vodstvom Marijana Kneževića selo Mutilić. (LIČKA KRAJIŠKA PJEŠAČKA PUKOVNIJA U RAZDOBLJU OD 1736. DO 1809. GODINE
2019. urn:nbn:hr:111:294165, Balić, Juraj, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Fakultet hrvatskih studija
https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:111:294165, page 70). English translation: "Thus, the Brinjani and Stajnici, led by Nikola Holjevac and Stjepan Pezelj, settled Udbina and Podlapač, the Otocaci with their elder Mudrovčić Ribnik, Budak and parts of Siroka Kula, and groups led by Marijan Knežević settled the village of Mutilić. (LIKA KRAJISKA INFANTEREGIMENT FROM 1736 TO 1809 2019 urn:nbn:hr:111:294165, Balić, Juraj, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Croatian Studies https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:111:294165, page 70)"

(31b) “Auch die Dalmatiner unter Anführung der Serdars Janković und Smiljanić drangen in die Lika, wohin wieder der 'General Herberstein' von seiner Mission zurückkam, und mit Hilfe desselben, dann der Kriegsanführer Knežević und Došen, Jerko Rukavina und Dujam Kovačević mit den Uskoken von Kompolje, Kermpote, Ledenice, Stainica, Berlog und Otočac , unter Mitwirkung der Erzprieſter Marko Mesić, Zdunić, 'Holjevac', Orešković, 'Pezelj' und Novačić haben sie die festen Schlösser Bilai und Bunić, endlich auch Udbina von den Türken ganz befreit, während die in Perušić ansäßig gewesenen Türken sich selbst ergaben, die Taufe annahmen, und in ihren Besitzungen blieben. So sind die Türken, wie obgedacht, im Jahre 1689 über das Plišivica - Gebirge vertrieben,...” (OTOČANER Regiments-Geschichte Vom Ursprung dieſsr Gegend, ihrer Bevölkerung und ihrer Schicksale. in zwei Bänden und drei Hauptſtücken, verfaßt im Jahre 1851, 1852 und 1853 zu Otočac von Franz Bach, f. k. Major im Ruhestande, p. 6-7). English Translation: “Dalmatians led by Serdars Janković and Smiljanić also entered Lika, where again 'General Herberstein' returned from his mission, and with the help of the same, then war leaders Knežević and Došen, Jerko Rukavina and Dujam Kovačević with the Uskoks of Kompolje, Kermpote, Ledenice, Stainica, Berlog and Otočac , with the cooperation of the archprieſters Marko Mesić, Zdunić, 'Holjevac', Orešković, 'Pezelj' and Novačić they completely liberated the strong castles 'Bilai' and 'Bunić', finally also 'Udbina' from the Turks, while the Turks who had been settled in Perušić surrendered themselves , accepted baptism, and remained in their possessions. Thus, as mentioned above, in '1689' the Turks were expelled over the Plišivica mountains”

(32) https://kovceg.tripod.com/1899_Ivanic/1899_Ivanic_Bunjevci_i_Sokci.htm U naglasku je velika razlika između Bunjevaca i Kranjaca." [Kranjce u Lici naselio je pop Marko Mesić oko Gospića: po Kaniži, Bjelaju, Novom, Mušaluku, Osijeku i po Budaku; Nikola Holjevac i Stevan Pezelj naselili su Kranjce na Udbini, Tesliću i Podlapači. Starešina Mudrovčić naselio ih je po Ribniku, Budaku i Širokoj Kuli. (M. Grbić I.) M. Sladović pak veli: „Pučanstvo preko gvozdansko, a to je preko Kapele jest kranjskog porjekla: u Modrušu, Munjavi, Zagorju, Oštariji, Gener. Stolu, Lešću, Bilaju, Novom, Ribniku, Brušanima, Kosinju, Kaluđercu i Kuterevu. Oni su vrlo pobožni, mirne krvi, radeni. Rade grnčarske poslove i drveno posuđe. Nose beo gunjac i odelo od belog sukna. Naročito žensko odelo pokazuje da su kranjskog porekla.
I Srbi i Bunjevci zovu ih Kranjcima, pa tako se i sami zovu. Bunjevci, ma da su jedne vere s njima, znatno se razlikuju. Još se ne zna, da li su oni pravi Kranjci (Slovenci) ili ostaci Hrvata, izbeglih u Kranjsku.]
{118} Mi ovo razlaganje o jeziku završujemo sa izrekom Pešela [sic!]: „Narodi, koje zajednica jezika spaja, izvesno su jednog istog porekla."
English Translation: In the accent there is a big difference between Bunjevci and Kranjac." [Kranjce in Lika was settled by pop Marko Mesić around Gospić: in Kaniza, Bjelaj, Novi, Mušaluk, Osijek and budak; "Nikola Holjevac and Stevan Pezelj settled Kranjce on Udbina", Teslić and Podlapača. Starišina Mudrovčić settled them on Ribnik, Budak and Široki Kula. (M. Grbić I.) M. Sladović, meanwhile, said: "The population through Gvozdansko, which is through Kapele, is of Kranjci origin: in Modruš, Lightning, Zagorje, Oštrija, Gener. Table, Lešće, Bilaj, Novi, Ribnik, Brušani, Kosinj, Kaluđerc and Kuterev. They're very pious, calm-blooded, working. They do pottery work and wooden utensils. They're wearing a white grunt and a white "sukna" suit. Especially the women's suit shows that they are of Kranj origin.
Both Serbs and Bunjevci call them Kranjci, and so they call themselves. Bunjevci, no matter that one faith is with them, are very different. It is not yet known whether they are real Kranjci (Slovenians) or the remains of Croats, escaped in Kranjsk.]
{118} We end this discussion of the language with the saying of Pezel [sic!]: "The people, whom the language community brings together, are certainly of the same origin."

(32a) Tablica 3. Viši časnici Ličke krajiške pukovnije 1746. godine [%E2%80%A6] satnici – Niko Holjevac, Stipan Pezelj (Balić, Juraj, “LIČKA KRAJIŠKA PJEŠAČKA PUKOVNIJA U RAZDOBLJU OD 1736. DO 1809.” Dissertation from 2019. urn:nbn:hr:111:294165, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Fakultet hrvatskih studija https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:111:294165, page 138). English Translation: "Table 3 High-ranking officers of the Lika Grenzer regiment in 1746 [...] Captains - Niko Holjevac, Stipan Pezelj"

(32b) Dem Hauptmanne Johann Kosanović war ebenfalls 'im Jahre 1822' eine Kolonne zur Auffangung der Räuber gegeben. Dieser kam in der Folge mit einer Räuberbande in das Handgemenge, er selbst wurde blessirt, der 'Feldwebel Pezelj' und Korporal Radaković blieben
todt und der Gefreite Milivoj Dopudja war an beiden Füßen schwer verwundet; doch wurden auch drei Räuber erschossen. (OTOČANER Regiments-Geschichte Vom Ursprung dieser Gegend, ihrer Bevölkerung und ihrer Schicksale. in zwei Bänden und drei Hauptſtücken, verfaßt im Jahre 1851, 1852 und 1853 zu Otočac von Franz Bach, f. k. Major im Ruhestande, p. 6-7). English Translation: “The captain Johann Kosanović was also given a unit to catch the robbers 'in 1822'. He subsequently got into a scuffle with a band of robbers, he himself was wounded, 'Sergeant Pezelj' and Corporal Radaković remained dead and Private Milivoj Dopudja was severely wounded in both feet; however, three robbers were also shot.”

(33) Marko ŠARIČ, Predmoderne etnije u liCi I krbaVi prema popisu iz 1712./14., Izvorni znanstveni rad, Filozofski fakultet, Zagreb
Zavod za hrvatsku povijest, Kapetani/, Premodern ethnicities in Lika I krbaVi according to the list from 1712/14, Original scientific paper, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Zagreb
Institute for Croatian History, "Captains"': Dobrivoj Knežević (Bunić), Jure Holjevac (Podlapac), Ivan Mesić stariji (Udbina), Ivan Mesić mlađi (Perušić), Nikola Rukavina, Bevandić (Novi), Georg Portner (Bilaj), Pave Mudrovčić (Ribnik), Filip Bogdanić (Medak), Ivan Rukavina (Vrebac), Stojan Kovačević (Lovinac), Miho Božić (Gračac),Vukelja Novaković (Zrmanja-Popina). Porkulabi: Ilija Funduk (Korenica), Predoje Zaklan (Bunić), Ivan Čorak (Pišać), Joveta Mandić (Jošani), Milak Marinković (Mekinjar), Mate Novačić (Udbina), Dubravčić (Mutilić), Mikula Cvjetičanin (Visuć), Medak Radaković (Srednjagora), Matajić (Komić), Marko Krajina (Bruvno), Stoša Zorić
(Mazin), Janko Jurišić (Perušić), Mate Orešković (Kaluđerovac), Miloš Starčević (Pazarište), Vuk Mesić (Budak), Mate Nikšić (Široka Kula), Vukadin Stanković (Barlete-Ostrovica), Ognjen Obradović (Divoselo), Vučić Vitas (Počitelj), Vukadin Ljuština (Medak), Stipan Korica (Mogorić), Petar Vrkljan (Lovinac), Jovan Došenović (Gračac), Petar Krmpotić (Zrmanja-Popina) Zastavnici/Ensigns: Radivoj Drakulić (Korenica), Vučić Orlić (Korenica), Mihajlo Smiljanić (Pišać), Sava Mandić (Jošani), Vuk Potkonjak (Mekinjar), Mate Pezelj (Udbina), Mijat Vukmanović (Komić), Grube Vojnović (Mazin), Janko Kreković (Perušić), Medo Vrkljan (Pazarište), Dujam Kovačević (Smiljan), Mate Zdunić (Novi), Grga Sukizić (Budak), Mitar Mileusnić (Široka Kula), Marko Savatović (Barlete-Ostrovica), Vuk Potkonjak (Divoselo), Radasin Suknajić (Medak), Radivoj Vučković (Mogorić), Marko Štulić (Ploča), Ivan Kovačević (Lovinac), Stipan Sovilj (Gračac), Vuk Pupovac (Zrmanja-Popina).

(33a)Vođe kliskih ustanika iz 'bune' od '1580-1586' smješteni su dakle u Senj i unišli su u ratničku spremu uskočku u kojoj su se mnogo isticali, a od njih naročito Rupčići. Iz navedenih spomenika mogu se utvrditi dvije veće seobe i jedna manja s toga zemljišta između Klisa i Šibenika na ono na tadanjem krajiškom području u Senju i okolini. Ona prva velika sa 860 čeljadi izvršena je na ravnicama ili kraškim poljima iznad Bakra na po¬ sjedu Zrinskih. Njeno naselno zemljište lako je prema tome utvrditi.

Za drugu vele isprave da je izvedena tako da su Senjani sa sobom poveli cijelo jedno selo. Jasno je otuda da su i ti prebjezi smješteni negdje na zemljištu koje je bilo u vezi sa djelovanjem senjskih ratnika. Kako nema vijesti da su naseljeni na imanjima Frankopana ili Zrinskih, koji su bili susjedi Senjanima, najvjerojatnije je da su se nastanili u samom Senju, kako ih i onako nije bilo toliko mnogo koliko u prvoj seobi, u kojoj je učestvovalo jedno 200 porodica.

Ona treća grupa prebjega, u kojoj su sudjelovale same vođe ustanika, izvršena je izravno u Senj.

Kod tih seoba poznato je i zemljište seljenja i naseljavanja.
'Seobe su izvršene ili iz Klisa ili' s njegova područja. Klisko tursko tvrđavno područje zahvatalo je klisku okolinu, trogirsku Zagoru i zemljište 'između Klisa i srednje Cetine'. Sa ovoga posljednjega dijela jedan od spomenika o tom ustanku navodi poimence sela:

Dugo Polje, Cistu i 'Dicmo' kao ona koja su se htjela podložiti austrijskoj vlasti. 6” (STJEPAN PAVIČIĆ: “SEOBE I NASELJA U LICI” in “ZBORNIK ZA NARODNI ŽIVOT I OBIČAJE KNJIGA ANTROPOGEOGRAFSKA JUŽNIH SLAVENA 41 ISTRAŽIVANJA III” edited by BRANIMIR GUŠiĆ)
English Translation:
The leaders of the Klis insurgents from the "Uprising" of "1580-1586" were therefore placed in Senj and incorporated into the Uskoks' war preparations, in which they particularly stood out, especially Rupčići. Based on these monuments, two major and one minor migration from the area between Klis and Sibenik to the then Krajina area can be identified in Senj and its surroundings. The first major one with 860 people was carried out on the plains or karst fields above Bakar on the lands of the Zrinski. Their settlement area is accordingly easy to determine.

For the second one, they show that it was carried out in such a way that the Senjans took a whole village. From this it follows that these defectors are also settled somewhere on the land that was connected with the activities of the Senjan warriors. Since there is no news that they lived on the lands of the Frankopans or Zrinskis, the neighbors of the Senjans, it is most likely that they settled in Senj itself, since there were not as many of them as in the first migration, in which about 200 families participated.

The third group of defectors, involving the leaders of the insurgents themselves, was carried out directly in Senj.

In these migrations, the country where they settled is also known.
The migrations were either from Klis or from its territory. The area of the Turkish fortress of Klis influenced the surroundings of Klis, the Zagora of Trogir and the land "between Klis and the middle Cetina". From this last part, in one of the monuments about this uprising, the villages are listed by name:

Dugo Polje, Cistu and 'Dicmo' as those who wanted to submit to the Austrian authorities. 6" (STJEPAN PAVIČIĆ: "MIGRATIONS AND SEDULATIONS IN LIKA" IN "BOOKS OF PEOPLE'S LIFE AND DETERMINATIONS OF THE ANTHROPOGRAPHIC SOUTHERN STATES 41 EXPLORES III", edited by BRANIMIR GUŠIĆ).

(33b) ibidem
p. 205:
Današnje je stanje, prema popisu od 1931. ovakvo-7Today's situation, according to the list since 1931, is like this:
[%E2%80%A6]
Smiljansko Polje: Čanići 1, Došeni 9, Rukavine 8, Serdari 2, Jeli­
nići 2, Tomljenovići 4, Pezelji 8, Pavičići 2, Šarići 2, Marasi 2,
Šikići 3, Devčići 1, Starčevići 5, Mažurani 1, Župani 1, Sokolići 1.
Srbi: Rajčevići 4, Pejnovići 7, Plećaši 2, Lemajići 17, Vraneši 15,
Vujnovići 1, Mileusnići 2.

Baćinac: Pezelji 15, Blaževići 1, Devčići 15.
Milkovića varoš: Milkovići 16, Pekasi 5, Karlići 1, Baburići 1,
Tomljenovići 1, Blaževići 1, Milinkovići 1, Prpići 1, Franići 4, Ša­
rići 2, Ilić 6.

Laktići: Laktići 2, Bašići 3, Pezelji 1, Milkovići 4, Baburići 1.

Bužim: Ćaćići 3, Pezelj 8, Šarići 7, Uzelci 13, Pavičići 7, Prpići 7,

Kako se vidi, u tom
vremenskom razmaku [1696. i 1712] doselilo je na novsko područje još nešto no­
vih doseljenika, i to će biti uglavnom oni iz bunjevačke, goranske
i primorske struje./As seen, in this
time gap [1696 and 1712] moved to the New Territory somewhat more than
immigrants, and it will be mainly those from Bunjevci, Gorski Kotar
and coastal currents.

p. 209:
Bunjevci: Brkljačići 21, kasnije doseljeni/later immigrated: Došeni 1, Erege 1,
Kolačevići 1, Milinkovići 12, Pavelići 2, Pavičići 1, Pezelji 2, Rude-
lići 1, Rukavine 14, Vranići 1, Vukelići 1.

p. 210:
Pod podrijetlu su i po strujama Gospićani ovakvoga stanja/The origins of the Gospicans of this condition are also under the origin::
Bunjevci: Adžije 2 k., Bačići 1, Baleni 1, Balenovići 2, Biondići 1,
Brkljačići 9, Brmbolići 2, Bušljete 2, Čuline 1, Ćaćići 2, Ćubelići 1,
Devčići 10, Došeni 6, Duići 4, Dundovići 1, Filipovići 1, Franići 4,
Golci 3, Gopci 3, Grospići 1, I vezici 1, Japunčići 1, Jelinići 3, Jova-
novići 1, Kolačevići 6, Krmpotići 2, Krpani 2, Levari 3, Lulici 1,
Mandekići 1, Marasi 2, Markovići 5, Matijevići 1, Mažurani 3, Mi-
kezi 1, Miletići 1, Milinovići 1, Milinkovići 2, Milkovići 10, Mišku-
lini 3, Pavelići 9, Pavičići 7, Pećine 2, Pezelji 2, Popovići 1, Prpići 7,
Rogići 1, Rukavine 11, Starčevići 8, Suknajići 1, Šarići 2, Šikići 4,
Šimići 3, Šnarići 1, Špalji 1, Tomičići 1, Tomljenovići 5, Uzelci 2,
Vrkljani 1, Vukelići 6, Vukšinići 1, Zupčići 2, Župani 2.
Kako se vidi, Bunjevci su u Gospić doselili ponajviše sa smiljan-
skoga i pazariškoga područja. Njihovi su rodovi kućama i najobil­
niji, a prema tome i najstariji u Gospiću. Bunjevci će danas u tom
mjestu imati do 200 kuća, te su u hrvatskom stalnom naselju u
njemu razmjerno najjači.

p. 220:
Za Udbinu je Brajković 1700. javio da se u njoj nalazi oko dva­
deset kuća Bunjevaca. Desetak godina kasnije, prema popisu od
1712, stanje naselja u tom mjestu bilo je ovakvo/Brajković reported to Udbina in 1700 that it contained about two ten houses of Bunjevci.
A dozen years later, according to a census of 1712, the state of the settlements in that place was like this:

Bašić 7 čeljadi, Bižanović 9, Blažanin 10; 2 k., Crvenković 6, Gajer 8;
2 k., Galijan 8, Gladuša 4, Ivković 7, Jurčić 8, Karakaš 6, Kosinac 12,.
Kotoranin 7, Krmpotić 6; 16 k., Krznarić 10, 6; 13 k., Majerle 4;
1 k., Mance 7, Mesić 2, 11; 8 k., Novačić 7, 4, 9; 13 k., Perković 6,
Rajković 18, 4; 17 k., Rosandić 5; 2 k., Ružić 12, Sabljak 11; 8 k.,
Santić 6, Sertić 12; 25 k., Robić 4, Stanković 7, 9; 6 k., Stošić 7,
Studen 5, Pezelj 8, Šutija 6, 5 k., Tičak 6; 5 k., Tuteković 7; 1 k.,
Toljan 8, Trtanj 15; 5, 5; .17 k., Fran 8; 4' k„ Robić 8, Fumić 11;
ukupno: 527 čeljadi.

P. 281:
Pezelj Podg. 1, Smilj. 40, petr. 6, sis. 2, pož. 1.

(34) "Ostale su sa toga podgorskoga zemljišta prešle kroz Velebit u Pazarišta, u Smiljan ili na lovinačko područje, sudjelujući u onim velikim naseljavanjima što su bila izvršena oko 1689. U tom su na starom podgorskom tlu ili ostajali dijelovi njihovih porodica, ili su one u potpunosti prelazile na novo zemljište. Na prvi način razvijale su se ove porodice: Baburići, Baćići,- Bileni, Borovci, Brkljačići, Budaci, Čačići, Čuljati, Dokozići, Došeni, Dragičevići, Dundovići, Jelinići, Jerkovići, Kriškovići, Legci ili Legčevići, Marasi, doselili iz Radovina, Marinci, Milinovići, Milkovići, Modrici, Mršići, Pavičići, Pezelji, Pilipići, Rudelići, Šarići, Šegote, Šikići, Šuperi, Tićci i Vukše. Iz podgorja iselili su potpuno ili su se na tom tlu već rasuli, Badžek, Beronići, Biškupovići, Brkići, Brmbolići, Brmbote, Čanići, Čavčići, Cubelići, Despoti, Dorići, Franići, Gnjatovići, Gopci, Hodači, Ivaniši, Ivanušići, Ivezići, Jagari, Japunčići, Jelići, Klarići, Klepići, Kneževići, Kolačevići, Kovačevići, Krunici, Kučani, Laktići, Lukci ili Lukeevići, Luići, Lulici, Markovinovići, Mašići, Mesine, Mrkobradi, Mrsnići, Osmokrovići, Panjići, Pastuovići, Pavletići, Pekasi, Peršići, Pešuti, Račići, Ružici, Serdari, Skenderi, Sorići, Stipci, Stipanovići, Strmotići, Šilovići, Šimići, Špelići, Šulentići, Tićci, Tiljak, Vlatkovići, Vrkljani, Vučkovići, Zorići, Živkovići i Župani." "Seobe i naselja u Lici.", Stjepan Pavičić, Zagreb [Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti], [1962], in Zbornik za narodni život i običaje južnih slavena, knj. 41. Antropogeo grafska istraživanja, Nr. 3, p 244-245)
English Translation: "From this land of Podgorje, the others crossed through Velebit into Pazarište, smiljan or the hunting area, participating in those large settlements that were carried out around 1689. In this area, parts of their families either remained on the old podgorje soil, or they completely switched to new land. In the first way, these families developed: Baburići, Baćići,- Bileni, Borovci, Brkljačići, Budaci, Cacics, Čuljati, Dokozići, Došeni, Dragičevići, Dundovići, Jelinići, Jerkovići, Kriškovići, Legci or Legčevići, Marasi, moved from Radovin, Marinci, Milinovići, Milkovići, Modrici, Mršići, Pavičići, Pezelji, Pilipići, Rudelići, Šarići, Šegote, Šikići, Šuperi, Tićci and Vukše. They moved out of the undergrecine completely or already scattered on this soil, Badžek, Beronići, Biškupovići, Brkići, Brmbolići, Brmbote, Čanići, Čavčići, Cubelići, Despoti, Dorići, Franici, Gnjatovići, Gopci, Hodači, Ivaniši, Ivanušići, Ivezići, Jagari, Japunčići, Jelići, Klarići, Klepići, Kneževići, Kolačevići, Kovačevići, Krunici, Kucans, Laktići, Lukci or Lukeevići, Luici, Lulici, Markovinovići, Mašići, Mesa, Mrkobradi, Mrsnici, Osmokrovići, Panjići, Pastuovići, Pavletići, Pavleći, Pekasi, Peršići, Pešuti, Račići, Ružici, Serdari, Skenderi, Sorići, Stipci, Stipanovići, Strmotići, Šilovići, Šimići, Špelići, Šulentici, Tićci, Tiljak, Vlatkovići, Vrkljani, Vuckovici, Zorici, Zivkovici and Župani."

(35) Borga Grande Veli Varoš (Split), Čaporice (Split Area), Dicmo (Sinj Area) are from the cataologue of Grand Prince or Conte Mate Mianovich, 1799. Gardun (Poljica), Donji Dolac (see e.g. footnote 15)

(36) It can also be found in the church books of these parishes and the historical documents collected by Marko Mišerda (see footnote 6).

(36a) "PEZELJEVIĆ - VUK - ŁUPI
Ova poljićka obitelj pripada starijem razdoblju, jer su neprekidno prisutni u gradu od 1625. godine. Od sredine 17. stoljeća javlja se nadimak Vuk (Vukov), koji vrlo ćesto ima funkciju prezimena. Teźaćka obitelj, nastanjena u Velom Varosu, biljeźi izvjestan napredak na socijalnoj Ijestvici u drugo] polovici 18. stoljeća, otkada ih susrećemo kao majstore, Vrlo je vjerojatno da je njihov uspon vezan uz svecenika Matu Pezeljevića (1706-1772), koji je moźda dao poticaj za promjenu prezimena u Łupi. Oćita talijanizacija prezimena prvi put je żabiIjeźena 1759. godine u obliku Pezeljevic Lupi." https://arhiv.slobodnadalmacija.hr/pvpages/pvpages/viewPage/?pv_pag....
Enlish Translation: "This family from Poljica belongs to the older period, because they are continuously present in the city since 1625. Since the middle of the 17th century the nickname Vuk (Vukov) appears, which very often has the function of a surname.The agricultural family, settled in Veli Varos, recorded a certain improvement on the social ladder in the second half of the 18th century, as we find them as masters. It is very likely that their rise is related to the priest Mato Pezeljević (1706-1772), who perhaps also gave an impuls to change the surname to Lupi. Italianization of the family name was first recorded in 1759 in the form of Pezeljevic Lupi."

(37) “Serafino Razzi in his work Cronica Vastese (1576–1577) wrote that the Slavs who came across the sea founded in Molise region settlements San Felice, Montemitro, Acquaviva Collecroce, Palata, Tavenna, Ripalta, San Giacomo degli Schiavoni, Montelongo, San Biase, Petacciato, Cerritello, Sant'Angelo and Montenero di Bisaccia.Other Slavs settled in Vasto, Forcabobolani, San Silvestro, Vacri, Casacanditella, Francavilla al Mare, and in Abruzzo am ong others. For the Slavic congregation in Rome was established Illyrian brotherhood of St. Jerome, which was confirmed by Pope Nicholas V in 1452. Slavs founded fifteen settlements in Molise, according to Giacomo Scotti with around seven or eight thousand people, of which only three (San Felice, Montemitro, Acquaviva Collecroce) today have a Slavic-speaking community.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molise_Croats

(38) Ženske kapice scufie nalazimo također u inventarima. Jedna takva je u inventaru Petra Venture pok. ser Grge, zvanog Pezelj (Pexel), građanina Zadra, izrađena od zlata i sa zlatnom čipkom: Vna scufia doro da donna vn merleto doro cum corniole dar dise … per lire 23 de raso da mise...Inventar Petra de Ventura q. Ser Gargi cognomi Pexel ciuis Iadre." (Ivna Anzulović: "Ukrasno uporabni predmeti na zadarskom području u povijesnim izvorima od 13. do konca 16. st", Radovi Zavoda za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zadru, No. 49, 2007.), https://hrcak.srce.hr/26687. English Translation: "Ladies scufie hat can also be found in the inventory. One of them is in the inventory of Petra Venture of the late Sir Gregory, alias Pezelj (Pexel), a citizen of Zadar, made of gold and with gold lace:"

(39) A. Duišin: Pleme Miroslavić. Glasnik heraldike, 2(1938) 1/2, p. 19–25; 3/4, p. 21–25, https://media.geni.com/p13/3b/2b/10/14/534448437a07f18e/prezimena_plemena_miroslavic_large.jpg?hash=8b879efb83aa44335ef2dcd76b4d16624f1bba68474711766cd7ea23e88629dd.1715583599 (see also e.g. footnote 15 with the list from Mate Mianovic).