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YUGOSLAVIA ("Land of the Southern Slavs"), a Socialist Federated Republic in S.E. Europe, in the Balkan Peninsula. The various elements of which Yugoslav Jewry was composed after 1918 (i.e. those of Serbia and the Austro-Hungarian countries) were distinct from one another in their language, culture, social structure, and character according to the six separate historical, political, and cultural regions of their origin. These regions were: Serbia; Slovenia; Croatia, Slavonia, and Dalmatia; Bosnia-Herzegovina; Macedonia; and Vojvodina. . . . Continued
The history of Jewish community of Serbia goes back about two thousand years. Jews first arrived in what is now Serbia in Roman times. The Jewish communities of the Balkans remained small until the late 15th century, when Jews fleeing the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions found refuge in Ottoman-ruled areas, including Serbia. Jewish communities flourished in the Balkans until the turmoil of World War I. The surviving communities, including that of Serbia, were almost completely destroyed in the Holocaust during World War II.
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By the time Serbia and Yugoslavia were liberated in 1944, most of the Serbian Jewry had been murdered. Of the 82,500 Jews of Yugoslavia alive in 1941, only 14,000 (17%) survived the Holocaust. Of the Jewish population of 16,000 in the territory controlled by Nazi puppet government of Milan Nedić, police and secret services murdered approximately 14,500.
There was a similar persecution of Jews in the territory of present-day Vojvodina, which was annexed by Hungary. In the 1942 raid in Novi Sad, the Hungarian troops killed many Jewish and non-Jewish Serb civilians in Bačka.
Historian Christopher Browning who attended the conference on the subject of Holocaust and Serbian involvement stated:
Serbia was the only country outside Poland and the Soviet Union where all Jewish victims were killed on the spot without deportation, and was the first country after Estonia to be declared "Judenfrei", a term used by the Nazis during the Holocaust to denote an area free of all Jews.
Serbian civilians were involved in saving thousands of Yugoslavian Jews during this period. Miriam Steiner-Aviezer, a researcher into Yugoslavian Jewry and a member of Yad Vashem's Righteous Gentiles committee states: "The Serbs saved many Jews."
Currently, Yad Vashem recognizes 131 Serbians as Righteous Among Nations, the highest number among Balkan countries.
HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ; SARAJEVO HAGGADAH ; SYNAGOGUES
Regions & Towns
- Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, & Macedonia declared independence in 1991.
- Serbia and Montenegro became the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992.
Serbia; Slovenia; Croatia, Slavonia, Dalmatia; Bosnia-Herzegovina; Macedonia; and Vojvodina.
Aabac, Ada, Apatin, Backa Topola, Banja Luka, Belgrade, Beltinci, Bitolj, Bijeljina, (Monastir), Cantavir, Celarevo, Celje, Dorcol, Drava (Drau),Gradisca, Ilok, Jajinci, Kanjiya, Kidrecevo, Lendava, Ljubljana, Malki Idos, Maribor (Marburg), Murska Sobota (Subouta), Nis, Nova Gorica (Rozna Dolina) Novi Sad; Ochrida, Osijek, Piran, Poyarevac, Prekmurje, Ptuj (Poetovia), Radgona,Ragusa (Dubrovnik), Radevo, Sarajevo, Rosna Dolina, Sava, Senta, Skoplje, Slavonia, Smederevo, Solin (Salona), Sombor, Split (Spalato), Stanjel, Stara Moravica, Stobi, Struga, Subotica,Topovske Šupe ,Travnik, Varaydin, Vojvodina, Zagreb, Zemun, Zrenjanin,
- Jewish Community of Slovenia (Judovska skupnost Slovenije) IAJGS
- Jewish Community of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina IAJGS
- The Jewish Community of Croatia IAJGS
- The Jewish Community of Macedonia IAJGS
- Montenegro Jewish Community IAJGS
- Federation of the Jewish Communities of Serbia IAJGS
- Slovenia Jewish Communities IAJGS
Projects
- Jews of Macedonia
- Jasenovac Concentration Camp
- Sarajevo: Little Jerusalem of the Balkans
- Sarajevo: Serenade to Salam سلام Peace
Links
- Serbian Jews Wikpedia
- History of Jews in Serbia Wikipedia
- Voices of Yugoslav Jewry, By Paul Benjamin Gordiejew
- History of Jewish Communities in Yugoslavia
- Federation of Jewish Communities in Serbia
- Jews of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- History of Jewish women in the Balkans
- Jewish Artists in the former Yugoslavia
- Jewish Historical Museum in Belgrade
- Serbian-Jewish Singing Society Choir
- Yugoslavia, The Land of the Southern Slavs
- Pinkas ha-kehilot Yugoslavia, Edited by Zvi Loker
- Antisemitism / Struggle for Equality 1918 - 1941 Ivo Goldstein
- Jews of Yugoslavia 1918-1941 Amazon
- Federation of Jewish Communities in Serbia
- Yugoslavia and Its Jews: In Memoriam, By Harriet Pass Freidenreich
- The Jews of Yugoslavia : a quest for community by Harriet Pass Freidenreich
Holocaust
- Jews of Yugslavia 1941 - 1945:
- Holocaust victims Pages of Testimony Yad Vashem
- List of Jews murdered in Zasavica near Sabac (Serbia)
- Dead-end Journey: The Tragic Story of the Kladovo-Šabac Group
- Jasenovac & the Holocaust in Yugoslavia
- Jasenovac Research Institute
- Jadovno Concentration Camp
- Croatia's Hidden Holocaust
- Jewish Partisans of Yugoslavia
- Jewish Resistance in the Holocaust
- Yugoslavian Jews' Holocaust
List of Profiles
Notable people
- • David Albahari, writer
- • Oskar Danon, composer
- • Oskar Davičo, poet
- • Filip David, playwright and columnist
- • Jelena Đurović, writer, politician and journalist
- • Predrag Ejdus, actor
- • Vanja Ejdus, actress
- • Ivan Ivanji, writer
- • Enriko Josif, composer
- • Danilo Kiš, writer
- Tommy Lapid (1938 - 2008) former Israeli politician of Hungarian descent, born in Novi Sad
- • Sonja Licht, political activist
- Tina Morpurgo (1907 - 1944) notable Croatian painter
- Vid Morpurgo (1838 -1911) Croatian publisher, printer, bibliographer, librarian & politician.
- • Izidor Papo, cardiac surgeon and general of JNA
- • Moša Pijade, politician, painter, art critic and publicist
- • Seka Sablić, actress
- • Erich Šlomović, art collector
- • Aleksandar Tišma, writer
- • Ivan Ceresnjes, architect-researcher, former president of the Jewish community in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- • Kalmi Baruh, writer and philosopher
- • Emerik Blum, businessman, former Mayor of Sarajevo
- • Oskar Danon, composer and conductor
- David Elazar, Israeli general and Chief of Staff of Israel Defense Forces
- • Jakob Finci, politician, ambassador of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Switzerland
- • Isaac Pardo, rabbi of Sarajevo
- • Robert Rothbart, basketball player (Jewish mother)
- • Isak Samokovlija, writer
- • Josip Frank, Croatian politician
- Branko Grünbaum, mathematician
- Amatus Lusitanus notable Portuguese Jewish physician of the 16th century
- • Slobodan Lang, physician, politician, humanitarian
- Rikard Lang, prominent Croatian university professor, lawyer & economist, UN's expert
- • Lea Deutsch
- • Relja Bašić
- Rabbi Israel Isserlein "Landesrabbiner fuer Steiermark, Krain, und Korushka."
- R. Joseph b. Moses, Rabbi succeeding R' Isserlein
- R. Judah b. Solomon Hai Alkala (1798–1878), who lived there from 1825 to 1874 in Aabac and Belgrade
- Didacus Pyrrhus, Marrano Poet
- Zevi Hirsch Ashkenazi (Hakham Zevi)
- Yaver Effendi Barukh was sent to the parliament as the representative of Bosnia.
- Isaac Effendi Shalom was a member of the Majlis Idareh ("Advisory Council to the Vali").
- Solomon Effendi Shalom, representative in the parliament.
- R. Abraham Motal ha-Paytan ("the hymnologist") During the 17th and 18th centuries,
- Lavoslav Aik, a historian of Yugoslav Jewry,
- Hinko Gottlieb, Poet
- Siegfried Kapper, Czech and German Poet worked briefly in Croatia
- Isak Samokovlija, a Bosnian novelist who died in 1955.
- R. Reuben b. Abraham, who wrote the work Derekh Yesharah (Leghorn, 1788) & in Ladino Tikkunei ha-Nefesh
- Chief rabbi, Dr. Isaac Alkalay, spiritual head from 1924 to 1941 was appointed by the king and resided in Belgrade. The chief rabbi was equal in status to the Orthodox patriarch, the Catholic archbishop, and the Muslim reis ul-Ulema. He was also a member of the Yugoslav senate.