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I have come across this surname, sometimes spelled "Schidlow" or "Schidlov," in records of Czech Jewish communities and been puzzled by it. I came across a record from 1816 containing a surname written "Schildhof." This does not mean anything as a word in German but it is a recognizable compound of two German nouns, "Schild" and "Hof." This led me to suspect that the name "Schidlof" is derived from "Schildhof" by metathesis. (Source: HBM 88 FÚ ČERNOVICE (o. Pelhřimov), image 3/17, 4th record)
It turns out that there is a village called Šidlov in Zákupy Municipality, Česká Lípa District, Liberec Region: this place-name is far more likely to be the origin of the name. So it is "Schildhof" rather than "Schidlof" that is the metathesis.
—Miles Rind, 26 Feb 2023