Fath-Ali Shah Qajar, Shahanshah

Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar (var. Fathalishah, Fathali Shah, Fath Ali Shah (Persian: فتح على شاه قاجار)‎ ( born 05. May 1669, - born 5. September 1772- died 23 October 1834) was the second Qajar king of Persia. He ruled from 17 June 1797 to 23 October 1834.

Fat′h Ali was a son of Hossein Qoli Khan (1749-1777) and nephew of Agha Mohammad Khan He ascended to the throne of Persia after his uncle was assassinated.

Fat′h Ali's real name was Baba Khan but he was crowned as Fat′h Ali Shah. He became suspicious of his chancellor Hajji Ebrahim Khan Kalantar and ordered his execution. Kalantar had been chancellor to Zand and Qajar rulers for some fifteen years.

Much of his reign was marked by the resurgence of Persian arts and painting, as well as a deeply elaborate court culture with extremely rigid etiquette. In particular during his reign, portraiture and large-scale oil painting reached a height previously unknown under any other Islamic dynasty, largely due to his personal patronage.

Fat′h Ali also ordered the creation of much royal regalia, including a coronation chair which was also used by later kings, and the "Tāj-i-Kīyānī" (Persian: تاج كيانى), or Kayanid Crown, a modification of the crown of the same name created by his uncle. This, like most of his regalia, was studded with innumerable pearls and gems. His Crown Jewels were valued at the time at a minimum of fifteen million pounds.

Russo-Persia Wars:

During the early reign of Fath Ali, Imperial Russia took control of Georgia claimed by the Persians. The war broke between Persia and Russia when Fat′h Ali Shah ordered the invasion of Georgia in 1804, under pressure from the Shia clergy, who were urging a war against Russia. The war began with notable victories for the Persians, but Russia shipped in advanced weaponry and cannons that disadvantaged the brave yet technologically inferior Qajar forces, who did not have artillery to match. Russia continued with a major campaign against Persia; Persia asked for help from Britain on the grounds of a military agreement with that country (the military agreement was signed after the rise of Napoleon in France). However, Britain refused to help Persia claiming that the military agreement concerned a French attack not Russian. Persia had to ask for help from France, sending an ambassador to Napoleon and signing the Treaty of Finkenstein. However, just when the French were ready to help Persia, Napoleon made peace with Russia. At this time, John Malcolm arrived in Persia and promised support but Britain later changed its mind and asked Persia to retreat. Russian troops invaded Tabriz in 1813 and Persia was forced to sign the Treaty of Gulistan with Russia. Another war was waged in 1826 and ended in 1828 which ended in the Treaty of Turkmenchay, which conceded many advantages to Russia.

Later life:

Fat′h Ali later employed writers and painters to make a book about his wars with Russia, inspired by the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi. This book, considered by many to be the most important Persian book written in the Qajar period, is called the Shahanshahnama.

When his beloved son and crown prince Abbas Mirza died on 25 October 1833, Fat′h Ali named his grandson Mohammed Mirza as his crown prince. Fat′h Ali died a year later, on 23 October 1834.

Fat′h Ali Shah had 158 wives, and 260 children. Of those children, 57 sons and 46 daughters survived him. He is instantly recognizable in all 25 known portraits - mainly due to his immense, deeply black beard, which reached well beneath his narrow waist.

Besides eulogistic chronicles, the only real sources that allow us to judge his personality are those of British, French and Russian diplomats. These vary greatly: earlier in his reign they tend to portray him as vigorous, manly and highly intelligent. Later they begin to point out his extreme indolence and avarice.

In 1797, he was given a complete set of the Britannica's 3rd edition, which he read completely; after this feat, he extended his royal title to include "Most Formidable Lord and Master of the Encyclopædia Britannica.

From Wikipedia, the encyclopedia

http://www.qajarpages.org/qajtoc.html

(Dates refer to period of reign, except when otherwise noted)

Shah Qoli Khan Qovanlou Qajar (ruled 1666-1694)* Fath Ali Khan Qovanlou Qajar (b. 1658-d. 1726)* Mohammad Hassan Khan Qovanlou Qajar (b. 1722-d. 1758/59)* Hossein Qoli Khan Qovanlou Qajar, Djahansouz Shah (b. 1744/45-d. 1777)* Agha Mohammad Shah, 1796 - 1797 ** Fath Ali Shah, 1797 - 1834 Abbas Mirza (b. 1789-d. 1833) (Fath Ali Shah's Crown Prince) Ali Mirza "Zell-e-Soltan," Ali Shah, 1834 (Crowned in Tehran; reigned as "Adel Shah" for 40 days) Hossein Ali Mirza Farman-Farma, 1834-35 (Crowned in Shiraz; reigned as "Hossein Ali Shah" for three months) Mohammad Shah, 1834 - 1848 Nasser-ed-Din Shah, 1848 - 1896 Mozaffar-ed-Din Shah, 1896 - 1907 Mohammad Ali Shah, 1907 - 1909 Soltan Ahmad Shah, 1909 - 1925 Mohammad Hassan Mirza (Declared Shah in exile 1930-1943) Fereydoun Mirza (Soltan Ahmad Shah's son and heir; d. 1975) Soltan Hamid Mirza (d.1988) Soltan Mahmoud Mirza (d.1988) Soltan Ali Mirza (Present Head of the Imperial Kadjar House) Mohammad Hassan Mirza II (Potential Heir to the Qajar (Kadjar) Throne)

باباخان جهانبانی (فرزند ارشد حسین قلی خان که آقا محمد خان قاجار چون فرزندی نداشت وی را ولیعهد خود کرد و به نام فتحعلی شاه به تخت سلطنت نشست)

فتحعلی‌شاه قاجار (۱۱۵۱ خورشیدی در دامغان - ۱۲۱۳ خورشیدی در اصفهان) دومین شاه از دودمان قاجار بود که از ۱۱۷۶ به مدت ۳۶ سال و ۸ ماه بر ایران فرمانروایی کرد.

محل تولد فتحعلی‌شاه شهرستان دامغان است، در کوچه‌ای که بموجب این تولد همچنان بنام کوچه مولودخانه مشهور عام می‌باشد.[%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF منبع] کریمخان زند پس از سرکوب شورش محمدحسن خان قاجار در شمال ایران دو پسر وی به نام‌های آقامحمدخان و حسینقلی خان جهانسوز را مورد لطف خویش قرار داد. وی محمدخان را با خود به شیراز برد و حکومت دامغان را نیز به برادر دیگر حسینقلی خان جهانسوز سپرد.[%DB%B1][%DB%B2] وی فرزند حسینقلی‌خان جهانسوز برادر جوانتر آقامحمدخان قاجار بود. فتحعلی شاه پس از کشته‌شدن عمویش آقامحمدخان به پادشاهی رسید. زیرا آقامحمدخان فرزندی نداشت.