Lantfrid I, Duke of the Alemannians

Will Medlands find a primary source it respects to add this person to Gotfid's family? Hmm...
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He was co-Duke of Alemannia (709, with his brother Theutbald). He codified the Lex Alamannorum Lanfridana in 720.

From the English Wikipedia page on Lantfrid:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantfrid

Lantfrid (also Landfrid or Lanfred, Latinised Lantfridus or Lanfredus, died 730) was duke of Alamannia under Frankish sovereignty from 709 until his death.

He was the son of duke Gotfrid. Lantfrid's brother was Theudebald.

Following Gotfrid's death in 709 and the accession of Lantfrid and his brother Theudebald, the Frankish maior domus Pepin of Herstal invaded Alamannia and fought against yet another duke, Willehari, whose territory was restricted to the Ortenau in western Alamannia.[1]

This campaign can be seen as an attempt by Pepin to impose royal authority on the duchy following the death of Gotfrid and also to assert his right to influence or even control the succession within the duchy. Pepin’s campaign against Willehari might therefore have taken place to assist Lantfrid and Theudebald in their claim for the duchy.[2] However, both Lantfrid and Theudebald were hostile to Pepin’s successor.

After Pipin’s death in 714, Lantfrid dissolved all links with the royal court and its new maior domus Charles Martell.[3]

Alamannic resistance against Frankish supremacy was tenacious. In 722 Charles Martel forcefully subdued the duchies of Alamannia and Bavaria but in the following year both duchies again rose against Carolingian supremacy.[4]

In 724 Pirmin founded the Reichenau Abbey under the protection of Charles Martel. Lantfrid and Theudebald considered this a provocation and in 727 Theudebald ob odium Karoli ("out of hatred against Charles") evicted first Pirmin and, in 732, his successor Heddo from Reichenau.

The Abbey of St. Gall, founded 719 by the Alamannic monk Otmar, was favoured by the dukes of Alamannia and the regional aristocracy.[5]

Between 724 and 730 Lantfrid usurped the right to issue a law-code whereas up until then law-giving had been one of the major activities of the Merovingian kings.[6] He instigated a revision of the Laws of the Alamans (Lex Alamannorum Lantfridus),[7] a sign and an expression of his claim to be an independent ruler. Even though in the law-code the king is mentioned as dominus, there is no reference to the role of the maior domus, which is an indication of Lantfrid’s loyalty towards the Merovingian dynasty.[8]

In 730 Charles Martell invaded the duchy with an army once again. Lantfrid's death is recorded for the same year. Whether this occurred as a result of the fighting is not clear.[4] His brother Theudebald succeeded to the duchy as sole ruler.

References

1.^ E. Ewig, Die Merowinger und das Frankenreich, p. 197

2.^ D. Geuenich, Geschichte der Alemannen, p. 105

3.^ R. Kaiser, Das römische Erbe und das Merowingerreich, p.43

4.^ a b R. Schieffer, Die Karolinger, p. 42

5.^ D. Geuenich, Geschichte der Alemannen, p. 106

6.^ I, Wood, The Merovingian Kingdoms 450 751, p. 118

7.^ D. Geuenich, Geschichte der Alemannen, p.108

8.^ J. M. Wallace-Hadrill, The Long-Haired Kings, p. 239

Bibliography

E. Ewig (2001). Die Merowinger und das Frankenreich. 4th ed., Kohlhammer: Köln. ISBN 3-1701-17044-9.

D. Geuenich (1997). Geschichte der Alemannen. Kohlhammer: Köln. ISBN 3-1701-2095-6.

R. Kaiser (1993). Das römische Erbe und das Merowingerreich. Oldenbourg: München. ISBN 3-4865-3691-5.

R. Schieffer (2000). Die Karolinger. 3rd ed., Kohlhammer: Köln. ISBN 3-1701-6480-5.

J. M. Wallace-Hadrill (1993). The Long-Haired Kings. Orig. publ. 1962, University of Toronto Press: Toronto. ISBN 0-8020-6500-7.

I. Wood (1994). The Merovingian Kingdoms 450-751. Longman: Harlow. ISBN 0-5824-9372-2.

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From the German Wikipedia page on the Furstabtei St. Gallen (Abbey of St. Gallen):

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCrstabtei_St._Gallen

Im Jahr 612 liess sich der irische Mönch St. Gallus, ein Gefährte des Columban von Luxeuil, an der Steinach nieder und gründete eine Einsiedlerzelle. Der eigentliche Gründer des Klosters St. Gallen war jedoch Otmar, der am rätischen Bischofssitz in Chur ausgebildet und geweiht worden war. Um 719 wurde er vom Arboner Tribun Waltram zum Vorsteher der Gallus-Zelle eingesetzt und mit der Einführung eines regulären Klosterlebens beauftragt. Die ersten Mönche waren zunächst Räter, später immer häufiger alemannische Adelsfamilien der Umgebung. Die zahlreichen Schenkungen begüterter Adliger an das Kloster Otmars scheinen zum Ziel gehabt zu haben, einheimischen Grundbesitz dem Zugriff der in der Region immer stärker werdenden Karolinger zu entziehen. Von der Auslöschung der alemannischen Führungsschicht 746 in Cannstatt wurde auch das Kloster betroffen, dem im folgenden Jahr vom fränkischen König Pippin dem Jüngeren die Benediktinerregel aufgedrängt wurde. Als Otmar 759 vor dem König klagen wollte, wurde er verhaftet und auf eine Rheininsel bei Eschenz verbannt.

In English:

In 612, the Irish monk St. Gallus, a companion of St. Columbanus of Luxeuil, came to Steinach and founded a hermit's cell. (He died in 627 in nearby Arbon)

However, the real founder of the Monastery of St. Gall was Otmar, Bishop of the Rhaetian city of Chur, who had been trained and consecrated. In 719, native of Arbon Tribun Waltram was selected as head of the newly-founded Gallus monastery, and he was placed in charge of creating a regular monastic regimen there. The first monks were Reti (a Germanic people inhabiting Rhaetia), but later included more Alemannic nobility.

From the many donations to the monastery by wealthy nobles, Otmar seemed to develop strong ties to the Alemannic court, which increasingly sought to force the Carolingians to withdraw. When in 746 the leadership of Alamannia were massacred at Cannstatt, the monastery was also affected, as the following year, Frankish king Pippin the Younger imposed Benedictine rule there. When in 759 Otmar brought the matter before the King, he was arrested and banished to the Rhenish island of Eschenz.

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From the English Wikipedia page on the Lex Alamannorum:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_Alamannorum

The terms Lex Alamannorum and Pactus Alamannorum refer to two early medieval law codes of the Alamanni. They were first edited in parts in 1530 by Johannes Sichard in Basel.

Pactus Alamannorum

The Pactus Alamannorum or Pactus legis Alamannorum is the older of the two codes, dating to the early 7th century. It is preserved in a single manuscript of the 9th to 10th century.

Lex Alamannorum

The Lex Alamannorum is preserved in some 50 manuscripts dating to between the 8th and 12th centuries. The text's first redaction is ascribed to the Alamannic duke Lantfrid in ca. 730. It is divided into clerical law, ducal law and popular law.

Chapter 3.1 treats church asylum: no fugitive seeking refuge in a church should be removed by force, or be killed within the church. Instead, the pursuers should assure the priest that the fugitive's guilt is forgiven.

In 3.3, penalties for the violation of the asylum are set at 36 solidi to be paid to the church and an additional 40 solidi to be paid to the authorities for violation of the law.

Chapter 56.1 regulates penalties for violence towards women. If someone uncovers the head of a free, unmarried woman, he is fined with 6 solidi. If he lifts her dress so that her genitals or her buttocks become visible, he is fined with 12 solidi. If he rapes her, he is fined with 40 solidi.

56.2 doubles these penalties if the victim is a married woman.

References

Clausdieter Schott: Lex Alamannorum - Gesetz und Verfassung der Alemannen (facsimile), Augsburg 1997

Johannes Merkel, Leges Alamannorum, 1863 [1]