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The purpose of this project is to add profiles that have been verified or are strongly suspected to belong to the maternal haplogroup H3.
For people who have tested and are assigned the maternal haplogroup H3 or who are believed to have had that maternal haplogroup based on descendants tested.
H3 is a Sub-Clad of Haplogroup H.
The second most frequent haplogroup is the H3, commoner in South of Europe, particularly in France and Spain.
Each haplogroup is defined by a set of
variants that were inherited from a common ancestor
H3 originated 9,000 years ago.
Haplogroup H, the parent of H3, originated in the Middle East and then expanded throughout Europe toward the end of the Ice Age. H3 likely branched off in northern Iberia, one of the only hospitable regions of Europe at a time when most of the continent was covered either by barren tundra or a mile-thick layer of ice. After Europe's climate started to warm about 11,000 years ago, people rapidly migrated northward into the formerly frozen landscape. H3, which traces back to a woman who likely lived around 9,000 years ago, was carried in these migrations along two paths beyond Iberia. One moved up the Atlantic seaboard to present-day France and the British Isles, and the other likely followed the Mediterranean coast into Italy and Sardinia, then across the Alps into what is now Hungary.
Haplogroup H3 is now found throughout western Europe thanks to the dramatic northward migrations at the end of the Ice Age and more gradual diffusion since then. Found throughout Europe and in the Maghreb / found in Neolithic Portugal, Spain, France, Germany and Scotland, in Bell Beaker Czechia and in MBA Scotland. It is most common in and around northern Spain, reaching levels of 14% among the Basques and 8% among the Galicians of extreme northwestern Iberia. Outside Iberia, H3 is present in many parts of western Europe, though at much lower levels. For example, H3 is present in Sweden in more than 4% of the general population. Outside of Europe, however, H3 is extremely rare. It reaches levels of about 2% among the Berbers of Morocco, due to the migration of Spanish women across the Gibraltar Strait since the Ice Age. A few individuals who belong to H3 have also been found in the Caucasus region of southwest Asia.
H3 Sub-Groups:
H3a and H3g, found in north-west Europe;
H3b and H3k, found in the British Isles and Catalonia;
H3b1
H3b1b1
H3c, found in Western Europe, including among the Basques;
H3h, found throughout northern Europe, including the remains of Cerdic (519 to 534), King of Wessex;
H3i found in Ireland and Scotland;
H3j found in Italy;
H3v found especially in Germanic countries and;
H3z found in Atlantic Europe.
Wikipedia
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Frontiers
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EUpedia
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NCBI NLM
Oxford academic
Research Gate
your DNA guide
Science direct
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