Battle of Carham

Also known as the Battle of Coldstream, from the town of Coldstream.

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Date

1016 or 1018

Location

Result'

The Scots were victorious.

Belligerents

Kingdom of England

• Strength
• Commanders and leaders

• Huctred, son of Waldef
  

• Casualties and losses
• Captives

Kingdoms of Scotland and Strathclyde

• Strength
• Commanders and leaders

• Malcolm II of Scotland
  
• Owain the Bald
  

• Casualties and losses
• Many of the English fell, including
• a score of Northumbrian nobles and
• eighteen leading churchmen. [Magnus Magnusson]
• Owain who ruled Strathclyde - the last of his family line.
• Captives

Causes

Malcolm II had annexed the kingdom of Strathclyde and had engaged in some raids deep into Northumbria, including a siege of Durham. The outraged Northumbrians raised a huge army commanded by warrior prelates pledged to recover the Church lands and revenues of Lothian. Malcolm met them with his forces at Carham, just south of the Tweed.

The Battle of Carham was the last battle for Scottish control of the Lothians. It marked the first firm delineation of a settled frontier between Scots and English along the line of the River Tweed, which was only accepted as a final boundary many years later.

Notable connections

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References, Sources and Further Reading

• Scotland - The History of a Nation by Magnus Magnusson