Scottish Battles, Conflicts and other events

Scotland Forever! by Elizabeth Thompson

Image attribution - Elizabeth Thompson died more than 70 years ago - public domain. This file has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. By Elizabeth Thompson - http://visualoblivion.blogspot.com/, Public Domain, Wiki Commons

(With significant dates and events added to the timeline to put the Battles into context)

The object of this project is to build a timeline of significant Scottish Battles, Conflicts and events. The aim is to encourage the creation of supporting projects where these can be documented and where GENi profiles of participants can be linked.

Please add to and improve this project of you wish to be involved
WITHOUT copying and pasting from external sources!

There is a template with a suggested format for writing up individual Battle projects attached to this project.

Bold links connect to GENi projects. Other links are to external web pages.

See Royal Houses of Scotland

Timeline

c. 84 Mons Graupius

603 Battle of Degsastan

685 Battle of Dun Nechtain Nechtansmere/Dunnichen

• 831 - Diarmait of Iona went to Ireland with relics of St Columba
• 834 - Alpín MacEchdach was killed in Galloway. His son Kenneth succeeded him.
• 839 - Eóganan mac Óengusa and his brother Bran killed in battle with Vikings ended the dominance of Fortriu.

Attracted by the wealth of the increasingly important religious centre of Dunkeld, the Vikings based in Dublin in Ireland launched an attack on the Picts and Scots in 839 at Forteviot near Perth. It was the first of many Viking victories and after a succession of raids succeeded in capturing Dunkeld.

841 - McAlpin's Treason

• 844 - Kenneth MacAlpin became the dominant king of the lands of Dál Riata and of the Picts which became known as Scotia,
• 849 - Kenneth MacAlpin moved St Columba's relics to Dunkeld making it an important Christian Centre
• 858 - Kenneth MacAlpin died.
• 863 - King Donald I of Scotland (859 - 863) Died in battle at Scone, Perthshire
• 863 - 877 King Constantine I King of the Picts and Scots ruled
• 870 - Alt Clut, Dumbarton Rock, was captured by the Norse-Gael or Viking leaders Amlaíb Conung and Ímar after six month's of siege
• 877 - 878 - Ædh mac Cináeda, Rí na h'Alba ruled
• 877 - King Constantine I of Scotland (863 - 877) Died in battle against the Danes at Inverdorat, Angus. Buried at: Isle of Iona
• 878 - Kenneth MacAlpin's son Áedh was killed and Eochaid (Áed mac Cináeda) became king.
• 889 -

- Eochaid (Áed mac Cináeda) died and Donald II "The Madman", King of Scots, grandson of Kenneth, became king.
- Giric mac Dúngail, King of Scots (r. 878 - 889) The Chronicle of Melrose and some versions of the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba say that Giric died at Dundurn in Strathearn.

• 889 - 900 - Donald II "The Madman", King of Scots ruled
• c.890 - The Strathclyde Britons left and went to Gwynedd (in Wales).
• 900 - Constantine II Constantín mac Áeda succeeded Donald II

904 - Constantine, King of the Scots, defeated by the Vikings at Scone

904/5 - Battle of Strathcarron/Strathearn

Constantine's forces defeated the Vikings. Constantine, King of the Scots, was defeated at Scone in 904. He fought back and won a significant victory in the Battle of Strathearn. The Vikings were virtually annihilated and their leader King Ivarr ll was killed in the battle.

915 Battle of Corbridge

- Scots and Norse invaded Northumberland

937 Battle of Brunanburh

The alliance of Scots, Celts, Danes, and Vikings, were defeated by 'Æthelstan of England who took the title of King of all Britain

• 943 -

- Edmund I "The Magnificent", King of the English extended his rule into southern Scotland,
- Constantine II Constantín mac Áeda abdicated
- Malcolm I King of Scotland Máel Coluim I mac Domnaill, Rí na h'Alba (r.943-954) became king

• 954 -

- Malcolm I was killed by men of Moray
- Indulf (Ildulb mac Causantín) succeeded
- Indulf captured Edinburgh from Northumbria.

• 962 -

- Indulf (Ildulb mac Causantín) was killed in battle at Invercullen near Aberdeen during Viking challenges for Moray.
- Dubh "the Vehement' mac Máel Coluim, King of Scots became king when Indulf was killed.

• 967 -

- Dubh "the Vehement' mac Máel Coluim, King of Scots was killed - according to legend he was kidnapped by supporters of Culen and his murdered body discovered in a ditch at Forres, Kinross on the banks of Loch Leven.
- King Culen of Scotland (Cuilén mac Ilduilb, Rí na h'Alba) succeeded Dubh (Duff) of Scotland

• 971 Kenneth II of Scotland (Cináed mac Maíl Coluim) ascended to the throne

980 Battle of Luncarty

• 995 -

- Kenneth II of Scotland (Cináed mac Maíl Coluim) was killed at Fettercairn and was buried on the Isle of Iona.
- King Constantine III (Causantín mac Cuiléin) of Scotland (r. 995 - 997) ascended to the throne

• 997 -

- King Constantine III was killed at Rathinveramon. Constantine III (Causantín mac Cuiléin) was the son of Culen and was also known as Constantine the bald. He reigned for just 18 months before he was killed at Rathinveramon near Scone by Kenneth III son of Dubh
- Kenneth III Cináed III 'An Donn' mac Dubh, King of Scots Ascended to the throne.

• 1005 -

- King Kenneth III of Scotland was March 25, 1005, at Battle of Mozievaird
-Kenneth the Grim or Kenneth the Brown and his son Giric were slain. Malcolm became King as Malcolm ll.
- Malcolm II "The Destroyer", King of Scots (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda) (r.1005 - 1034) ascended to the thrown 25 March 1005.

1010 Battle of Mortlach

1018 Battle of Carham

Malcolm II defeated a force of English and Vikings at Carham, and extended Scottish rule into Lothian and Northumbria.

• 1034 -

- Malcolm II "The Destroyer", King of Scots (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda) Died in November from injuries at Glamis castle, Angus. Buried at: Isle of Iona
- November 25th King Duncan of Scotland (Donnchad mac Crínáin) (r.1034 - 1040) ascended to the throne.

• 1040 -

- King Duncan of Scotland was killed at Pitgaveny near Elgin, by his own men led by Macbeth
- Macbeth (Mac Bethad mac Findlaích) Duncan's cousin, succeeded to the throne.

1057 Battle of Lumphanan

• 1057 - August 15, 1057,

- Macbeth (Mac Bethad mac Findlaích) was killed at the Battle of Lumphanan, Aberdeenshire by Malcolm III. He was buried on the Isle of Iona
- King Lulach of Scotland (Lulach mac Gille Coemgáin) (r.1057 - 1058) ascended to the throne

• 1058 17 March

- King Lulach of Scotland waskilled at Essie in Strathbogie by his cousin and successor Malcolm III. He was buried on the Isle of Iona
- King Malcolm III of Scotland (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) (r.1058 - 1093) ascended to the throne

1093 Battle of Alnwick

• 1093 -

- King Malcolm III of Scotland Died on November 13, 1093, in battle near Alnwick, Northumberland. He was buried at: Tynemouth, remains later removed to Dunfermline Abbey
- King Donald III of Scotland (Domnall mac Donnchada) (r. 1093 - 1094)

1094 Battle of Mondynes

Also known as the Battle of Monthechin

• 1094 -

- King Donald III of Scotland (Domnall mac Donnchada) died in prison at Rescobie, Forfarshire. He was buried at: Dunkeld Abbey; his remains later removed to Isle of Iona
- Duncan II (Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim) (r. 1094) ascended to the throne in May. His reign was brief as he was killed a few months later at the Battle of Monthechin, Kincardine, by Donald whom he had deposed.
- King Duncan II of Scotland (Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim)] died on November 12, 1094, killed at the Battle of Monthechin/Mondyne, Kincardineshire. He was buried at: Dunfermline Abbey, Fife
- King Edmund of Scotland Etmond mac Máel Coluim (r. 1094 - 1097) ascended to the throne on 12 November as joint ruler with his half-brother Donald III "Bane", King of Scots (Domnall mac Donnchada). Edmund ruled South of the Forth, and Donald the North.

• 1097 -

- Edmund and Duncan were deposed by Edmund’s brother Edgar (Étgar mac Maíl Choluim). Duncan was imprisoned, and Edmund fled to England where he became a monk at Montecute Abbey, Somerset, where he died later.
- Edgar (Étgar mac Maíl Choluim)(r. 1097-1107) ascended to the throne in October

• 1107 -

- January 8th Edgar (Étgar mac Maíl Choluim) died in Dundee or at Edinburgh Castle. He was buried at Dunfermline Abbey, Fife
- Alexander "The Fierce" King of Scopts (Alaxandair mac Maíl Coluim) (r. 1107-1124) ascended to the throne

• 1124 -

- April Alexander "The Fierce" King of Scopts (Alaxandair mac Maíl Coluim) died at Stirling castle. Buried at Dunfermline Abbey, Fife.
- King David I of Scotland (Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim) (r. 1124-1153) Ascended to the throne

1138, 11 August Battle of the Standard

• 1153 -

- King David I of Scotland (Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim) died May 24 at Carlisle, Cumbria
- King Malcolm IV of Scotland (Máel Coluim mac Eanric) ascended to the throne aged 12 years.

• 1156 - Somerled defeated the Norse King of Mann and the Isles, therby establishing his own semi-independent rule as Innse Gall - King of the Hebrides.
• 1157 - Henry II of England took back lands in Northern England granted to David I. The border was fixed at the Solway and Tweed, very close to where it is today.
• 1164 - Somerled was defeated by the Scottish crown in the Battle of Renfrew.
• 1165 -

- King Malcolm IV of Scotland (Máel Coluim mac Eanric) died at Jedburgh Castle aged 24 years, 8 months, and 20 days. He was buried at Dunfermline Abbey, Fife.
- William IV was succeeded by his brother, King William I (The Lion) of Scotland (Uilliam mac Eanric) (r.1165 - 1214)

• 1173 - William the Lion invaded England but was captured by Henry II at Alnwick and forced to surrender Scottish independence

1174 Battle of Alnwick (2nd)

• 1174 - William I signed the Treaty of Falaise in which he swore allegiance to Henry II of England.
• 1185 - William paid Richard I of England money to finance his crusades to the Holy Land.
• 1189 - Scotland was recognised as independent by Richard I of England
• 1192 - The Pope decreed that the Scottish Church was answerable directly to him and not through the English Archbishop of York.
• 1214 -

- King William I (The Lion) of Scotland (Uilliam mac Eanric) died on December 14, 1214, at Stirling. He was buried at Arbroath Abbey
- King Alexander II of Scotland (Alaxandair mac Uilliam) (r. 1214 - 1249) Ascended to the throne in December1214 aged 16 years.

• 1249 -

- King Alexander II of Scotland (Alaxandair mac Uilliam) (r. 1214 - 1249) died on July 6 on the Isle of Kerrara in bay of Oban, aged 50 years, 10 months, and 12 days. He was buried at Melrose Abbey, Roxburghshire
- King Alexander III of Scotland (Alaxandair mac Alaxandair) (r.1249 - 1286) succeeded his father to the throne.

1263 Battle of Largs

Alexander III defeated a Viking army at the Battle of Largs

• 1263 - King Haakon IV of Norway (Haakon Haakonsson) (which at that time included Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles) died on Orkney
• 1266 - Norway ceded the Western Isles to Scotland in the Treaty of Perth.
• 1282 - Devorgilla, Countess of Galloway, mother of John Balliol, founded Balliol College, Oxford.
• 1286 -

- Alexander died in riding accident leaving the throne to his four-year-old granddaughter, Margaret Maid of Norway (Maighread Nic Rìgh Alasdair, dronning av Norge)
- Margaret Maid of Norway (Maighread Nic Rìgh Alasdair, dronning av Norge) inherited the throne from her grandfather Alexander

• 1290 - Margaret Maid of Norway (Maighread Nic Rìgh Alasdair, dronning av Norge) died September 1290, on board ship passing by the Orkneys, aged 7 years, 4 months, and 23 days and was buried at Bergen, Norway. Her death left turmoil as there was no clear successor to the Scottish throne; Edward I of England was asked to select a successor. Scotland was without a monarch for 2 years.
• 1292 - King John Balliol of Scotland (r. 1292 - 1296) was chosen to ascended to the throne on November 17 and was crowned on November 30 at Scone Abbey, Perthshire
• 1295 - A treaty was agreed between King John Balliol of Scotland and King Philippe IV of France which promised mutual help against the English; this was the start of the "Auld Alliance" whereby the Scottish monarch James VI, acceded to the throne of England (as James I).

1296 1st Battle of Dunbar

Edward I of England invaded Scotland and defeated the Scots at Dunbar. King John Balliol of Scotland was deposed and stripped of his power. Edward then took over the throne of Scotland and removed the Stone of Scone to Westminster. John Balliol was imprisoned in the Tower of London but freed in 1299 to go into retirement in Normandy where he died around 1313/14.

• 1296 - 1306 Interregnum. After Balliol’s abdication in 1296 Scotland was without a monarch for 10 years and was ruled remotely by King Edward I of England.

1297 Battle of Kinclaven

William Wallace ambushed an English force which was moving from Perth to reinforce Kinclaven Castle. He pursued the force inside the castle which surrendered. The garrison were then killed and the castle burned.

1297 Battle of Stirling Bridge

• 1298 - After Wallace was victorious over the English at Stirling Bridge in 1297 he proclaimed himself Guardian of Scotland

1298 Battle of Falkirk (I)

Edward invaded Scotland again and defeated William Wallace at Falkirk. Robert Bruce took over the title of Guardian of Scotland; having killed his rival John Comyn, claimed the throne as the great-great grandson of David I

1300 Siege of Caerlaverock Castle

1303 Battle of Roslin

1304 Siege of Stirling Castle

• 1305 - Wallace was captured taken to London where he is tried for treason and hanged, drawn, and quartered .

1306 Murder of Red Comyn

• Red Comyn
  

• 1306 - King Robert the Bruce of Scotland (r. 1306 - 1329) ascended to the throne on February 10 31 years. He was crowned: March 27 at Scone Abbey, Perthshire

1306 Battle of Methven

• 1307 - Edward I set out to invade Scotland but died on his way north. Robert the Bruce began a campaign to drive the English out of Scotland

1307 March/April Battle of Glen Trool

1307 May Loudon Hill

English forces defeated by Bruce at Loudon Hill

1307 Battle of the Pass of Brander

May 1308 Battle of Inverurie a.k.a.Battle of Barra

• 1309 - King Robert the Bruce convened his first parliament at St Andrew

1314 Battle of Bannockburn

King Robert the Bruce besiege Stirling Castle; an English army sent to break the siege was routed at the Battle of Bannockburn

• 1318 - Robert the Bruce captured Berwick on Tweed.

*Battle of Myton - 1319

- Part of First War of Scottish Independence

• 1320 -

- King Robert the Bruce of Scotland and the Scottish nobles issued the Declaration of Arbroath asserting Scottish Independence - ending the 30 years of Wars of Independence.

Battle of Old Byland - 1322 - Part of First War of Scottish Independence

- Nobles asserted Scottish independence in the Declaration of Arbroath.

• 1323 The truce between Bruce and Edward II failed to stop warfare between the two countries

1327 The Weardale Campaign

Battle of Stanhope Park - 1327 - Part of First War of Scottish Independence

• 1328 - Treaty of Edinburgh between King Robert I and Edward III which recognised Scotland's independence, ending the 30 years of Wars of Independence.
• 1329 -

- King Robert the Bruce of Scotland died on June 7 at Cardross, Dumbartonshire, aged 54 years, 10 months, and 26 days. He was buried at Dunfermline Abbey (body) and Melrose Abbey (heart).
- King David II of Scotland (Daibhidh a Briuis) (r. 1329 - 1371) Ascended to the throne on June 7, aged 5 years. The previous year, when 4 years old, David had married Joan the 7 year old daughter of Edward II

• 1331 - King David II of Scotland (Daibhidh a Briuis) was crowned on November 24 at Scone Abbey, Perthshire.

1332 Battle of Dupplin Moor

The regency had been in the hands of Thomas Randolph of Moray until he and King David II of Scotland (Daibhidh a Briuis) were overthrown in 1332 by Edward Balliol (son of John Balliol) at the Battle of Dupplin Moor near Perth. David was restored to the throne the following year but again overthrown when Balliol returned with Edward III and defeated the Scots at Halidon Hill. David and Joan of England fled to France where they were guests of King Phillip VI.

• 1332 – Edward Balliol, son of John Balliol, invaded Scotland and deposed David II. Edward Balliol was crowned King of Scotland by the English
• 1333 – King David II of Scotland (Daibhidh a Briuis) was restored to the throne.

1333 Battle of Halidon Hill

Balliol fled to England but returned when Edward III of England invaded Scotland and defeated the Scots at Halidon Hill. King David II went into exile in France until 1341 after Edinburgh Castle was captured from the English.

1335 Battle of Culblean

• 1341 - Scottish nobles under Robert Stewart gained the upper hand and David and Joan were able to return to Scotland and were restored to the throne.

1346 Battle of Neville's Cross

David attacked England in support of France while Edward III was away fighting in France. The Scots were defeated at Nevillie’s Cross near Durham where David was injured and taken prisoner. He was held captive in England for 11 years until 1357 when under the Treaty of Berwick he was allowed to return to Scotland for a ransom of 100,000 merks ‘A King’s Ransom’. The full amount was never paid.

1349 Back Death

Up to a quarter of the population died

• 1371 -

- King David II of Scotland (Daibhidh a Briuis) died on February 22 at Edinburgh Castle, aged 46 years, 11 months, and 18 days. he was buried at Holyrood Abbey.
- Robert Stewart II King of Scotland (r. 1371 - 1390), the first Stewart King of Scotland ascended to the throne. He was the hereditary High Steward of Scotland and grandson of Robert Bruce, and was crowned on March 26 at Scone Abbey, Perthshire

• 1384 - A truce was arranged between England, Scotland, and France. Scotland refused to recognise truce and the Anglo Scottish war resumed.

1370 OR 1386 Battle of Invernahavon

Scottish clan battle between the Clan Cameron and the confederation of Clan Chattan that consisted of the Clan Mackintosh, Clan Macpherson, and Clan Davidson.[2] Some sources give the date as 1386, others as 1370. Wiki

1388 Battle of Otterburn

The Scots defeated Henry Percy (Harry Hotspur)

• 1390 -

- Robert Stewart II King of Scotland died on April 19 at Dundonald Castle, Ayrshire, aged 74 years, 1 month, and 17 days
- King Robert III of Scotland (r. 1390 - 1406) Ascended to the throne on April 19 and was crowned on August 14 at Scone Abbey, Perthshire. He delegated power to his younger brother, Robert Stewart the Earl of Fife, later the Duke of Albany

1390 Sacking of Elgin

1396 Battle of the Clans

The Battle of the North Inch (also known as the Battle of the Clans) was a staged battle between the Clan Chattan and the "Clan Quhele" in September 1396. Thirty men were selected to represent each side in front of spectators, including King Robert III of Scotland and his court, on land that is now the North Inch park in Perth, Scotland.
The Clan Chattan killed all but one of their opponents, at a cost of 19 deaths on their own side, and were awarded the victory. It is not clear whom they were fighting: it may have been their traditional enemies Clan Cameron, or it may have been Clan Davidson in an internal dispute for precedence in the confederation of Clan Chattan.

1402 Rothesay's Death

• 1402 - The English defeated the Scots in the Battle of Nesbit Moor and the Battle of Humbleton/Homildon Hill.

1402 Battle of Homildon Hill

- Anglo-Scottish border conflicts

• 1406 -

- King Robert III of Scotland died on April 4th at at Dundonald Castle, Ayrshire and was buried at Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire.
- James I ascended the throne but was not crowned until 1424 as he was a prisoner of the English.

1411 Battle of Harlaw

• 1423 - The Treaty of London resulted in James I being released from captivity in England

1431 1ST Battle of Inverlochy

• 1437 – James I was assassinated and was succeeded by his son, James II aged 6 years

1440 The Black Dinner

Regents Douglas and Livingston struggled for power culminating in the 'Blach Dinner' at Edinburgh Castle during which William 6th Earl of Douglas was dragged out and executed.

1452 Murder of Earl Douglas

1455 Battle of Arkinholm

The Battle of Arbroath

Fought on 24 January 1445 or 1446 at Arbroath in Scotland. It was between rivals claimants to the post of Baillie of the Regality. The Clan Ogilvy were supported by men from the Clan Oliphant, Clan Seton, Clan Gordon and men from the Clan Forbes.

1460 Siege of Roxburgh

• 1460 – King James II was killed by an exploding cannon at the siege of Roxburgh Castle and King James III became king at 8 years old
• 1472 – Denmark ceded Orkney and Shetland to Scotland.

1480 Battle of Bloody Bay

• 1482 – Berwick on Tweed was finally ceded to King Edward IV of England after changing hands 12 times

1488 Battle of Sauchieburn

• 1488 James III was assassinated and was succeeded by his son, James IV
• 1503 – King James IV married Margaret Tudor, daughter of King Henry VII of England. The marriage was known as the Union of the Thistle and the Rose.

1513 Battle of Flodden

James IV invaded England to support his French allies after the English king, Henry VIII, invaded France. James and most of the Scottish nobility and clergy were slaughtered by the English army at the Battle of Flodden Field and the infant James V became king.

1514 Battle of Hornshole

1528 Protestant Martyr

Patrick Hamilton Protestant reformer is burned at the stake for heresy

1537 Witch Burning

1542 Battle of Solway Moss

James invaded England but was defeated at the Battle of Solway Moss and died a few weeks later. His daughter, the one-week-old Mary, succeeded him.

• 1543 – At the Treaty of Greenwich Mary was betrothed to Prince Edward son of Henry VIII of England, but the Scottish Lords refused to ratify the treaty preferring an alliance with France.

1545 Ancrum Moor

1547 Battle of Pinkie

• 10 September 1547 Known as Black Saturday
• Battle of Pinkie Cleugh Andrew Coulson YouTube
• Battle of Pinkie Cleugh From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• 1558 – Mary, Queen of Scots, married French Dauphin, Francis Valois (aged 14 years) at Notre Dame in Paris. She adopted the French spelling of Stuart for her surname. She became Queen of France in 1559 when her husband became King.
• 1561 – Mary Queen of Scots landed at Leith on her return from France, after the death of her husband, King Francis II

1562 Battle of Corrichie

• 1565 – Mary Queen of Scots married her cousin Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley.

1566 Rizzio's Murder

Darnley, jealous of Mary's Italian secretary David Rizzio, burst into her room at Holyrood and Rizzio was murdered.

• 1566 - Mary Queen of Scots gave birth to the future King James VI of Scotland and I of England

1567 Darnley's Murder

Lord Darnley, husband of Mary Queen of Scots, was assassinated

• 1567

- Mary married Earl of Bothwell. The Scottish Lords imprisoned her in Loch Leven castle.
– Mary Queen of Scots abdicated and the young James VI was acceded to the Scottish throne. The Earl of Mar was appointed regent. King James VI (aged 13 months) was crowned at the Church of the Holy Rude, beside Stirling Castle

1568 Battle of Langside

Mary Queen of Scots fled to England following the defeat of her army at the Battle of Langside near Glasgow.

1570 Moray's Murder

1571 10 October - Battle of Craibstone

1571 20 November - The Battle of Tillieangus

1575 Redeswire Raid

1577 Eigg Massacre

• 1578 – James VI took over government from his regent James Douglas.

1578 Blar Nan Leine

1578 Blar Milleadh Garaidh

• 1587 – Mary was beheaded by the order of Queen Elizabeth I of England.

1594 Battle of Glenlivet

1597 Fife Adventurers

1603 Battle of Glenfruin

1620 Loch Earn Raid

• 1625 – James VI died. His son Charles I became king of England and Scotland

1639 Battle of Megray Hill

1640 Battle of Newburn Ford

1644 Battle of Aberdeen

1644 Battle of Tippermore

1645 Battle of Alford

1645 Battle of Inverlochy

1645 Battle of Kilsyth

1645 Battle of Philiphaugh

1648 Battle of Auldearn

• 1649 – Charles I was executed. There followed 11 years of rule by Parliament as the Commonwealth under Cromwell.

1650 Battle of Invercharron

1650 Battle of Dunbar

1650 Beaton's Murder

1651 Battle of Pitreavie

1651 Battle of Dundee (city)

1651 Battle of Inverkeithing

1651, Battle of Worcester.

Oliver Cromwell crushed a Scottish army. King Charles II was defeated, but managed to escape from the city via a building known today as the King Charles Inn.

1654 Battle of Strone Nevis

• 1660 – The monarchy (King Charles II) was restored and Scotland resumed its status as a separate kingdom.

1666 Battle of Rullion Green

1666 Execution of Covenanter's

1679 The Killing Time

1679 Battle of Drumclog

1679 Battle of Bothwell Bridge

• 1685 - King Charles II died and his brother King James II succeeded him.
• 1688 - James II abdicated and fled to exile in France. He was replaced by his Protestant elder daughter, Mary II Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland and her husband, William III.

1689 Battle of Airds Moss

1689 Battle of Killiecrankie

Jacobite Highlanders rose in support of James and were victorious at Killiekrankie but were defeated a few months later at Dunkeld.

1689 Battle of Dunkeld

1 May 1690 Cromdale

• 1691 – King William offered Highlanders a pardon for the Jacobite uprising if they signed allegiance to him.

1692 Glencoe Massacre

MacDonalds were killed by Campbells allegedly for not signing the oath of allegiance to the crown.

• 1702 - Anne succeeded her brother-in-law, William III. who died on 8 Mar 1702.
• 1707 – The Act of Union was passed by the English and Scottish parliaments and united the kingdoms transferring the seat of Scottish government to London
• 1708 – James Edward Stuart, 'The Old Pretender', sailed to Scotland in an unsuccessful attempt to gain the throne.
• 1714 – Queen Ann the last Stuart monarch died and George I, the first Hanoverian King, succeeded her (his distant cousin).

1715 Battle of Sheriffmuir

The Jacobite rising began in Scotland with the intention of placing the "Old Pretender" James Edward Stuart, heir to James II, on the throne. The rebellion was defeated after a few weeks.

1719 Battle of Glenshiel

1725 Glasgow Malt-Tax Riots

• 1727 - George II succeeded his father, George I.

1736 Porteous Riots

Captain of the Edinburgh town guard 'Black Jock' Porteus was lynched by a mob objecting to his harsh treatment of smugglers.

1745 Battle of Prestonpans

Charles Edward Stuart, raised his standard at Glenfinnan, at the start of the '45 Jacobite uprising'
Charles Edward Stuart was victorious at the Battle of Prestonpans. His forces marched South and reached Derby before retreating to Scotland.

1746 Battle of Culloden

- Scots were defeated at the Battle of Culloden. Duke of Cumberland, the King's 2nd son, ruthlessly repressed the rebels and Scottish traditions.
-Prince Charles Edward Stuart escaped capture helped by Flora MacDonald and returned on a French ship to exile in France.

1752 Appin Murder

• 1760 – George III became king on the death of his grandfather, George II.
• 1820 – George IV acceded to the throne, having spent the previous nine years as Prince Regent for his blind and deranged father.
• 1830 – William IV succeeded his brother, George IV.
• 1837 – Queen Victoria succeeded her uncle, William IV

1882 Battle of the Braes

Local crofting tenants faced eviction from the land and withheld rent. They released sheep onto a forbidden area on the shores of Ben Lee. The Sheriff Officer from Portree was sent to evict them and was met by an angry mob who forced him to burn the eviction notices. 50 Glasgow policemen, sent to quell the rebellion, faced 100 men, women and children, armed with sticks and stones.

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References, Sources and Further Reading

• http://www.battlefieldstrust.com/default.asp
• http://www.britroyals.com/scotstimeline.asp
• http://gaukartifact.com/2013/04/01/scottish-kings-and-queens-histor...
• http://www.thewartourist.com/files/europe/britishisles/scotland/A_c...
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Scottish_history
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_battles_between_Scotland_and_E...
• http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/higherscottishhistory/index.asp
• http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/battleswars/u/WarsandBattles.htm

this project is in HistoryLink