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About Berdi Beg - (Mohammad Berdi Beg) بردی بیگ - r.1357-1359 a Tabriz Khan of the Golden Horde
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Berdi_Beg
According to Ötemiš-Ḥājjī, on the death of Berdi Beg, with the apparent extinction of the line of Batu Khan, son of Jochi, Taydula Khatun invited Khiḍr, a descendant of Shiban, son of Jochi, to take the throne.
En 1352 Berdi Beg devient gouverneur de Tabriz et la meme annee son pere qui etait gouverneur de Ghobchagh meurt. Berdi Beg prend sa place et, aimant l'endroit, s'y installe. Ses descendants sur 7 generations vivent a Tabriz, jusqu'a l'epoque de Jafar Khan. [ ref: Vie de Mirza Ali Hajeb e Dowle par Etemad Saltaneh II]
Sultan the Just Mohammad Berdi beg khan - Juchid khan of the Golden Horde 759 AH See also : Mubariz al-Din Muhammad founder of the Mozaffarid dynasty (rule 1314-1358)
BERDI BEG (-murdered [1359/60]). He murdered his father and succeeded in 1357 as BERDI BEG Khan of the Golden Horde. Howorth records that Jani Beg returned to Kipchak and, falling ill, summoned his son Berdi Beg to install him as his successor but that “fearing that his father might recover, Berdibeg murdered him”, adding that “according to Russian authors, he proceeded to put to death twelve of his brothers” on his accession[169]. Abul-Ghazi Bahadur records that “Birdi Bèk Khan” was proclaimed Khan after the death of his father, but died “en 762” after reigning for less than two years[170]. ref http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/MONGOLS.htm#Toghrilcha
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In 1357, after the death of Janibek, his son and, accordingly, the grandson of Taydula, Berdibek , came to power , under him, as well as under his father, Taydula participated in governing the state. It is known that she tried a lawsuit between the Zolotordyn merchants and the Venetians , who robbed and captured these merchants.
Berdibek was overthrown and killed as a result of a coup carried out in 1359 by Kulpa (Kulnaya). Taydula entered into a power struggle with him. R. Yu. Pochekaev reports that in search of a worthy candidate for the khan, she first considered the candidacy of the Shibanid Khyzr , but then inclined towards Muhammad Nauruzbek .
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The last ruler of the Horde, under whom order was maintained, was the son of Uzbek Khan Dzhanibek ( Dzhambek ). Most sources indicate that Janibek died a natural death from an illness that began after a campaign (by the way, successful) to Persia and Azerbaijan. However, according to " Anonymous Iskander "(Eskandar Monshi), Janibek, who was really sick and seemed to be dying, was killed by order of one of the most influential Horde nobles - Tovlubiya . This story is somewhat reminiscent of the conspiracy and murder of Paul I. Tovlubiy secretly summoned the heir Berdibek from Tabriz , but when he came to sit on the throne of his father, Janibek recovered and suspected the conspiracy. As luck would have it, he shared his fears with the main conspirator Tovlubiy, and he, frightened of the consequences, ordered his people to kill his khan. Immediately after accession in 1357, Berdibek ordered the destruction of all his relatives - members of the ruling clan of Batu Khan, who could become his political competitors. 12 half brothers of the cruel khan were exterminated. According to the " Imaginary Iskander "(Eskandar Monshi), the most dangerous competitor - his eight-month-old brother - was personally killed by the khan by hitting him on the ground.]
According to the Arab author Ibn Khaldun , the emir Mamai, well-known to the Russian reader, served as a beklarbek under the khan, whom historians unanimously call the outstanding " kingmaker " of the Golden Horde. The other party was led by the super-conceited Tovlubiy, to whom Dzhanibek owed the throne. These two "pillars" of the Berdibek Khanate were shaking it with their confrontation and rivalry.]
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The last khan of the Hulagu dynasty died in 1336, the reason for the interstate enmity actually turned into a different legend, but the hostilities continued. The army of Uzbek's successor, Janibek, in 1358, through Derbent approached the Kura River, having crossed it, the troops soon appeared in Ardabil . The ruler of Iran, Melik Asherf Malek Ashraf ملک اشرف Chupani - commandant de l'armee de Abu Sayeed Bahador Khan , could not organize the resistance, therefore, without making a lot of efforts, the troops of the Golden Horde advanced further, they occupied Serab, Uzhdan, and later the capital of the country - Tabriz . After completing the operation, Janibek returned back, putting his son Berdibek on the post of governor of the conquered lands . Jochids ruled: Azerbaijan, Shirvan and Arran, however, the fruits of the victory were quickly lost, since the son of Janibek returned to Sarai al-Jedid, joining the fight for the Golden Horde throne, since he was told about his father's illness.
Results With the departure of Berdibek, the Golden Horde dominion over Azerbaijan ended. The authority of the Ilkhans were replaced with that of the Mozaffarids with Shah Shoja Shah Shoja of the Mozaffarids (rule 1358-1384) whose father had killed Aqi Jugh who had been nominated too rule in Berdi Bek's place while Berdi Bek was away. [see: https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%82]
The next clash for the possession of it happened between Tokhtamysh and Timur .https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%94...
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Berdi Beg - (Mohammad Berdi Beg) بردی بیگ - r.1357-1359 a Tabriz
Berdibek - Khan of the Golden Horde, during the civil strife that arose in it, killed his father Chanibek (1357) and seized his throne. After reigning for less than a year, he was killed by his brother His murder started an anarchy era which brought the Golden Horde to its end.
He was succeeded by Hizr Hizr (Abdollah Khan) Chengizid - JOCHID -
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http://ekizcekoyu.com/wiki/Golden_Horde [Great troubles (1359–1381) Dosya:Kulikovo lubok.jpg The Battle of Kulikovo in 1380 Following the assassination of Berdibek by his brother in 1359, the Khanate sank into prolonged internecine war, in which sometimes as many as four Khans vied for recognition by the emirs and for possession of major cities like Sarai, Qirim, and Azaq. After the overthrow of their nominal suzerain, Yuan Emperor Toghan Temür,<ref>Encyclopedia of Mongolia and Mongol Empire</ref> the Golden Horde lost touch with Mongolia and China.<ref>Russia and the Golden Horde, by Charles J. Halperin, page 28</ref> White Horde descendants of Orda and Tuqa-Timur carried on generally free from trouble until the late 1370s. Urus Khan of the White Horde took Sarai and reunited most of the Horde from Khorazm to Desht-i-Kipchak in 1375.
By the 1380s, Shaybanids, Muscovites, and Qashan attempted to break free of the Khan's power. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania profited from this situation and pushed deeper into Golden Horde territory than in any previous expedition, and the Grand Duke Algirdas defeated forces of Murad Khan at the battle of Blue Waters c.1362.
In western Pontic steppe, Mamai, a Tatar general who was a king-maker, attempted to reassert Tatar authority over Russia. His army was defeated by the Grand prince Dmitri Donskoy at the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380, Donskoy's second consecutive victory over the Tatars. While preparing another invasion of Moscow, Mamai faced a greater challenge from the east. In 1379, Tokhtamysh, a kinsman of Urus Khan, won leadership of the White Horde with the assistance of Tamerlane. He then defeated Mamai and annexed the territory of the Blue Horde, briefly reestablishing the Golden Horde as a dominant regional power in 1381.]
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Genealogy
Genghis Khan/ Jochi/ Batu Khan/ Toqoqan/ Mengu-Timur/ Toghrilcha/ Uzbeg Khan/ Jani Beg/ Berdi Beg.
voir page 233 de ORMUS The Secret Alchemy of Mary Magdalene ~ Revealed ~ [Part A]
Berdi Beg (or Berdibek) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1357 till 1359, succeeding his father Jani Beg of whom Berdi Beg may have been behind the poisoning. His reign was marked by turmoil and political murders, and in 1359 he was assassinated by his brother Qulpa, after which the Golden Horde fell apart. He had one unnamed daughter who was the wife of Mamai. See also
List of Khans of the Golden Horde
References
David Morgan, The Mongols
Berdi beg b.Jani b.Oz Beg b. Toghril b. Mugha Timur b. Batu b. Jochi b. Genghiz Khan Moghol
Born: 1310. Died: 1359. Parents: Jani Beg. Children: Tulunbeg, and a daughter. Siblings: Qulpa, Nawruz Beg Grandparents: Öz Beg Khan, Taidula
Governor of Persia
precede par Jani Beg Succede par Qulpa
[ Jani Beg Uzbek upon killing Malek Ashraf had appointed his son Bardi Beig as the governor of Azarbaijan. But he sometime later left Tabriz and gave the position to Akhi Juq. Sultan Oweis (Uways)
Sheikh Uwais I [Sadegh][Moez Al-din Oveys] Jalayer r.1356-1374 - شیخ اویس بهادرخان
attacked Tabriz and in 1380 AD entered it. In this way Azarbaijan too fell in the hands of the Jalayerians. ] ref p.194 of The Book of Iran. Iranian History at a Glance2005 by Reza Shabani and Mahmood Farrokhpey.
["Berdi Beg (or Berdibek) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1357 till 1359, succeeding his father Jani Beg of whom Berdi Beg may have been behind the poisoning. [ Howorth records that Jani Beg returned to Kipchak and, falling ill, summoned his son Berdi Beg to install him as his successor but that “fearing that his father might recover, Berdibeg murdered him”, adding that “according to Russian authors, he proceeded to put to death twelve of his brothers” on his accession]
His reign was marked by turmoil and political murders, and in 1359 he was assassinated by his brother Qulpa, after which the Golden Horde fell apart. He had one unnamed daughter [ Tulunbeg] who was the wife of Mamai."] ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berdi_Beg
Prend la direction de Tabriz en 1352
Assassine par son frere Qulpa qui lui succede.
Defait Hulagu Khan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berdi_Beg
En 753 Berdi Beg devient gouverneur de Tabriz et la meme annee son pere qui etait gouverneur de Ghobchagh meurt et Berdi Beg prend sa place, ce qui fait qu’aimant le lieu, il s’y installe (Tabriz) et ses descendants y resident jusqu'à l’epoque de Jafar Khan, 7 generations plus loin. (traduit a partir des écrits de Etemad Saltaneh 2)
BERDI BEG (-murdered [1359/60]). He murdered his father and succeeded in 1357 as BERDI BEG Khan of the Golden Horde. Howorth records that Jani Beg returned to Kipchak and, falling ill, summoned his son Berdi Beg to install him as his successor but that “fearing that his father might recover, Berdibeg murdered him”, adding that “according to Russian authors, he proceeded to put to death twelve of his brothers” on his accession. Abul-Ghazi Bahadur records that “Birdi Bèk Khan” was proclaimed Khan after the death of his father, but died “en 762” after reigning for less than two years.
[On September 13 of 1358 signed a treaty (the document still exists) between Berdibeg and Venice , represented by Giovanni and Francisco Quirino Buono. This document ratified the privileges previously granted to the Venetians; mentioned Mr. Tughlukbeg of Kuman and Mr Tatar Tana . The treaty was signed in Aktuba 8 Shawwal of 759 (in Mongolian Dog) equivalent to that on 13 September 1358; as witnesses therein Asanibei (Hassanbeg) Megalbei (Mogolbeg) Sarabei (Sarai Kotlugh) Yagaltei, Tobbei (Tughlukbeg) and Cotulubeg (Kutlughbeg); a special clause refers to claims Kutlugh Timur, Lord of solid .
A delegate of Azerbaijan Berdibeg, Akhidjuk (or Akhitshuk) was executed by djalayàrida Uvays or Uways ibn Hasan ( Uways I ) who conquered the city and the entire region ( 1359 ).(اخی جوق از سرداران مغول در قرن هشتم هجری که به نیابت از جانی بیک و پسرش بردی بیک، پادشاهان مغول دشت قبچاق، مدتی حکومت آذربایجان را داشت. https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%82
The great prince Ivan died in the autumn of 1359. Very shortly after died assassinated by his brother Berdibeg Kulp or Kulna, again instigated by General Tughlukbeg. In currencies as they mention or Berdibeg Khan Muhammad Khan Berdibeg; coins were minted in Sarai, New Sarai, Khwarezm, Gulistan and Azak. [1] They are dated between 1357 and 1359. His brother succeeded Kulp (qulpa)] ref https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berdibeg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7q8C34jD-x8
Muhammad Berdibek Khan (c. 1310 - 1359 ) - Chingizid , the eighth khan of the Golden Horde ( 1357 - 1359 ). Janibek's son and successor .
By religion - Muslim (had a Muslim name Muhammad). Under the command of Janibek he took part in the conquest campaign to Azerbaijan in 1356 . After the completion of the campaign, his father left to rule in Tabriz , but, having received information about Janibek's illness, he returned to the Horde to take part in the struggle for power.
He came to power in the summer or autumn of 1357 . According to Persian and Tatar sources, Berdibek's father, Janibek, died a natural death from a serious illness after a campaign in Persia; according to a Russian source, Berdibek organized a conspiracy that led to the murder of his seriously ill father.
Immediately after the ceremony of taking office, Berdibek ordered to physically destroy all representatives of the Batu Khan clan , who could be his real or potential competitors. In total, 12 of his relatives were killed, including his 8-month-old brother (according to the Arab author Muin ad-Din Natanzi , the new khan killed him by hitting the ground).
Berdibek gave the Russian Metropolitan Alexy a label (letter of gratitude) confirming the liberation of the Russian Church from tributes and extortions. In 1358 he gave a label to the Venetian ambassadors Giovanni Quirini and Francesco Bonu, confirming the right of merchants from Venice to live and trade in Azov and Provato (Dvuyakornaya bay) and allowing these merchants to trade in the Crimean ports of Kalitre, or Kaliera ( Koktebel ), and Soldaye ( Sudak ).
According to the Arab author Ibn Khaldun, one of the highest administrative positions, beklarbek , at the court of Berdibek was occupied by Mamai .
He ruled until the end of summer or early autumn of 1359 , when he was killed in a coup that brought the new Kulpu (Kulpu) Khan to power . Together with Berdibek, his closest comrade -in- arms Tughlu-bai died (in Russian chronicles he was called Tovlubiy), who played a key role in his coming to power.
The death of Berdibek marked the beginning of a long-term turmoil in the Horde, which the Russian chroniclers called "the great jam." In the icon of Dionysius ' workshop "Metropolitan Alexy with his life" [1], Berdibek is depicted 2 years before his death, meeting Metropolitan Alexy in 1357 , who had arrived in the Horde [2] .
[%E2%80%A6 From 1338 new emperorship of Chobanids commenced. In 1344 Hasan Chobani was killed and his brother Malik Ashraf replaced him. People was displeased of Malik Ashraf. In 1344 uprising raised up against him and suppressed hardly. Golden Horde khan Janibek captured Tabriz and executed Malik Ashraf in 1357. Hulagu state (1256-1357) was collapsed. Janibeg enthroned his son Berdibek and came back to Golden Horde. Soon Berdibeg was aware of father’s death and left Tabriz. At that time Jalayir king Shaikh Uvais (1354-1374) attacked Tabriz two times (1358-1359) and captured it. Thereby, in 1359 Azerbaijan was included to the content of Jalayir state (Jalayir state was established by Boyukh Hasan in Baghdad in 1340). Tabriz was the capital. Azerbaijan was under the rule of Jalayir during 1359-1410 years. Shaikh Uvais also invaded Shirvan in 1367. During Shaikh Uvais dominion, central management system became stronger, economy flourished. Sultan Husein (1374-1382) and Sultan Ahmad (1382-1410) became king after Shaikh Uvais.] ref: p. 106 of http://anl.az/el/Kitab/2018/02/cd/i-44365.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2aqhK63cwT...
voir https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taydula_Khatun
In 1357, Taydula Khatun suffered from blindness, and the Metropolitan Aleksej was summoned to cure her with his prayers. After some difficulty, his prayers and a sprinkling with holy water resulted in an apparent miracle, as Taydula recovered her sight.[15] According to another interpretation of events, Aleksej's patient was actually the Khan Jani Beg himself, while Taydula's blindness was a cover story to conceal it.[16]
When the new khan, Taydula's grandson Berdi Beg, seemed determined to exterminate his male kin, Taydula attempted to intercede for them, according to the Timurid historian Muʿīn-ad-Dīn Naṭanzī (earlier known as the "Anonymous of Iskandar"). She hoped to arouse his pity by approaching him with his 8-month-old brother in her arms, but Berdi Beg seized the baby from her hands and killed it by hurling it to the ground.[17] The anecdote is unverifiable, but the purge is confirmed in other sources.[18] On the other hand, Taydula may have retained sufficient influence to ensure continued royal favor to the Russian Metropolitan, Aleksej, and he was allowed to return home after Berdi Beg's accession.[19] She also helped reach a compromise in the dispute between the Venetians and the Khan (inherited from Jani Beg's reign) over the Venetians' treatment of subjects of the Khan captured in the seizure of a Genoese galley.[20]
The death of Berdi Beg in 1359 left his grandmother Taydula Khatun (she was Oz Bek's wife and Berdi's brother: Nawruz'z wife, so she was both Berdi's grand mother and sister in law) the senior royal in a court apparently without a suitable male heir, and the subsequent rapid succession of khans is blamed on her intrigues.[21] According to Ötemiš-Ḥājjī, on the death of Berdi Beg, with the apparent extinction of the line of Batu Khan, son of Jochi, Taydula Khatun invited Khiḍr, a descendant of Shiban, son of Jochi, to take the throne.[22] Pleased with her choice, Taydula proposed that Khiḍr marry her. However, when he was dissuaded from doing so by an adviser, she caused the emirs to expel him and he returned home across the Ural river. Taydula next placed on the throne the pretended Kildi Beg, apparently a mistake in this tradition for the Qulpa of the more primary sources, but he was not accepted as a genuine and legitimate ruler.[23] Taydula finally settled on a certain Bazarchi, a descendant of Tangqut, son of Jochi, as khan and husband.[24] This may be the same person as the Nawruz Beg of the more primary sources.[25] Khiḍr, however, did not give up his ambitions and, supported by the vengeful son of an emir put to death by the new khan, gathered a force with which he marched on Sarai. In a battle before the city, he captured the khan and Taydula Khatun, and had them executed. Thus, in 1360, Khiḍr succeeded in becoming khan.[26]
About محمد بردی بیگ خان بورجیگای دودمان اردوی زرین (Persian)
در سنه هفتصد و پنجاه و هشت، «بردي بيگ» به حكومت «تبريز» نايل شد و در همان سال نيز پدرش كه حكومت «قبچاق» را داشت، از اين عالم رحلت نموده، رو به عالم باقي آورد. «بردي بيگ» به جاي پدر نشست و در همان جا بساط حكمراني گسترد و همين حكومت «بردي بيگ» در تبريز موجب شد كه علاقه در آنجا پيدا كرده و اولادش در آن ولايت متوقف گشتند و تا زمان «جعفر خان» كه هفت پشت واسطه به «بردي بيگ» مي رسد در «تبريز» متوطن بودند. اوقاتي كه «سلطان سليم»، سلطان عثماني، لشكر به حدود «آذربايجان» كشيد و «شاه اسماعيل صفوي» نيز در «اواجق» و «چالدران» به جنگ با او برخاست و شكستي عظيم
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بردی بیک محمد. [%D8%A8 ِ ب َ م ُ ح َم ْ م َ ] (اِخ ) یازدهمین از خانان گوگ اردو یا خانان دشت قبچاق غربی از خاندان باتو. از 758 تا 760 هَ . ق . (ترجمه ٔ طبقات سلاطین اسلام لین پول ).
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https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%82
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«حاج علي خان اعتماد السلطنه» فرزند «آقا حسين مراغه اي» است. سلسله احفاد وي عبارتند از: علي بن حسين بن محمد رسول بن عبدالله بن جعفر، كه «جعفر» از هفت پشت واسطه به «بردي بيگ بن اوزبك خان بن جوجي خان» مغول مي رسد. (1) دليل سكونت «آقا حسين» در شهر «مراغه» اين بوده است كه: در سنه هفتصد و پنجاه و هشت، «بردي بيگ» به حكومت «تبريز» نايل شد و در همان سال نيز پدرش كه حكومت «قبچاق» را داشت، از اين عالم رحلت نموده، رو به عالم باقي آورد. «بردي بيگ» به جاي پدر نشست و در همان جا بساط حكمراني گسترد و همين حكومت «بردي بيگ» در تبريز موجب شد كه علاقه در آنجا پيدا كرده و اولادش در آن ولايت متوقف گشتند و تا زمان «جعفر خان» كه هفت پشت واسطه به «بردي بيگ» مي رسد در «تبريز» متوطن بودند. اوقاتي كه «سلطان سليم»، سلطان عثماني، لشكر به حدود «آذربايجان» كشيد و «شاه اسماعيل صفوي» نيز در «اواجق» و «چالدران» به جنگ با او برخاست و شكستي عظيم خورده برگرديد. از آن شكست «چالدران»، وحشتي بي پايان در حال اهالي «آذربايجان» به هم رسيد. هر كس را قدرت حركت بود، به جانب «عراق» (1) فرار نمود و آن كس كه قدرت نداشت در كمال تزلزل بماند; از جمله «جعفر خان»، راهِ دارالسلطنه «قزوين» پيموده، در همان جا توطن اختيار نمود. تا در اوايل جلوس «نادر شاه» در آن سامان قحط و غلايي بي پايان به هم رسيد. «محمد خان» پسر «جعفر خان» را طاقت زيست نماند، با كمال استيصال خود را به «مراغه» كشاند و در آن حدود آرميد. اولاد «جعفر» نيز با خانواده خود به «مراغه» مراجعت نموده، كما في السابق مشغول كسب و تجارت مي گردند و تا زمان قتل «آغا محمد خان قاجار» در قلعه «شوشه» (2) قفقاز و آغاز سلطنت «فتحعلي شاه قاجار» در «مراغه» سكونت داشته اند. (3)
جانی بیک خان اوزبک پادشاه مغول مسلمان دشت قبچاق . پس از پراکنده ساختن اردوی ملک اشرف ، پسر او تیمورتاش و دختر او سلطان بخت را با خود برداشته عازم شهر غازان گردیده و پسر خود بردی بیک را با پنجاه هزار لشکری در آذربایجان گذاشت ولی بردی بیک کمی بعد بعلت مرض پدر خود بدشت قبچاق برگشت و اخی جوق نایب او در تبریز ماند. در بهار سال 759هَ . ق . سلطان اویس با لشکر فراوان عازم تبریز شدتا اخی جوق نایب بردی بیک را از آذربایجان براند و هم آن سرزمین را که تختگاه مغول و محل ییلاقی اردوی ایشان بود بتصرف خود درآورد. اخی جوق با جمعی از امراء وبازماندگان لشکر امیراشرف چوپانی بمقابله ٔ سلطان اویس شتافت و در معابر تنگ بین کردستان و آذربایجان میانه ٔ فریقین جنگ درگرفت . روز اول نتیجه معلوم نشد ولی فردای آن اخی جوق به تبریز گریخت و سلطان اویس او را تعقیب کرد. اخی جوق که در مراجعت نیز دست از ظلم و آزار مردم شهر برنداشت تبریز را رها کرد و بطرف نخجوان فراری گردید و اویس در رمضان 759 هَ . ق . به تبریز وارد شد و در ربع رشیدی مقر کرد و قریب چهل وهفت تن از امرای منافق ملک اشرف را بقتل رساند و بقیه ٔ ایشان هم گریخته پیش اخی جوق رفتند. سلطان اویس یکی از امرای خود را بتعاقب اخی جوق و امرای فراری فرستاد ولی این امیر در رفتن تعلل بخرج داده در کار جنگ مسامحه نمود بهمین جهت بر سپاهیانش هزیمت افتاد و اویس مجبور شد که در زمستان ببغداد مراجعت کند و آذربایجان را قهراً به اخی جوق واگذارد. درین اوقات امیر مبارزالدین محمد چون شنید که جانی بیک وفات یافته و اخی جوق حکمران تبریز شده است و میان فرزندان جانی بیک اختلاف افتاده است ، بعجله بسوی آذربایجان شد و چون خبر لشکرکشی او به اخی جوق رسید وی با 30000 سوار بمقابله شتافت . فریقین در میانج روبرو شدند امیر مبارزالدین و شاه شجاع و شاه محمود دو پسر و شاه یحیی نواده ٔ او بجنگ با لشکریان اخی جوق پرداختند. امیر مبارزالدین و شاه یحیی که پانزده سال بیش نداشت دشمن را مغلوب کردندولی یک قسمت از ایشان سپاهیان شاه محمود را از پا درآوردند و بنه ٔ او را بغارت بردند و سپاهیان اخی جوق منهزم شدند و مبارزالدین تبریز را تسخیر کرد ولی همینکه شنید سلطان اویس از بغداد بعزم تبریز حرکت کرده آذربایجان را ترک گفت و بشیراز برگشت . رجوع به تاریخ مغول عباس اقبال ص 423، 426، 454 و 456 و ذیل جامعالتواریخ رشیدی ص 186، 188، 190، 191 و حبط ج 2 ص 80 و 93 و مرآت البلدان ج 1 ص 398 و تاریخ عصر حافظ تألیف قاسم غنی ج 1 ص 110، 111، 153، 154، 156 و 188 شود.
https://www.parsi.wiki/fa/wiki/print/124393/%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C-%D8%...
https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%82 در آن حال، جانی بیک، به سبب بیماری به تختگاهش غازان بازگشت و پسرش بردی بیک را در آذربایجان گذاشت و چندی بعد، بردی بیک نیز به سبب مرگ پدر، به غازان بازگشت و اخی جوق را در آذربایجان نهاد. اخی جوق، سبب تسخیر آذربایجان را که برانداختن خاندان چوپانی و دادنِ دادِ مردم بود، از یاد برد و به دستیاری بقایای امرای چوپانی، آغاز ستم و تعدی به مردم نهاد. پس سلطان اویس، دومین سلطان خاندان ایلکانی (آل جلایر) که در بغداد بود و او نیز سودای متحد ساختن ایران را داشت، در بهار سال ۷۵۹ (قمری) به آذربایجان تاخت و اخی جوق را که با بقایای سپاه و امرای چوپانی در کردستان موضع گرفته بود، در هم شکست، اما چون زمستان شد، به ناچار به بغداد بازگشت. پس امیر مبارزالدین محمد که از پیش به قصد مصاف دادن با جانی بیک حرکت کرده بود، به آذربایجان درآمد و اخی جوق با ۳۰ هزار سپاهی در میانه با او مقابل گشت. در این نبرد، شاه یحیی نوهٔ امیر مبارزالدین، داد دلاوری داد و سپاه اخی جوق را در هم شکست و او را از آذربایجان به سمت نخجوان هزیمت داد، اما شاه محمود، پسر امیر محمد، سستی کرد و بر جناح او شکست افتاد و برخی تقصیرات دیگر نیز از شاه محمود و شاه شجاع و شاه سلطان ظهور کرد و نتیجه آن شد که امیر مبارزالدین محمد، شاه یحیی را که نوجوان بود، بر رخ آنان کشید و شاه محمود و شاه شجاع را به کور کردن و شاه سلطان را به کشتن بیم داد و این سه تن نیز از بیم امیر محمد که زودخشم و خونریز بود، او را در اردوگاه نظامی در شهر اصفهان فروگرفتند و شاه شجاع به پادشاهی آل مظفر و سلطنت بر بیشتر ایالات ایران رسید. از پس این حوادث، دیگر نشانی از اخی جوق در صفحات تاریخ ایران نیست.[%DB%B1][%DB%B2]
About Berdi Beg - (Mohammad Berdi Beg) بردی بیگ - r.1357-1359 a Tabriz Khan of the Golden Horde (Français)
La raison de la résidence d'"Agha Hossein" dans la ville de "Maragheh" était que :
En l'an 758, "Berdi Beg" est devenu gouverneur de "Tabriz" et, la même année, son père, qui détenait le gouvernement de "Qabchaq", quitta ce monde et se tourna vers l'au-delà. "Berdi Beg" prit la place de son père, étendant ainsi son règne, et ce gouvernement de "Berdi Beg" à Tabriz fit que son intérêt y grandit et que ses descendants y restèrent jusqu'à l'époque de "Jafar Khan", qui était le septième descendant de "Berdi Beg", à "Tabriz". Lorsque "Sultan Selim", le sultan ottoman, mena ses troupes vers les frontières de l'"Azerbaïdjan" et que "Shah Ismail Safavi" se leva également à "Ovajiq" et "Chaldiran" pour le combattre, subissant une défaite majeure et retournant battu. Après cette défaite de "Chaldiran", une peur infinie s'empara des habitants de l'"Azerbaïdjan". Tous ceux qui pouvaient se déplacer s'enfuirent vers "l'Irak" (1), et ceux qui n'en avaient pas la capacité restaient dans un état de grand désarroi; parmi eux, "Jafar Khan" se dirigea vers la capitale "Qazvin", choisissant de s'y établir. Jusqu'au début du règne de "Nader Shah", une famine et une disette sans fin frappèrent la région. "Mohammad Khan", le fils de "Jafar Khan", ne pouvant plus supporter la vie, se déplaça désespérément vers "Maragheh" et s'y reposa. Les descendants de "Jafar", avec leur famille, retournèrent également à "Maragheh", reprenant comme auparavant leurs activités commerciales et d'affaires jusqu'à l'assassinat d'"Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar" dans la forteresse de "Shusha" (2) au Caucase et le début du règne de "Fath Ali Shah Qajar" à "Maragheh". (3) La manière dont ils se sont rapprochés et ont établi des liens avec la cour des "Qajar" était la suivante : Lorsque "Sadegh Khan Shaqaqi" se révolta contre "Fath Ali Shah" et revendiqua le trône, "Fath Ali Shah", avec les troupes qu'il avait préparées, se dirigea vers l'"Azerbaïdjan" pour se battre contre "Sadegh Khan Shaqaqi". À cette époque, "Ahmad Agha Sheikh Sharifi", qui avait été honoré du titre de Khan par "Agha Mohammad Khan" et était le gouverneur de "Maragheh", décida pour renforcer son gouvernement d'envoyer deux pétitions sur le même sujet mais sous différents intitulés, au nom de "Fath Ali Shah" et de "Sadegh Khan", accompagnées d'argent liquide à chacun d'eux. "Haji Rahim Bik", le frère d'"Agha Hossein de Maragheh", qui était un homme astucieux, compétent et expérimenté, fut chargé de cette tâche. "Haji Rahim Bik", emportant les deux pétitions et les cadeaux, se dirigea vers les camps des deux parties adverses. Il avait pour instruction, après la bataille entre eux, de présenter la pétition et les cadeaux à celui qui serait victorieux. "Haji Rahim Bik", après être arrivé sur le site du conflit et suite à ses enquêtes, conclut que "Fath Ali Shah" serait le vainqueur de cette lutte. En outre, il effectua une istikhara (consultation divinatoire) qui s'avéra positive. Il présenta donc la pétition relative à "Fath Ali Shah", ainsi que les cadeaux et l'argent liquide, à "Fath Ali Shah" et, en même temps, exprima la loyauté des habitants de l'"Azerbaïdjan" et leur obéissance au "Shah-Bayan". Face à ces déclarations, le "Shah" fut
satisfait et traita "Haji Rahim Bik" avec attention et bienveillance, répondant à la pétition d'"Ahmad Khan" et la lui remettant. Cela renforça le gouvernement d'"Ahmad Khan" à "Maragheh" et, comme auparavant, le gouvernement fut rétabli. "Fath Ali Shah" remporta la victoire dans la guerre contre "Sadegh Khan Shaqaqi", et les troupes de "Shaqaqi" se dispersèrent, mettant fin au conflit. Depuis cette date, "Haji Rahim Bik" et "Agha Hossein", son frère, ont établi des liens avec la cour des "Qajar" et, après le départ d'"Abbas Mirza Nayeb al-Saltaneh" vers l'"Azerbaïdjan", ces deux frères reçurent l'attention et la faveur de l'héritier présomptif. La confiance et la crédibilité d'"Agha Hossein" ont atteint un tel niveau que "Abbas Mirza" Nayeb al-Saltaneh a confié la matrak (la charge) de la mère de "Mohammad Shah", sa fille, qui était "la fille de Mirza Mohammad Khan Qajar Beglerbegi de Téhéran", à "Agha Hossein" et l'a intégrée parmi ses serviteurs. Pendant ce temps, "Agha Ali", le fils d'"Agha Hossein" (Haji Ali Khan), qui avait dix ans, entra au service spécial de "Mohammad Shah" en tant que page.
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Berdi Beg - (Mohammad Berdi Beg) بردی بیگ - r.1357-1359 a Tabriz Berdibek - Khan of the Golden Horde, during the civil strife that arose in it, killed his father Chanibek (1357) and seized his throne. After reigning for less than a year, he was killed by his son Kulpa.
- Wikipedia Genealogy Genghis Khan/ Jochi/ Batu Khan/ Toqoqan/ Mengu-Timur/ Toghrilcha/ Uzbeg Khan/ Jani Beg/ Berdi Beg.
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Berdibek
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Berdibek
Le code annalistique avant: «La même année, le tsar Berdibek, le fils de Dzhanibek, le petit-fils d'Azbyak, a été tué dans la Horde, avec son bonhomme Tavlubey, un prince sombre et fort, et avec ses autres conseillers. Et il but la même coupe qu'il avait donnée à boire à son père et à ses frères.
Le code annalistique recto : « La même année, le tsar Berdibek, le fils de Dzhanibek, le petit-fils d'Azbyak, a été tué dans la Horde, avec son bonhomme Tavlubey, un prince sombre et fort, et avec ses autres conseillers. Et il but la même coupe qu'il avait donnée à boire à son père et à ses frères.
Drapeau
Khan de la Horde d'Or
1357 - 1359
Prédécesseur Janibek
Successeur Kulpa
Naissance D'ACCORD. 1310 _
Décès 1359
Genre Gengisides
Père Janibek
Enfants Tulunbek
Attitude envers la religion Islam
Muhammad Berdibek Khan (c. 1310 - 1359 ) - Khan de la Horde d'Or ( 1357 - 1359 ). Fils et successeur de Janibek .
Contenu
une Biographie
2 Réflexion dans l'art
3 Remarques
quatre Littérature
Biographie
Par religion - un musulman (avait un nom musulman Mohammed). Sous le commandement de Janibek, il participe à la campagne de conquête contre l'Azerbaïdjan en 1356 . Après l'achèvement de la campagne, il a été laissé par son père pour régner à Tabriz , mais, ayant reçu des informations sur la maladie de Janibek, il est retourné à la Horde pour prendre part à la lutte pour le pouvoir.
Arrivé au pouvoir à l' été ou à l' automne 1357 . Selon des sources persanes et tatares, le père de Berdibek, Janibek, est décédé de mort naturelle d'une maladie grave après un voyage en Perse, selon une source russe, Berdibek a organisé un complot qui a conduit au meurtre de son père gravement malade.
Berdibek est assis sur le trône de la Horde [1]
Immédiatement après la cérémonie d'entrée en fonction, Berdibek a ordonné la destruction physique de tous les représentants de la famille Batu Khan , qui pourraient être ses concurrents réels ou potentiels. Au total, 12 de ses proches ont été tués, dont un frère de 8 mois (selon l'auteur arabe Muin ad-Din Natanzi , le nouveau khan l'a tué en frappant le sol).
Berdibek a remis au métropolite russe Alexy un yarlyk (lettre de recommandation) confirmant la libération de l'Église russe de l'hommage et de l'extorsion. En 1358, il donne une étiquette aux ambassadeurs vénitiens Giovanni Quirini et Francesco Bon, confirmant le droit des marchands de Venise de vivre et de commercer à Azov et Provato (baie de Dvuyakornaya) et permettant à ces marchands de commercer dans les ports de Crimée de Kalitre, ou Calier ( Koktebel ) et Soldaya ( Sudak ). ).
Selon l'auteur arabe Ibn Khaldun, l'un des hauts postes administratifs, beklyarbek , était occupé par Mamai à la cour de Berdibek .
Il régna jusqu'à la fin de l'été ou au début de l'automne 1359 , date à laquelle il fut tué lors d'un coup d'État qui amena le nouveau Khan Kulpa (Kulpa) au pouvoir . Avec Berdibek, son associé le plus proche Tuglu-bay (dans les chroniques russes, il s'appelait Tovlubiy), qui a joué un rôle clé dans son arrivée au pouvoir, est décédé.
La mort de Berdibek a marqué le début de nombreuses années de troubles dans la Horde, que les chroniqueurs russes appelaient la "grande zamyatnya".
Dans l'icône de l'atelier de Denys "Le métropolitain Alexis avec la vie" [2] , Berdibek est représenté 2 ans avant sa mort, rencontrant en 1357 le métropolite Alexis , arrivé dans la Horde [3] .
Reflet dans l'art
Berdibek est l'un des personnages du roman historique de D. M. Balashov " Le vent du temps " du cycle " Les souverains de Moscou ".
L'arrivée au pouvoir de Berdibek est montrée dans le film « Horde ».
Dan Berdibeka. Pièce Azak 759 AH.
Dan Berdibeka. Monnayage Gulistan 759 AH.
Dan Berdibeka. Pièce Saray al-Jadid 759 AH.
Remarques
Chronique avant du XVIe siècle. Histoire de la chronique russe. Livre 8. 1343-1372 . runivers.ru _ Récupéré le 27 septembre 2021. Archivé de l'original le 28 septembre 2021.
Métropolite Alexy avec vie, années 1480. GTG . Date d'accès : 6 janvier 2012. Archivé de l'original le 10 juin 2012.
10 : Arrivée d'Alexy dans la Horde et rencontre avec Khan Berdibek . Récupéré le 6 janvier 2012. Archivé de l'original le 29 septembre 2015.
Littérature
Berdibek // Nouveau dictionnaire encyclopédique : En 48 volumes (29 volumes ont été publiés). - Saint-Pétersbourg. , p. , 1911-1916.
Grigoriev A.P. Khans de la Horde d'Or dans les années 60-70 du XIVe siècle: une chronologie des règnes // Historiographie et études des sources des pays asiatiques et africains: collection. - L. , 1983. - Numéro. VII . Archivé de l'original le 18 mai 2012.
Grigoriev A.P., le label de Grigoriev V.P. Berdibek aux marchands vénitiens d'Azov
Khan Berdibek et le métropolite Alexy
Prédécesseur :
Janibek Khan de la Horde d'Or
1357 - 1359 Successeur :
Kulpa
Couronne du Prince de Sang
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[ afficher ]Accédez au modèle "Dirigeants de la Horde d'Or"
Dirigeants de la Horde d'Or
Catégories :Décédé en 1359Personnalités par ordre alphabétiqueKhans de la Horde d'OrJochidesParricideNé au 14ème siècleMonarques tués au 14ème siècle
voir page 233 de ORMUS The Secret Alchemy of Mary Magdalene ~ Revealed ~ [Part A]
Berdi Beg (or Berdibek) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1357 till 1359, succeeding his father Jani Beg of whom Berdi Beg may have been behind the poisoning. His reign was marked by turmoil and political murders, and in 1359 he was assassinated by his brother Qulpa, after which the Golden Horde fell apart. He had one unnamed daughter who was the wife of Mamai. See also
List of Khans of the Golden Horde
References
David Morgan, The Mongols
Berdi beg b.Jani b.Oz Beg b. Toghril b. Mugha Timur b. Batu b. Jochi b. Genghiz Khan Moghol
Born: 1310. Died: 1359. Parents: Jani Beg. Children: Tulunbeg, and a daughter Soltan Bakht (https://www.parsi.wiki/fa/wiki/print/124393/%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C-%D8%...)
Siblings: Qulpa, Nawruz Beg Grandparents: Öz Beg Khan, Taidula
Governor of Persia
precede par Jani Beg Succede par Qulpa
[ Jani Beg Uzbek upon killing Malek Ashraf had appointed his son Bardi Beig as the governor of Azarbaijan. But he sometime later left Tabriz and gave the position to Akhi Juq. Sultan Oweis (Uways)
Sheikh Uwais I [Sadegh][Moez Al-din Oveys] Jalayer r.1356-1374 - شیخ اویس بهادرخان
attacked Tabriz and in 1380 AD entered it. In this way Azarbaijan too fell in the hands of the Jalayerians. ] ref p.194 of The Book of Iran. Iranian History at a Glance2005 by Reza Shabani and Mahmood Farrokhpey.
En 1352 Berdi Beg devient gouverneur de Tabriz et la meme annee son pere qui etait gouverneur de Ghobchagh meurt. Berdi Beg prend sa place et, aimant l'endroit, s'y installe. Ses descendants sur 7 generations vivent a Tabriz, jusqu'a l'epoque de Jafar Khan. [ ref: Vie de Mirza Ali Hajeb e Dowle par Etemad Saltaneh II]
["Berdi Beg (or Berdibek) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1357 till 1359, succeeding his father Jani Beg of whom Berdi Beg may have been behind the poisoning. [ Howorth records that Jani Beg returned to Kipchak and, falling ill, summoned his son Berdi Beg to install him as his successor but that “fearing that his father might recover, Berdibeg murdered him”, adding that “according to Russian authors, he proceeded to put to death twelve of his brothers” on his accession]
His reign was marked by turmoil and political murders, and in 1359 he was assassinated by his brother Qulpa, after which the Golden Horde fell apart. He had one unnamed daughter [ Tulunbeg] who was the wife of Mamai."] ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berdi_Beg
Prend la direction de Tabriz en 1352
Assassine par son frere Qulpa qui lui succede.
Defait Hulagu Khan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berdi_Beg
En 753 Berdi Beg devient gouverneur de Tabriz et la meme annee son pere qui etait gouverneur de Ghobchagh meurt et Berdi Beg prend sa place, ce qui fait qu’aimant le lieu, il s’y installe (Tabriz) et ses descendants y resident jusqu'à l’epoque de Jafar Khan, 7 generations plus loin. (traduit a partir des écrits de Etemad Saltaneh 2)
BERDI BEG (-murdered [1359/60]). He murdered his father and succeeded in 1357 as BERDI BEG Khan of the Golden Horde. Howorth records that Jani Beg returned to Kipchak and, falling ill, summoned his son Berdi Beg to install him as his successor but that “fearing that his father might recover, Berdibeg murdered him”, adding that “according to Russian authors, he proceeded to put to death twelve of his brothers” on his accession. Abul-Ghazi Bahadur records that “Birdi Bèk Khan” was proclaimed Khan after the death of his father, but died “en 762” after reigning for less than two years.
[On September 13 of 1358 signed a treaty (the document still exists) between Berdibeg and Venice , represented by Giovanni and Francisco Quirino Buono. This document ratified the privileges previously granted to the Venetians; mentioned Mr. Tughlukbeg of Kuman and Mr Tatar Tana . The treaty was signed in Aktuba 8 Shawwal of 759 (in Mongolian Dog) equivalent to that on 13 September 1358; as witnesses therein Asanibei (Hassanbeg) Megalbei (Mogolbeg) Sarabei (Sarai Kotlugh) Yagaltei, Tobbei (Tughlukbeg) and Cotulubeg (Kutlughbeg); a special clause refers to claims Kutlugh Timur, Lord of solid .
A delegate of Azerbaijan Berdibeg, Akhidjuk (or Akhitshuk) was executed by djalayàrida Uvays or Uways ibn Hasan ( Uways I ) who conquered the city and the entire region ( 1359 ).(اخی جوق از سرداران مغول در قرن هشتم هجری که به نیابت از جانی بیک و پسرش بردی بیک، پادشاهان مغول دشت قبچاق، مدتی حکومت آذربایجان را داشت. https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%82
The great prince Ivan died in the autumn of 1359. Very shortly after died assassinated by his brother Berdibeg Kulp or Kulna, again instigated by General Tughlukbeg. In currencies as they mention or Berdibeg Khan Muhammad Khan Berdibeg; coins were minted in Sarai, New Sarai, Khwarezm, Gulistan and Azak. [1] They are dated between 1357 and 1359. His brother succeeded Kulp (qulpa)] ref https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berdibeg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7q8C34jD-x8
Hordu Malik Ordu Mälik, Ordu Mälik
Khan Ulus Jochi (Horde d'or). r. Septembre 1361 - octobre 1361. Prédécesseur de Timur-Khoja. Successeur de Kildibek. Décès 1361. Clan Genghisis. Religion Islam.
Hordu Malik était un lointain descendant de Tuka-Timur, le treizième fils de Jochi. Avant lui, les représentants de cette branche ne revendiquaient pas le pouvoir dans la Horde d'Or. Cependant, leur poids a considérablement augmenté lorsque le gouverneur a été officiellement renversé dans la partie orientale de la Horde, mais essentiellement un dirigeant indépendant de la tribu Kiyat Tengiz-Buga et le descendant du remorqueur Timur Kara-Nogai sont arrivés au pouvoir.
Après l'assassinat du Shibanid Khan Khyzr en août 1361, son frère Murid et son fils Timur-Khoja se sont battus pour le pouvoir. Timur-Khoja a reçu le pouvoir suprême et a saisi Saray, mais Murid n'a pas été vaincu et est resté à Gulistan, une banlieue de Saray. A cette époque, la Horde Malik, venue de l'est, est entrée dans la lutte pour le pouvoir. Timur-Khoja a fui Saray, la noblesse locale a essayé de mettre son oncle Murid au pouvoir, mais il a été devancé par la Horde Malik, qui a capturé Saray en septembre 1361 et a tenu le pouvoir pendant environ un mois. A cette époque, profitant de l'affaiblissement du gouvernement central, le dirigeant de Mokhshi Tagai, Pulad-Timur, le gouverneur de la Volga Bulgarie, déclara son indépendance, le dirigeant de Khadzhi-Tarkhan (Astrakhan) Khadzhi-Cherkes revendiqua le pouvoir du khan.
À cette époque, Kildibek est apparu sur la scène politique, qui a agi en tant que représentant de la famille Batu, la seule branche légitime du clan Juchid au pouvoir, et a attiré de nombreux partisans de la noblesse à ses côtés. Kildibek entra à Saray en octobre 1361, battant et tuant la Horde-Malik. (voir lien dans media russe. https://www.wikiwand.com/ru/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0...
О Бердибеке чингизиде (русский)
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%...
Мухамме́д Бердибе́к-хан (ок. 1310 — 1359) — чингизид, восьмой хан Золотой Орды (1357—1359). Сын и преемник Джанибека.
По вероисповеданию — мусульманин (имел мусульманское имя Мухаммед). Под командованием Джанибека участвовал в завоевательном походе в Азербайджан в 1356 году. После завершения похода был оставлен отцом править в Тебризе, но, получив данные о болезни Джанибека, вернулся в Орду, чтобы принять участие в борьбе за власть.
Пришёл к власти летом или осенью 1357 года. По персидским и татарским источникам отец Бердибека — Джанибек умер своей смертью от тяжёлой болезни после похода в Персию, по русскому источнику Бердибек организовал заговор, приведший к убийству своего тяжело больного отца.
Сразу же после обряда вступления в должность, Бердибек приказал физически уничтожить всех представителей рода Бату-хана, которые могли быть его реальными или потенциальными конкурентами. Всего были убиты 12 его родственников, в том числе 8-ми месячный брат (по данным арабского автора Муин ад-Дин Натанзи, новый хан убил его, ударив о землю).
Бердибек дал русскому митрополиту Алексию ярлык (жалованную грамоту), подтверждающий освобождение Русской церкви от даней и поборов. В 1358 году дал ярлык венецианским послам Джованни Квирини и Франческо Бону, подтверждающий право купцов из Венеции на проживание и торговлю в Азове и Провато (бухта Двуякорная) и разрешающий этим купцам торговать в крымских портах Калитре, или Калиере (Коктебель), и Солдайе (Судак).
По данным арабского автора Ибн Хальдуна, одну из высоких административных должностей, беклярбек, при дворе Бердибека занимал Мамай.
Правил до конца лета или начала осени 1359 года, когда был убит в результате переворота, приведшего к власти нового хана Кулпу (Кульпу). Вместе с Бердибеком погиб его ближайший соратник Туглу-бай (в русских летописях его именовали Товлубием), сыгравший ключевую роль в его приходе к власти.
Гибель Бердибека положила начало многолетней смуте в Орде, которую русские летописцы называли «великой замятней». В иконе мастерской Дионисия «Митрополит Алексий с житием»[1] изображён Бердибек за 2 года до своей кончины встречающим в 1357 г. митрополита Алексия, приехавшим в Орду[2].
Отражение в искусстве Бердибек является одним из персонажей исторического романа Д. М. Балашова «Ветер времени» из цикла «Государи Московские».
Приход Бердибека к власти показан в фильме «Орда».
ref: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B1%...
Орду Малик (тат. Орду Мәлик, Ordu Mälik, рус. Ордумелик) — хан Улуса Джучи (Золотой Орды) в сентябре-октябре 1361 года.
В русский литературе используется много вариантов написания имени хана: Орду-Мелик (А. Н. Насонов), Ордумелик (А. Ю. Якубовский), Ордамулюк (М. Г. Сафаргалиев), Орда-Мелик-шейх (Г. А. Федоров-Давыдов), Ордумелик-шейх (В. Л. Егоров), Ордумелик-хан (на монетных легендах). А. П. Григорьев анализируя имя пришёл к выводу, что правильный вариант написания слитный Ордумелик. Имя можно перевести как «правитель орды».
Орду Малик был отдалённым потомком Тука-Тимура, тринадцатого сына Джучи. Представители этой ветви до него не претендовали на власть в Золотой Орде. Однако их вес значительно возрос, когда в восточной части Орды был свергнут формально наместник, но по существу независимый правитель из племени кият Тенгиз-Буга и к власти пришёл потомок Туга Тимура Кара-Ногай.
После убийства шибанида хана Хызра в августе 1361 года за власть боролись его брат Мюрид и сын Тимур-Ходжа. Тимур-Ходжа получил верховную власть и овладел Сараем, но и Мюрид не был побежден и пребывал в Гюлистане, пригороде Сарая. В это время в борьбу за власть и вступил Орду Малик, пришедший с востока. Тимур-Ходжа бежал из Сарая, местная знать пыталась поставить у власти его дядю Мюрида, но его опередил Орду Малик, который захватил Сарай в сентябре 1361 года и удерживал власть около месяца. В это время, пользуясь ослаблением центральной власти заявили о независимости правитель Мохши Тагай, Пулад-Тимур, наместник Волжской Булгарии, претендовал на ханскую власть правитель Хаджи-Тархана (Астрахани) Хаджи-Черкес.
В это время на политической арене появился Кильдибек, который выступал представителем семейства Бату, единственной легитимной ветви правящего рода Джучидов, и привлек на свою сторону много сторонников из знати. Кильдибек в октябре 1361 года вступил в Сарай, победив и убив Орду-Малика.
Монеты хана Орду Малика
Данг Орду Малика. Чекан города Азак 762 г.х. Данг Орду Малика. Чекан города Азак 762 г.х. Данг Орду Малика. Чекан города Сарай ал-Джадид 762 г.х. Данг Орду Малика. Чекан города Сарай ал-Джадид 762 г.х.
https://www.wikiwand.com/ru/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0...
Сразу после воцарения в 1357 г. Бердибек приказал уничтожить всех своих родственников - членов правящего рода Бату-хана, которые могли стать его политическими конкурентами. Бердибек опирался на принцип "Нет индейца, нет проблемы". Истреблению подверглось 12 единокровных братьев жестокого хана. По данным "Мнимого Искандера", самого опасного конкурента - восьмимесячного брата - хан убил лично, ударив его об землю.
About Berdi Beg - (Mohammad Berdi Beg) بردی بیگ - r.1357-1359 a Tabriz Khan of the Golden Horde (Tatar)
Бердібек хан Community-created content on this topic is also available Automatic translation Contribute Бердібек хан(т.ж.б. – шамамен 1359/61) – Алтын Орда ханы, Жәнібектің баласы, Өзбек ханның немересі. 1356 ж. Жәнібек Әзербайжанды басып алғанда Б-ті Тебриздің билеушісі еткен. 1357 ж. Жәнібек өлгеннен кейін Б. оның мұрагері ретінде таққа отырды.
Бердібек хан Лауазымы Алтын Орданың 12-ші ханы 1357 — 1359 Ізашары Жәнібек хан Ізбасары Құлпа хан Өмірбаяны Діні Ислам Дүниеге келуі белгісіз Қайтыс болуы 1359 Әкесі Жәнібек хан өңдеу Үлгі құжаттамасын қараңыз Өмірбаяны Кейбір деректерге қарағанда Бердібек Алтын Орданың ықпалды әмірлерінің бірі Туғлубимен бірге Жәнібек ханды қастандық жасап өлтірген көрінеді. Басқа мәліметтерде Жәнібек көзі тірісінде–ақ Бердібекті хан етіп жариялағандағы айтылады.1357 жылы Жәнібек өлгеннен кейін Бердібек оның мұрагері ретінде таққа отырады. Бердібек Алтын Ордадағы билікті өз қолына алған соң Жошы әулетінің беделі адамдарын,сондай–ақ, Туғлубидің өзін және оның баласы Семейді өлтірткен. Бердібек кейбір жазба мәліметтер бойынша 1359 жылға дейін хандық құрған. Бердібектің өлімді жөнінде нақты тарихи дерек жоқ. Бір мәліметтерде Бердібек өз ажалынан,екіншісінде Жошы әулетінен шыққан бәсекелесі Құланның қолынан қаза тапқан делінген. Бердібектен кейін Алтын Ордада Өзбек ханның ұрпақтары билік жүргізбеді. “Нар мойыны Бердібекте кесілді” деген сөз осыны аңғартса керек.
Тағы қараңыз Andreykor [4 жыл бұрын https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?anno=2&depth=1&... соңғы рет өңдеді]
Мәлімет CC BY-SA 3.0 лицензиясы аясында жетімді басқа жағдайда белгіленеді. Құпиялық саясаты
孛兒只斤Berdi Beg - (Mohammad Berdi Beg) بردی بیگ - r.1357-1359 a Tabriz生平 (中文)
En 1352 Berdi Beg devient gouverneur de Tabriz et la meme annee son pere qui etait gouverneur de Ghobchagh meurt. Berdi Beg prend sa place et, aimant l'endroit, s'y installe. Ses descendants sur 7 generations vivent a Tabriz, jusqu'a l'epoque de Jafar Khan. [ ref: Vie de Mirza Ali Hajeb e Dowle par Etemad Saltaneh II]
Sultan the Just Mohammad Berdi beg khan - Juchid khan of the Golden Horde 759 AH
BERDI BEG (-murdered [1359/60]). He murdered his father and succeeded in 1357 as BERDI BEG Khan of the Golden Horde. Howorth records that Jani Beg returned to Kipchak and, falling ill, summoned his son Berdi Beg to install him as his successor but that “fearing that his father might recover, Berdibeg murdered him”, adding that “according to Russian authors, he proceeded to put to death twelve of his brothers” on his accession[169]. Abul-Ghazi Bahadur records that “Birdi Bèk Khan” was proclaimed Khan after the death of his father, but died “en 762” after reigning for less than two years[170]. ref http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/MONGOLS.htm#Toghrilcha
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In 1357, after the death of Janibek, his son and, accordingly, the grandson of Taydula, Berdibek , came to power , under him, as well as under his father, Taydula participated in governing the state. It is known that she tried a lawsuit between the Zolotordyn merchants and the Venetians , who robbed and captured these merchants.
Berdibek was overthrown and killed as a result of a coup carried out in 1359 by Kulpa (Kulnaya). Taydula entered into a power struggle with him. R. Yu. Pochekaev reports that in search of a worthy candidate for the khan, she first considered the candidacy of the Shibanid Khyzr , but then inclined towards Muhammad Nauruzbek .
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The last ruler of the Horde, under whom order was maintained, was the son of Uzbek Khan Dzhanibek ( Dzhambek ). Most sources indicate that Janibek died a natural death from an illness that began after a campaign (by the way, successful) to Persia and Azerbaijan. However, according to " Anonymous Iskander "(Eskandar Monshi), Janibek, who was really sick and seemed to be dying, was killed by order of one of the most influential Horde nobles - Tovlubiya . This story is somewhat reminiscent of the conspiracy and murder of Paul I. Tovlubiy secretly summoned the heir Berdibek from Tabriz , but when he came to sit on the throne of his father, Janibek recovered and suspected the conspiracy. As luck would have it, he shared his fears with the main conspirator Tovlubiy, and he, frightened of the consequences, ordered his people to kill his khan. Immediately after accession in 1357, Berdibek ordered the destruction of all his relatives - members of the ruling clan of Batu Khan, who could become his political competitors. 12 half brothers of the cruel khan were exterminated. According to the " Imaginary Iskander "(Eskandar Monshi), the most dangerous competitor - his eight-month-old brother - was personally killed by the khan by hitting him on the ground.]
According to the Arab author Ibn Khaldun , the emir Mamai, well-known to the Russian reader, served as a beklarbek under the khan, whom historians unanimously call the outstanding " kingmaker " of the Golden Horde. The other party was led by the super-conceited Tovlubiy, to whom Dzhanibek owed the throne. These two "pillars" of the Berdibek Khanate were shaking it with their confrontation and rivalry.]
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The last khan of the Hulagu dynasty died in 1336, the reason for the interstate enmity actually turned into a different legend, but the hostilities continued. The army of Uzbek's successor, Janibek, in 1358, through Derbent approached the Kura River, having crossed it, the troops soon appeared in Ardabil . The ruler of Iran, Melik Asherf, could not organize the resistance, therefore, without making a lot of efforts, the troops of the Golden Horde advanced further, they occupied Serab, Uzhdan, and later the capital of the country - Tabriz . After completing the operation, Janibek returned back, putting his son Berdibek on the post of governor of the conquered lands . Jochids ruled: Azerbaijan, Shirvan and Arran, however, the fruits of the victory were quickly lost, since the son of Janibek returned to Sarai al-Jedid, joining the fight for the Golden Horde throne, since he was told about his father's illness.
Results With the departure of Berdibek, the Golden Horde dominion over Azerbaijan ended. The next clash for the possession of it happened between Tokhtamysh and Timur .https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%94...
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Berdi Beg - (Mohammad Berdi Beg) بردی بیگ - r.1357-1359 a Tabriz
Berdibek - Khan of the Golden Horde, during the civil strife that arose in it, killed his father Chanibek (1357) and seized his throne. After reigning for less than a year, he was killed by his brother His murder started an anarchy era which briught thr Golden Horde to its end. He was succeeded by Hizr Hizr (Abdollah Khan) Chengizid - JOCHID -
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http://ekizcekoyu.com/wiki/Golden_Horde [Great troubles (1359–1381) Dosya:Kulikovo lubok.jpg The Battle of Kulikovo in 1380 Following the assassination of Berdibek by his brother in 1359, the Khanate sank into prolonged internecine war, in which sometimes as many as four Khans vied for recognition by the emirs and for possession of major cities like Sarai, Qirim, and Azaq. After the overthrow of their nominal suzerain, Yuan Emperor Toghan Temür,<ref>Encyclopedia of Mongolia and Mongol Empire</ref> the Golden Horde lost touch with Mongolia and China.<ref>Russia and the Golden Horde, by Charles J. Halperin, page 28</ref> White Horde descendants of Orda and Tuqa-Timur carried on generally free from trouble until the late 1370s. Urus Khan of the White Horde took Sarai and reunited most of the Horde from Khorazm to Desht-i-Kipchak in 1375.
By the 1380s, Shaybanids, Muscovites, and Qashan attempted to break free of the Khan's power. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania profited from this situation and pushed deeper into Golden Horde territory than in any previous expedition, and the Grand Duke Algirdas defeated forces of Murad Khan at the battle of Blue Waters c.1362.
In western Pontic steppe, Mamai, a Tatar general who was a king-maker, attempted to reassert Tatar authority over Russia. His army was defeated by the Grand prince Dmitri Donskoy at the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380, Donskoy's second consecutive victory over the Tatars. While preparing another invasion of Moscow, Mamai faced a greater challenge from the east. In 1379, Tokhtamysh, a kinsman of Urus Khan, won leadership of the White Horde with the assistance of Tamerlane. He then defeated Mamai and annexed the territory of the Blue Horde, briefly reestablishing the Golden Horde as a dominant regional power in 1381.]
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Genealogy
Genghis Khan/ Jochi/ Batu Khan/ Toqoqan/ Mengu-Timur/ Toghrilcha/ Uzbeg Khan/ Jani Beg/ Berdi Beg.
voir page 233 de ORMUS The Secret Alchemy of Mary Magdalene ~ Revealed ~ [Part A]
Berdi Beg (or Berdibek) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1357 till 1359, succeeding his father Jani Beg of whom Berdi Beg may have been behind the poisoning. His reign was marked by turmoil and political murders, and in 1359 he was assassinated by his brother Qulpa, after which the Golden Horde fell apart. He had one unnamed daughter who was the wife of Mamai. See also
List of Khans of the Golden Horde
References
David Morgan, The Mongols
Berdi beg b.Jani b.Oz Beg b. Toghril b. Mugha Timur b. Batu b. Jochi b. Genghiz Khan Moghol
Born: 1310. Died: 1359. Parents: Jani Beg. Children: Tulunbeg, and a daughter. Siblings: Qulpa, Nawruz Beg Grandparents: Öz Beg Khan, Taidula
Governor of Persia
precede par Jani Beg Succede par Qulpa
[ Jani Beg Uzbek upon killing Malek Ashraf had appointed his son Bardi Beig as the governor of Azarbaijan. But he sometime later left Tabriz and gave the position to Akhi Juq. Sultan Oweis (Uways)
Sheikh Uwais I [Sadegh][Moez Al-din Oveys] Jalayer r.1356-1374 - شیخ اویس بهادرخان
attacked Tabriz and in 1380 AD entered it. In this way Azarbaijan too fell in the hands of the Jalayerians. ] ref p.194 of The Book of Iran. Iranian History at a Glance2005 by Reza Shabani and Mahmood Farrokhpey.
["Berdi Beg (or Berdibek) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1357 till 1359, succeeding his father Jani Beg of whom Berdi Beg may have been behind the poisoning. [ Howorth records that Jani Beg returned to Kipchak and, falling ill, summoned his son Berdi Beg to install him as his successor but that “fearing that his father might recover, Berdibeg murdered him”, adding that “according to Russian authors, he proceeded to put to death twelve of his brothers” on his accession]
His reign was marked by turmoil and political murders, and in 1359 he was assassinated by his brother Qulpa, after which the Golden Horde fell apart. He had one unnamed daughter [ Tulunbeg] who was the wife of Mamai."] ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berdi_Beg
Prend la direction de Tabriz en 1352
Assassine par son frere Qulpa qui lui succede.
Defait Hulagu Khan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berdi_Beg
En 753 Berdi Beg devient gouverneur de Tabriz et la meme annee son pere qui etait gouverneur de Ghobchagh meurt et Berdi Beg prend sa place, ce qui fait qu’aimant le lieu, il s’y installe (Tabriz) et ses descendants y resident jusqu'à l’epoque de Jafar Khan, 7 generations plus loin. (traduit a partir des écrits de Etemad Saltaneh 2)
BERDI BEG (-murdered [1359/60]). He murdered his father and succeeded in 1357 as BERDI BEG Khan of the Golden Horde. Howorth records that Jani Beg returned to Kipchak and, falling ill, summoned his son Berdi Beg to install him as his successor but that “fearing that his father might recover, Berdibeg murdered him”, adding that “according to Russian authors, he proceeded to put to death twelve of his brothers” on his accession. Abul-Ghazi Bahadur records that “Birdi Bèk Khan” was proclaimed Khan after the death of his father, but died “en 762” after reigning for less than two years.
[On September 13 of 1358 signed a treaty (the document still exists) between Berdibeg and Venice , represented by Giovanni and Francisco Quirino Buono. This document ratified the privileges previously granted to the Venetians; mentioned Mr. Tughlukbeg of Kuman and Mr Tatar Tana . The treaty was signed in Aktuba 8 Shawwal of 759 (in Mongolian Dog) equivalent to that on 13 September 1358; as witnesses therein Asanibei (Hassanbeg) Megalbei (Mogolbeg) Sarabei (Sarai Kotlugh) Yagaltei, Tobbei (Tughlukbeg) and Cotulubeg (Kutlughbeg); a special clause refers to claims Kutlugh Timur, Lord of solid .
A delegate of Azerbaijan Berdibeg, Akhidjuk (or Akhitshuk) was executed by djalayàrida Uvays or Uways ibn Hasan ( Uways I ) who conquered the city and the entire region ( 1359 ).(اخی جوق از سرداران مغول در قرن هشتم هجری که به نیابت از جانی بیک و پسرش بردی بیک، پادشاهان مغول دشت قبچاق، مدتی حکومت آذربایجان را داشت. https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%82
The great prince Ivan died in the autumn of 1359. Very shortly after died assassinated by his brother Berdibeg Kulp or Kulna, again instigated by General Tughlukbeg. In currencies as they mention or Berdibeg Khan Muhammad Khan Berdibeg; coins were minted in Sarai, New Sarai, Khwarezm, Gulistan and Azak. [1] They are dated between 1357 and 1359. His brother succeeded Kulp (qulpa)] ref https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berdibeg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7q8C34jD-x8
Muhammad Berdibek Khan (c. 1310 - 1359 ) - Chingizid , the eighth khan of the Golden Horde ( 1357 - 1359 ). Janibek's son and successor .
By religion - Muslim (had a Muslim name Muhammad). Under the command of Janibek he took part in the conquest campaign to Azerbaijan in 1356 . After the completion of the campaign, his father left to rule in Tabriz , but, having received information about Janibek's illness, he returned to the Horde to take part in the struggle for power.
He came to power in the summer or autumn of 1357 . According to Persian and Tatar sources, Berdibek's father, Janibek, died a natural death from a serious illness after a campaign in Persia; according to a Russian source, Berdibek organized a conspiracy that led to the murder of his seriously ill father.
Immediately after the ceremony of taking office, Berdibek ordered to physically destroy all representatives of the Batu Khan clan , who could be his real or potential competitors. In total, 12 of his relatives were killed, including his 8-month-old brother (according to the Arab author Muin ad-Din Natanzi , the new khan killed him by hitting the ground).
Berdibek gave the Russian Metropolitan Alexy a label (letter of gratitude) confirming the liberation of the Russian Church from tributes and extortions. In 1358 he gave a label to the Venetian ambassadors Giovanni Quirini and Francesco Bonu, confirming the right of merchants from Venice to live and trade in Azov and Provato (Dvuyakornaya bay) and allowing these merchants to trade in the Crimean ports of Kalitre, or Kaliera ( Koktebel ), and Soldaye ( Sudak ).
According to the Arab author Ibn Khaldun, one of the highest administrative positions, beklarbek , at the court of Berdibek was occupied by Mamai .
He ruled until the end of summer or early autumn of 1359 , when he was killed in a coup that brought the new Kulpu (Kulpu) Khan to power . Together with Berdibek, his closest comrade -in- arms Tughlu-bai died (in Russian chronicles he was called Tovlubiy), who played a key role in his coming to power.
The death of Berdibek marked the beginning of a long-term turmoil in the Horde, which the Russian chroniclers called "the great jam." In the icon of Dionysius ' workshop "Metropolitan Alexy with his life" [1], Berdibek is depicted 2 years before his death, meeting Metropolitan Alexy in 1357 , who had arrived in the Horde [2] .
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