Polish Resistance Movements during WWII

Of Major Significance

The Polish resistance movement in World War II, with the Polish Home Army at its forefront, was the largest underground resistance in all of Nazi-occupied Europe.

The Polish Underground State comprises the underground resistance organisations in Poland during WWII, military and civilian. It was one of the largest in the world andinxlided structures such as education, culture and social services, and covered both the German and Soviet zones of occupation.

It was an important part of the European anti-fascist resistance movement, disrupting German supply lines to the Eastern Front, providing military intelligence to the British, and saved more Jewish lives in the Holocaust than any other Allied organization or government. It was a part of the Polish Underground State.

There were many groups and squads comprising the resistance fighters and partisans, the largest being largest being the Armia Krajowa (Home Army, AK), loyal to the Polish government in London. One specific example took place in March 1940 in which a partisan unit of the first guerrilla commanders in the Second World War in Europe - Henryk Dobrzański Hubal completely destroyed a battalion of German infantry in a skirmish near the village of Huciska.

Most of the other Polish underground armed organizations were created by a political party or faction.

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Ghetto uprisings

Armed resistance was offered in over 100 ghettos. The best known and the biggest of such uprisings took place in Warsaw in April–May 1943. In the course of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 56,065 Jews were either killed on the spot or captured and transported aboard Holocaust trains to extermination camps before the Ghetto was razed to the ground. There were also other such struggles leading to the wholesale burning of the ghettos.

Uprisings, operations and battles

• Czortków Uprising
  
• Zamość Uprising
  
• Operation Wieniec
  
• Operation Arsenal
  
• Warsaw Ghetto Rising
  
• Operation Belt
  
• Operation Heads
  
• Operation Bürkl
  
• Operation Most III
  
• Operation Kutschera
  
• Battle of Murowana Oszmianka
  
• Battle of Porytowe Wzgórze
  
• Battle of Osuchy
  
• Operation Tempest
  
• Operation Ostra Brama
  
• Lwów Uprising
  
• Warsaw Uprising
  
• Attack on the NKVD Camp in Rembertów
  
• Battle of Kuryłówka
  
• Augustów chase 1945
  
• Zamosc uprising
  

Partisans and Resistance Fighters:

Jewish partisans were fighters in irregular military groups participating in the Jewish resistance movement against Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II. They were most numerous in Eastern Europe, but groups also existed in occupied France and Belgium, where they worked with the local resistance. Many individual Jewish fighters also took part in the other partisan movements in other occupied countries and numbered between 20,000 and 30,000.

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1. Capt. Herbert Cecil Buck, MC
2. Edek Galinski
3. Maurice "Tiffen" (Monju) Tiefenbrunner
4. Zus Bielski
5. Ariyeh Shai
6. Witold-Pilecki
7. Dov Cohen
8. Bernard Lowenthal
9. Israel Carmi
10. # Dolph Zentner (a veteran of No. 51 (Palestine) Commando)
11. Philip [Shraga-Iser] Kogel
12. Walter Essner
13. Herbert Brueckner (German POW)
14. Aleś Adamowicz
15. Zygmunt Andruszkiewicz
16. Yitzhak Arad
17. Asael Bielski
18. Tuvia Bielski
19. Masza Bruskina
20. Janka Bryl
21. Abba Kovner
22. Henryk Krajewski
23. Aleksander Krzyżanowski
24. Władysław Liniarski
25. Dov Lopatyn
26. Piotr Maszerau
27. Pancelajmon Panamarenka
28. Zinaida Portnova
29. Ivan Sergeychik
30. Yosif Strangelski
31. Piatro Szełachonaw
32. Janusz Szlaski
33. Shalom Yoran
34. Simcha Zorin
35. Wiaczesław Adamowicz
36. Paweł Trubecki
37. Michał Vituška
38. Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz
39. Sergiusz Piasecki
40. Zygmunt Szendzielarz
41. Mordechai Anielewicz
42. Dawid Apfelbaum
43. Yitzhak Arad
44. Leon Feldhendler
45. Dov Freiberg
46. Paweł Frenkiel
47. Moshe Gildenman ("Dyadya Misha")
48. Hirsh Glick
49. Munyo Gruber
50. Irene Gut Opdyke
51. Abba Kovner
52. Vladka Meed
53. Alexander Pechersky
54. Haviva Reik
55. Joseph Serchuk
56. Hannah Szenes (from Hungary)
57. Yitzhak Wittenberg
58. Shalom Yoran
59. Simcha Zorin
60. Ephraim Frank Bleichman

References:

• Marek Szymanski: Oddzial majora Hubala, Warszawa 1999, ISBN 83-912237-0-1
• Aleksandra Ziolkowska-Boehm: Polish Hero Roman Rodziewicz Fate of a Hubal Soldier in Auschwitz, Buchenwald and Postwar England, Lexington Books, 2013, ISBN 978-0-7391-8535-3
• Roy Francis Leslie, The History of Poland Since 1863, Cambridge University Press, 1983, ISBN 0-521-27501-6, Google Print, p.234-235
• Polish Home Army
• Poland's Long War
• 70th anniversary of the creation of the Polish Home Army