The Start of the "Eighty Years War"

: Philips de Montmorency('de Graaf van Horne') and Lamoral ('de Graaf van Egmont') beheaded on De Grote Markt in Brussels, genearally assumed to be the start of a war that lasted for 80 years named the Tachtigjarige Oorlog' (in dutch.) In English :The 'Eighty Years' War, (1568–1648), the war of Netherlands independence from Spain, which led to the separation of the northern and southern Netherlands and to the formation of the United Provinces of the Netherlands (the Dutch Republic) = So just one of the 3 leaders of the dutch, William the Silent remained alive, because he fled before this incident, which led to the Eigthy Years War.

Van Horne was murdered together with Count Lamoraal Count of Egmont, Prince of Gavre, Graaf, prins van Gavere on the 5th of June 1568 in Brussels, De Montmorency is also known as Count of Horn.(in prov. of Limburg Horn! not Hoorn in north of Holland)

De Montmorency was born as the eldest of four children of Josef van Montmorency, Count of Nevele and Anna van Egmont the Elder, who had married shortly after August 26, 1523, and lived at Ooidonk Castle.[1][2] His father died early in 1530 in Bologna, Italy, where he was for the coronation of Charles V as Holy Roman Emperor.

• His mother remarried Jan II, Count of Horn, one of the wealthiest nobles of the Netherlands, who, in 1540, left the County of Horn(in province of Limburg) to his wife's children on condition they assumed his name.
• [2] A page and later chamberlain at the court of Charles V, de Montmorency .......unclear was is meant here, "he became a page and later chamberlain????
• He married Walburgis van Nieuwenaer in 1546.
• He became stadtholder of Guelders in 1555, and Admiral of Flanders, and a knight of the Golden Fleece in 1556.[3]

In 1559 he commanded the fleet which conveyed Philip II from the Netherlands to Spain, and he remained at the Spanish court until 1563. On his return he placed himself with the Prince of Orange and Count of Egmont at the head of the party which opposed the imposition of the inquisition by Cardinal Granvelle and ultimately forced his resignation.[4] When Granvelle retired, the three nobles continued to resist the introduction of the Spanish Inquisition and of Spanish rule in the Netherlands. In April 1566, the Council of State sent Philip's younger brother, Floris of Montmorency, to Spain in a last attempt to avoid war. However, Floris was arrested, kept in house arrest,[5] then secretly executed.[6]

Although Philip II of Spain appeared to give way, he had made up his mind to punish the opponents of his policy. He replaced the regent, Margaret, duchess of Parma, with the duke of Alva, who entered the Netherlands at the head of a veteran army.[4]

Orange fled from the country, but Egmont and Horn, despite his warning, decided to remain and face the storm.[4] They were both seized, tried at the Council of Troubles and condemned as traitors.[4] Ceaseless but vain efforts were made to obtain a fair trial for Horn, and appeals for clemency on his behalf were made by potentates in all parts of the continent.[4] Egmont and Horn were executed by decapitation on 5 June 1568 at the Grand Place before the town hall in Brussels.[4]

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_de_Montmorency,_Count_of_Horn https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filips_van_Montmorency

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De Montmorency was born as the eldest of four children of Josef van Montmorency, Count of Nevele and Anna van Egmont the Elder, who had married shortly after August 26, 1523, and lived at Ooidonk Castle.[1][2] His father died early in 1530 in Bologna, Italy, where he was for the coronation of Charles V as Holy Roman Emperor. His mother remarried Johan II, Count of Horn, one of the wealthiest nobles of the Netherlands, who, in 1540, left the County of Horne to his wife's children on condition they assume his name.[2] A page and later chamberlain at the court of Charles V, de Montmorency married Walburgis van Nieuwenaer in 1546. He became stadtholder of Guelders in 1555, an Admiral of Flanders, and a knight of the Golden Fleece in 1556

from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FLEMISH%20NOBILITY.htm#JosephMontmo... v4.3 Updated 28 December 2018

JOSEPH de Montmorency (-1530, born: Weert). Heer van Nevele. m (contract 26 Aug 1523) as his first husband, ANNA van Egmond, daughter of FLORIS van Egmond Heer van Buren & his wife Margareta van Berg. She married secondly Jan Graaf van Horne. Joseph & his wife had children:

i) PHILIPPE de Montmorency (1526-beheaded Brussels 5 Jun 1568, born: Kempen). Heer van Nevele. Jan, Graaf van Horne (his stepfather) appointed Philips de Montmorency, Heer van Nevele as his heir, the heirship eventually passing to Eberhard Graf von Solms and his wife Sabine van Egmond under the 31 Oct 1598 testament of his widow[911]. Graaf van Horne. m as her first husband, Walburgis von Neuenahr, daughter of Wilhelm, Graf von Neuenahr & his wife Anna von Werde Gräfin von Mörs und Saarwerden (-Utrecht 23 May 1600). She married secondly Adolf von Neuenahr Herr von Alpen.

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• volledige biografie
• "In 1547 werd Maximiliaan van Bourgondië, heer van Veere, benoemd tot stadhouder van Holland en Zeeland. Daarmee verenigde hij in zijn persoon 2 functies, nl. die van stadhouder en die van admiraal. Na Maximiliaan's dood) werden beide functies weer over twee personen verdeeld: prins Willem van Oranje werd benoemd tot stadhouder van Holland, Zeeland en Utrecht, terwijl Filips van Montmorency, graaf van Horn, werd benoemd tot admiraal.
• Op 5 juni 1568 in Brussel op de Grote Markt ter dood gebracht door onthoofding samen met https://www.geni.com/people/Lamoraal-van-Egmont-Graf-prins-van-Gavere/6000000006597081346
• Het Nederlandse Volkslied is vnl. geinspireerd op Philips van Horn de Montmorency, Lamoraal van Egmond en Willem van Oranje. Hoewel Philips van H. de Montmorency) aan de spaanse koning gerouw bleef, werd hij toch wegens verraad (zg. dubbelspel) onthoofd........Het Eerste Couplet van het Wilhelmus "den Koning van Hispanje heb ik altijd geëerd" verwijst hiernaar. De onthoofding van Egmont(Lamoraal) en Horne(Philips van Horne de Montmorency) leidde tot groot protest in de Nederlanden en wordt wel beschouwd als het begin van de gewapende Nederlandse Opstand en de Tachtigjarige Oorlog tegen de Spanjaarden.
• See Wikipedia...

Philip de Montmorency (1524 – 5 June 1568, Brussels) was also known as Count of Horn or Hoorne or Hoorn.

Biography

De Montmorency was born, between 1518 and 1526, possibly at the Ooidonk Castle, as the son of Jozef van Montmorency, Count of Nevele and Anna van Egmont. His father died in 1530 in Italy, and his mother remarried Johan II, Count of Horn, one of the wealthiest nobles of the Netherlands, who, in 1540, left the County of Horne to his wife's children on condition that they should assume his name.

A page and later chamberlain at the court of Charles V, de Montmorency married Walburgis of Neuenahr in 1546. He became stadtholder of Guelders (Dutch: Gelderland) in 1555, an Admiral of Flanders (Dutch: Vlaanderen), and a knight of the Golden Fleece (Dutch: Orde van het Gulden Vlies) in 1556.

In 1559 he commanded the stately fleet which conveyed Philip II from the Netherlands to Spain, and he remained at the Spanish court until 1563. On his return he placed himself with the Prince of Orange and Count of Egmont at the head of the party which opposed the policy of Cardinal Granvelle. When Granvelle retired, the three nobles continued to resist the introduction of the Spanish Inquisition and of Spanish rule in the Netherlands. Though Philip appeared for a time to give way, he had made up his mind to punish the opponents of his policy. The regent, Margaret, duchess of Parma, was replaced by the duke of Alva, who entered the Netherlands at the head of a veteran army. Orange fled from the country, but Egmont and Horn, despite his warning, decided to remain and face the storm. They were both seized, tried and condemned as traitors. Ceaseless but vain efforts were made to obtain a fair trial for Horn, and appeals for clemency on his behalf were made by potentates in all parts of the continent. Egmont and Horn were decapitated on 5 June 1568 in the great square of the Grote Markt (Market Place) before the town hall at Brussels.

Legacy

Nowadays, a statue erected on the Petit Sablon / Kleine Zavel Square, near the Large Market Square in Brussels commemorates the Counts of Egmont and Hoorne, in historical overview usually mentioned together as "Egmond en Hoorne" and hailed as the first leaders of the Dutch revolt, as the predecessors of William of Orange, who grew to importance and obtained the leadership after their execution, and who was assassinated in 1584 in Delft, having succeeded in liberating parts of The Netherlands in the early years of the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648).

Van Egmont("Egmond") and De Montmorency ("Hoorne"), who both remained faithful to Catholicism, are mostly celebrated as the symbolic leaders in the national history of Belgium, with its catholic majority. William of Orange, brought up as a Lutheran, was a proponent of freedom of religion for all people, and grew to fame as the actual powerful leader in the national history of The Netherlands, where protestantism dominated and for many years even ruled as an official state religion.[citation needed]

The sentence "Den Coninck van Hispaengien heb ick altijt gheeert" in the 1st stanza of the Dutch national hymn Het Wilhelmus ("To the King of Spain I always paid my respect") refers to the initial loyalty of these three leading figures of the Dutch Revolt, the Counts of Hoorne and Egmont and the Prince of Orange, to Philip II and their claim that they merely objected against some hardships of the Spanish rule over The Netherlands as executed by Philips' emissaries, especially concerning the taxation and the merciless and cruel religious prosecutions, in the form of hanging and burning of protestants by the Spanish Inquisition, the latter being a human rights issue before this term was coined in the 18th Century.