Qian Chenqun 錢陳羣

Ch'ien Ch'ên-ch'ün 錢陳群 (T. 主敬 H. 集齋, 集齋修亭香樹, 柘南居士), July 19, 1686-1774, Feb. 17, official, man of letters, and calligrapher, was a native of Kashing, Chekiang, where he made his home after moving from his ancestral place in the nearby district of Hai-yen. For five generations his ancestors had been officials or holders of degrees. Both his parents were skilled in poetry and he owed much of his early education to his mother, Ch'ên Shu [q.v.], who was also one of the most famous women painters of the Ch'ing period. When Ch'ien Ch'ên-ch'ün was one year old there was an epidemic of smallpox in his neighborhood and he was sent to the home of his maternal grandmother with whom he remained for seven years. Throughout his life he was grateful to her and in remembrance of her the patronymic Ch'ên was made a part of his personal name. After returning to his paternal home he devoted himself to study and in a few years began to compose poems and essays. In 1702 he became a senior-licentiate. Thereafter he moved back and forth between his home and Peking and in the latter place associated with such scholars as Cha Shên-hsing and Ch'ou Chao-ao [qq.v.]. After becoming a chü-jên (1714) he stayed in Tientsin for several years, where he made the acquaintance of An Ch'i [q.v.] and studied the latter's collection of paintings and calligraphy. In 1721 he became a chin-shih and was appointed a bachelor in the Hanlin Academy.

At the death of Emperor Shêng-tsu in the following year Ch'ien Ch'ên-ch'ün was one of the nine men who were rewarded for the epitaphs and other documents which they had composed for the occasion. In 1723 he was made a compiler in the Hanlin Academy and in 1727 was appointed to the editorial board for the compilation of the Ta-Ch'ing i-t'ung chih, or "Comprehensive Geography of the Empire" (see under Hsü Ch'ien-hsüeh). In 1729 he served as chief examiner of the provincial examination of Hunan and two years later was sent to Shênsi to tranquilize the people who were suffering from the effects of the war against the Eleuths (see under Yüeh Chung-ch'i). In 1732 he returned to Peking where he was much applauded for his work in Shensi, and two years later was made an expositor of the Hanlin Academy. In 1735 he was appointed commissioner of education of Chihli and although he remained at home in Kashing for two years after 1736 to observe the mourning period for his mother he was reappointed to the same post on his return to Peking in 1738. In this capacity he assisted a number of young students who later became famous—among them being A-kuei, Chi Yün and Chêng Fang-kang [qq.v.]. After several promotions he was appointed junior vice-president of the Board of Punishments (1742) and in the following year senior vice-president of the same Board, serving in the latter capacity for nine years. Meanwhile he was twice (in 1747 and in 1750) made chief examiner of the provincial examination of Kiangsi, officiated several times in the metropolitan and the palace examinations, and served on the editorial board for the compilation of the Ta-Ch'ing hui-tien or "Collected Statutes of the Empire" (see under Wang An-kuo). When he accompanied Emperor Kao-tsung on the latter's first tour of South China in 1751, he was appointed one of the three examiners of group of select students, among whom was Ch'ien Ta-hsin [q.v.]. Early in 1752 the [[Qianlong Emperor of Qing China 清乾隆帝 Emperor] wrote a colophon in honor of Ch'ien's mother, on a painting depicting Ch'ien as a young lad studying at night while she was weaving. The painting is entitled 夜紡授經圖 Yeh-fang shou-ching t'u. In 1752 Ch'ien Ch'ên-ch'ün fell ill and his resignation was accepted. The Emperor wrote a farewell poem in his honor, the two having several times exchanged verses while Ch'ien was serving at Court. After Ch'ien returned home this poetic correspondence continued. Another poet-official, Shên Tê-ch'ien [q.v.], a friend of Ch'ien, was similarly favored. In 1761 these two went together to Peking to celebrate the seventieth birthday of the Empress Dowager, mother of Emperor Kao-tsung, and were entertained together with other aged ex-officials. Several years later (1765) they met the Emperor on the latter's fourth tour to South China. The Emperor conferred on each of them the title of Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent and granted them the highest annual stipends. In 1771, at eighty-six sui, Ch'ien again went to Peking, this time to celebrate the eightieth birthday of the Empress Dowager. He died three years later and was canonized as Wên-tuan 文端. His name was entered by decree in the Temple of Eminent Statesmen.

The first collection of Ch'ien's poems, entitled 香樹齋詩集 Hsiang-shu chai shih-chi, in 18 chüan, was printed in 1751. Poems written between 1751 and the year of his death were edited in a second collection of 36 chüan and posthumously printed. The first collection of his prose works, Hsiang-shu chai wên (文) chi, in 28 chüan, were probably printed in 1764. A second collection, in 5 chüan, was printed some years later. The eldest of Ch'ien's seven sons, Ch'ien Ju-ch'êng 錢汝誠 (T. 東麓, 1723-1779), was a chin-shih of 1748 and served, like his father, as a vice-president of the Board of Punishments from 1760 to 1761 and again from 1777 to 1779. He also served as one of the vice-directors for the compilation of the Ssŭ-k'u ch'üan shu (see under Chi Yün). Many of Ch'ien Ch'ên-chün's sons and grandsons were officials. Two of his great grandsons, Ch'ien I-chi and Ch'ien T'ai-chi [qq.v.], were eminent scholars.

[ 1/311;1a; 3/75%la; -4, -31/la; 20/2j'00: 2f;1, i37a; 29/3/19b; 錢文端公年譜 Ch'ien Wên-tuan kung nien-p'u (1S9-L).1

FANG CHAO-YING

Qian Chenqun 錢陳群 [29757] CHECK biographical sources in Lidai renwu linian tongpu. RM, p. 1616. See also documentation for nephew, Ruding [29748]. Correct character for Qun in mingzi is 羊 below君. 《清代人物生卒年表》定其生卒年為康熙25年~乾隆39年。 【參考《清代人物生卒年表》#18796.】 — RMH

《清史稿》卷305

錢陳羣，字主敬，浙江嘉興人。父綸光，早卒。母陳，翼諸孤以長，語在列女傳。康熙四十四年，聖祖南巡，陳羣迎駕吳江，獻詩。上命俟迴蹕召試，以母陳病不赴。六十年，成進士，引見，上諭及前事。改庶吉士，授編修。雍正七年，世宗命從史貽直、杭奕祿赴陝西宣諭化導，陳羣周歷諸府縣，集諸生就公廨講經，反覆深切，有聞而流涕者。使還，上諭獎為「安分讀書人」。五遷右通政，督順天學政。乾隆元年，以母喪去官。服除，高宗命仍督順天學政，除原官。陳羣以母陳夜紡授經圖奏上，上為題詞。疏請增順天鄉試中額，上以官制有定，取者多，用者益遠，國家不能收科目取人之效，寢其議。

三遷內閣學士。陳羣屢有建白：嘗疏請嚴治匿名揭帖，無論事鉅細，非據實首告而編造歌謠詩詞，匿名粘貼閭巷街衢，當下刑部依律治罪。疏請廣勸種植樹木，官地令官種，州郡吏種至千本以上，予紀錄；受代時具冊，備地方公用。民地令民種，至五六百本者，予扁額獎賞，成材後聽取用。疏請偏災蠲免分數，分別貧富，富者按例定分數蠲免，貧者被災幾分即蠲免幾分，使之相等。及敕詢州縣耗羨，疏言：「康熙間，州縣官額徵錢糧，收耗羨一二錢不等。陸隴其知嘉定縣止收四分，清如隴其，亦未聞全去耗羨也。議者以康熙間無耗羨，非無耗羨也，特無耗羨之名耳。世宗出自獨斷，通計外吏大小員數，酌定養廉，而以所入耗羨按季支領。吏治肅清，民亦安業。特以有徵報支收之令，不知者或以為加賦。皇上詢及盈廷，臣請稍為變通，凡耗羨所入，仍歸藩庫，各官養廉及各州縣公項，如舊支給。其續增公用，名色不能畫一，多寡亦有不同，應令直省督撫明察，某件應動正項，某件應入公用，分別報銷。各省州縣自酌定養廉，榮悴不一，其有支絀者，應令督撫確察量增，俾稍寬裕。仍飭勿得耗外加耗，以致累民。則既無加賦之名，并無全用耗羨辦公之事，州縣各有贏餘，益知鼓勵。至於施從其厚，斂從其薄，古之制也。及此倉庾充裕、民安物阜之時，大臣悉心調劑，使養廉之入，不為素餐，元氣培扶，帑藏盈溢，然後以三十年之通制國用。宋太祖能罷羨餘，臣固知皇上之聖，不必廷臣建白如張全操其人者，而德音自下也。」

七年，擢刑部侍郎。上令廷臣議州縣常平倉應行諸事，諸臣皆議歉歲減價。陳羣疏言：「成熟之年，出陳易新，倉米必不及市米，而民以米值納倉，銀色當高於市易。擬令石減一錢二分，還倉時加穀四五升，以為出入耗費。」

十七年，患反穀疾，連疏乞解職，許之。命其子編修汝誠侍行，且賜詩以寬其意。陳羣進途中所作詩，上為答和。時有偽為孫嘉淦疏稿語謗上，上令窮治，陳羣自家密疏請省株連，上嚴飭之，而事漸解。二十二年，上南巡，令在籍食俸。二十五年，上為橋梓圖寄賜陳群。二十六年，偕江南在籍侍郎沈德潛詣京師祝皇太后七十壽，命與香山九老會，加尚書銜。上諭：「明歲南巡，諸臣今年已赴闕，毋更遠迎。」二十七年，南巡，陳羣偕德潛迎駕常州，上賜詩稱為「大老」。三十年，南巡，復迎駕。是歲陳羣年八十，加太子太傅。賜其子汝器舉人，汝誠扈蹕，命從還省視。

三十一年，陳羣復進其母陳畫冊，冊有綸光題句。上題詩以趙孟頫、管道昇為比。三十五年，上六十萬壽，命德潛至嘉興勸陳羣毋詣京師，陳羣獻竹根如意，上批劄云：「未頒僧紹之賜，恰致公遠之貢，文而有節，把玩良怡！今賜卿木蘭所獲鹿，服食延年，以俟清晤。」三十六年，上東巡，陳羣迎駕平原，進登岱祝釐頌。是冬，復詣京師祝皇太后八十萬壽，命紫禁城騎馬，賜人葠，再與香山九老會。陳羣進和詩有句云「鹿馴巖畔當童扶」，上賞其超逸，復為圖賜之。南歸，以詩餞。

陳羣里居，每歲上錄寄詩百餘篇，陳羣必賡和，親書冊以進，體兼行草，屢蒙獎許。三十九年，卒，年八十九。上諭謂：「儒臣老輩中能以詩文結恩遇、備商榷者，沈德潛卒後惟陳群。」加太傅，祀賢良祠，諡文端。四十四年，上製懷舊詩，列五詞臣中。

子汝誠，字立之。乾隆十三年進士，改庶吉士，授編修，命南書房行走。四遷至侍郎，歷兵、刑、戶諸部。再典試江南，上命寄諭尹繼善，招陳羣遊攝山，父子可相見。汝誠試畢，迎陳羣入試院，居數日乃還。三十年，乞養歸。四十一年，父喪終，授刑部侍郎，仍在南書房行走。四十四年，卒。

汝誠子臻，字潤齋。自兵馬司副指揮授河南鄧州知州，累遷江西糧道。左授山西平陽知府，復累遷直隸布政使。嘉慶二十一年，授江西巡撫。江西南昌諸府食淮鹽，而與福建、浙江、廣東三省毗連，私販侵引額。臻議疏綱額、緝私販。尋移山東巡撫。兗、曹、沂諸府民素悍，染邪教，盜甚熾。臻請就諸府增設參將以下官，上皆採其議。入覲，以衰老左授湖南布政使，休致。道光十九年，卒。

陳羣詩純愨樸厚，如其為人。賡唱既久，亦頗學御製詩體。貳刑部十年，慎於庶獄，虛衷詳鞫。高宗嘗以于定國期之。汝誠繼貳刑部，奉陳羣之教，持法明允。臻亦善治獄。在平陽，介休民被盜殺其母，攫釧去。民言姻家嘗貸釧，傭或竊釧逃，鄰家子左右之。縣捕三人，榜掠誣服。他日獲盜得釧，民乃言非其母物。獄不能決。臻微服訪得實。撫山東，清庶獄，雪非罪二十餘人，擒教訟者置於法。