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Righteous Among The Nations - Yad Vashem
"And so we must know these good people who helped Jews during the Holocaust. We must learn from them, and in gratitude and hope, we must remember them."
Elie Wiesel
in the photo: Righteous Among the Nations medal
In 1963 Yad Vashem embarked upon a worldwide project to pay tribute to the Righteous Among the Nations who risked their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust. This represents a unique and unprecedented attempt by the victims to honour individuals from within the nations of perpetrators, collaborators and bystanders, who stood by the victims' side and acted in stark contrast to the mainstream of indifference and hostility that prevailed in the darkest time of history.
List of the Righteous Among The Nations of European nationalities NOT under Nazi rule (Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland & the United Kingdom) by country:
IRELAND
- Mary Elizabeth Jane Elms (1908 – 2002) was an Irish businesswoman and aid worker credited with saving the lives of at least 200 Jewish children during the Holocaust, by hiding them in the boot of her car. In 2015, she became the first and only Irish person honoured as Righteous Among the Nations by the State of Israel, in recognition of her work in the Spanish Civil War and World War II.
PORTUGAL
- De Sousa Mendes, Aristides (1885 – 1954) was a Portuguese diplomat who ignored and defied the orders of his own government for the safety of war refugees fleeing from invading German military forces in the early years of World War II. Between June 16 and June 23, 1940, he frantically issued Portuguese visas free of charge, to over 30,000 refugees seeking to escape the Nazi terror, 12,000 of whom were Jews.
- Sampaio Garrido, Carlos de Almeida Afonseca GOC ComC OSE GOL (1883 – 1960) was a Portuguese diplomat credited with saving the lives of approximately 1,000 Jews in Nazi-occupied Hungary while serving as Portugal's ambassador in Budapest between July and December 1944.
- Carreira, Joaquim (1908 – 1981) Rev. Joaquim Carreira risked his life to save dozens of Jews, during World War II, while serving at a Rome Pontifical College.
SPAIN
- Aguirre y Otegui, Martin () During the Spanish Civil War, Martin and his two brothers, with other children from the Basque region were evacuated to Belgium, where they end up in another war just two years later: the Second World War. Martin ends up in a Catholic home for boys. There, after a few years, he gets to know priest Ceupens, who is part of a resistance network. Between 1942 and 1945, the network rescued hundreds of Jewish children from the clutches of the Nazis.
- De Romero Radigales, Sebastian (1884 – 1970) was a Spanish diplomat and during WWII served as the Spanish consul in Athens, who helped Jews in Greece during the Holocaust.
- Faya Blasquez, Conception (1905 – 1978) was a Spanish Righteous Among the Nations , who housed six Jews in her home during World War II , thus contributing, thus contributing to their salvation.
- Martinez, Joseph Jose (died 1994) & Victoria Maria Martinez (Dolores) for having helped, at their own risk and peril, Jews hunted down during the Nazi occupation of France in WWII.
- Propper de Callejon, Eduardo (1895 – 1972) was a Spanish diplomat who is mainly remembered for having facilitated the escape of thousands of Jews from occupied France during World War II between 1940 and 1944.
- Santaella, Dr. Jose (1904 – 1997) & Carmen (1913 – 2021). Dr. Santaella served as the agricultural attaché in the Spanish Legation during WWII. He and his German-born wife, Carmen Waltraut, employed and thus saved the lives of three Jewish women: Gertrude Neumann, Ruth Arndt (later Gumpel) & Ruth’s mother, Lina, till sept, 1944.
- Sanz Briz, Angel (1910 – 1980) was a Spanish diplomat who served the government of Spain at its Embassy in Budapest (Hungary) during World War II. He saved the lives of some five thousand Hungarian Jews from deportation to Auschwitz. Sanz Briz is sometimes referred to as "the angel of Budapest".
SWEDEN
- Anger, Per (1913 – 2002) was a Swedish diplomat. Anger was Raoul Wallenbergs co-worker at the Swedish legation in Budapest during World War II when many Jews were saved because they were supplied with Swedish passports.
- Berg, Lars was a member of the Swedish legation in Budapest, 1944-45, during the Holocaust in WWII. He helped to save many Jews from persecution by creating special somewhat fake conditions to be able to supply them with Swedish passports.
- Danielsson, Carl Iwan (1880 – 1963) , was a senior Swedish diplomat and Ambassador to many European countries. during World War II (1942-45) envoy and head of the Swedish delegation in Budapest until just before the liberation of the city by the Red Army. He was ultimately responsible for the legation's efforts under Valdemar Langlet, Per Anger, Raoul Wallenberg and Lars G:son Berg, among others, to save Jewish lives from persecution and killing by German SS and Hungarian Arrow Crossers.
- Hesselblad, Elisabetta OSsS (1870 – 1957), was a Swedish religious sister who founded a new, active, branch of the Bridgettine order in the Roman Catholic Church, known as the "Bridgettine Sisters". Hesselblad is recognized as a Righteous Among the Nations due to her efforts in World War II saving the lives of Jews during the genocide of the Holocaust.
- Kihlgren, Elow (1887 – 1974). During World War II, as the Swedish consul in Genova, Kihlgren shelterd a Jewish family of four in an apartment, where they were kept hidden and he provided them with food. He later on arranged for them and other families to be smuggled across the border into Switzerland. The Gestapo expelled Kihlgren from Italy in September 1944.
- Langlet, Valdemar (1872 – 1960) was a Swedish publisher, and an early Esperantist. With his wife Nina Borovko-Langlet in Budapest, he is credited with saving many Jews from the Holocaust, by providing Swedish documents saying that people were waiting for Swedish nationality. & Nina Langlet (1896 – 1988) was a Russo-Swedish music and language teacher, a lecturer, an author, and a humanitarian aid worker. She is best known for undertaking rescue missions, along with her husband Valdemar Langlet and Raoul Wallenberg, in Budapest during the Second World War
- Myrgren, Pastor Erik (1914 – 1996) was a Swedish priest during World War II first in Stettin (then Germany) and in 1944 at the Swedish Victoria congregation in Berlin, after pastor Erik Perwe passed away. He continued the work of his pre-desesors, Birger Forell and Erik Perwe, in rescuing Jews and non-Jews from persecution by the Nazi regime.
- Perwe, Erik Hjalmar (1905 – 1944) was a Swedish priest, refugee helper and Nazi opponent.
- Wallenberg, Raoul (1912 – 1952) was a Swedish humanitarian who worked in Budapest, Hungary, during World War II to rescue Jews from the Holocaust. Between July and December 1944, he issued protective passports and housed Jews in buildings established as Swedish territory, saving tens of thousands of lives.
SWITZERLAND
- Barazetti, Bill () was an unsung hero of World War Two, helping to save the lives of hundreds of Jewish children through the Kindertransport project in Czechoslovakia in 1939.
- Berchmans, Sister Jeanne (Marie Meienhofer) (1897 - 1993). During WWII she was a teacher at the boarding school of the convent of the Congregation of the Sacred Heart in Thonon-les-Bains (Haute-Savoie). In early 1944 she was asked to shelter Mrs. Taube Wittels and her two sons Renee (21) and Bruno (9), a Jewish family fleeing from Vienna (as of the Anschluss in 1938) via Czechoslovakia, Switzerland and France (there via Paris, Marseille, Nice and Saint-Jean-de-Luz, and finally in Thonon). She hid them in the community monastery in Thonon-les-Bains until the end of the war.
- Bohny, Auguste (1919 – 2016) Auguste and his wife Friedel Bohny-Reiter, ran an institution in Chambon, France that sheltered at least 800 children in 1941-1944. These unfortunate children, who had been saved from concentration camps by other employees of Le Secours Suisse, spent between three and six months there until permanent arrangements could be made for them.
- Bohny-Reiter, Friedel (1912 – 2001) Auguste and his wife Friedel Bohny-Reiter, ran an institution in Chambon, France that sheltered at least 800 children in 1941-1944. These unfortunate children, who had been saved from concentration camps by other employees of Le Secours Suisse, spent between three and six months there until permanent arrangements could be made for them.
- Born, Friedrich (1903 – 1963) was a Swiss delegate of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Budapest between in 5/1944-1/1945. he recruited up to 3,000 Jews as workers for his offices, granting them protection. He also managed to distribute about 15,000 Schutzbriefe, protection documents issued by the ICRC that prevented the deportation and death of many Hungarian Jews. He is credited with rescuing between 11,000 and 15,000 Jews in Budapest.
- Bovet, Abbe Jean (1900 – 1952) was the parish priest in Archamps (Haute-Savoie) from 1942 to November 1944. He saved save many Jews in eastern France by helping to smuggle them to Switzerland.
- Brunschweiler, Benedikt (1910 – 1987) was a Swiss national who was appointed by the International Committee of the Red Cross to manage the Benedictine Archabbey of Pannonhalma on their behalf, during the final months of the German occupation, towards the end of the Second World War. Brunschweiler managed to convince the German Reich plenipotentiary for Hungary, Edmund Veesenmayer, to use the abbey as a shelter of children refugees. Towards the liberation of the area by the Red Army, the refugee population grew to about 3000 people.
- Buehler, Anton (1890 – 1973) Graubünden lawyer, civil servant at the Department of Justice and Police of the Canton of Graubünden. After the border with Austria was closed, he allowed a group of Jews to enter Switzerland.
- Calame-Rosset Paul (1905 – 2003) & May (). Paul and his wife May lived in Brussels. Paul was active in the Belgian resistance. They both accommodated Allied airmen, two Jewish families and a young girl in their home in Nazi occupied Belgium.
- Dubois, Maurice () established Secours Suisse aux Enfants in Toulouse, France, to take care of refugee children. Against his superiors’ wishes and in violation of French law, Dubois had Jewish children smuggled into Switzerland, endangering himself by supporting the people who carried out this hazardous mission. Dozens of Jewish young people owe their lives to him.
- Eidenbenz, Elisabeth (1913 - 2011) was a teacher and a nurse and founder of the Mothers of Elne (also known as Maternitat d'Elna in Catalan, Maternidad de Elna in Spanish and Maternité Suisse d'Elne in French). Between 1939 and 1944, she saved some 600 children who were mostly the children of Spanish Republicans, Jewish refugees and gypsies fleeing the Nazi invasion.
- Feller, Harald (1913 - 2003) From December 1944 through 1945, first as First Secretary of the Swiss Legation and then as Charge d’Affaires in Budapest, he was involved in numerous rescue operations, saving Jews. He risked his life by using illegal methods in order to save them, as well as several soldiers who deserted the Hungarian army. They all found refuge at his house before being transferred to Switzerland. Feller gave valuable assistance to the Zionist underground, supplying blank letters of protection, which were later filled in as needed.
- Flescher, Anna (Riesen) (1915 – 2008) was a Swiss-born Righteous Among the Nations , who saved Dr. Joachim Flescher in Rome during World War II .
- Francken, William (1889 - 1962) was a Swiss physician. Despite the formal ban on housing Jews, the Francken couple not only did not close the door of their chalet to them, but often provided them with room and board. The chalet was transformed into a dispensary and a refuge. In September 1942, their Vaudois chalet, Le Clou, became a stopover for many Jewish and Resistance fugitives that were smuggled into Switzerland.
- Laure Francken was a Swiss engineer. Despite the formal ban on housing Jews, the Francken couple not only did not close the door of their chalet to them, but often provided them with room and board. The chalet was transformed into a dispensary and a refuge. In September 1942, their Vaudois chalet, Le Clou, became a stopover for many Jewish and Resistance fugitives that were smuggled into Switzerland.
- Jean-Edouard Friedrich (1912 – 1999) was a member of the International Committee of the Red Cross delegation in Berlin with the authority over all the territories of the Third Reich, including the General Government, as well as the occupied territories, notably the Netherlands, Belgium and France. He helped a number of Jews enter Switzerland. He obtained papers for a young couple and accompanied them as far as the Swiss border, a story recounted by Lotte Strauss (1997). In Stuttgart, where he was posted, he escorted a young woman who was to be smuggled into Switzerland. They were spotted by the German police, whereupon Jean-Edouard Friedrich drew their attention and was caught, which allowed the refugees to escape and reach safety.
- Gander, Mark () & Jane (Roth) (). Mark and his wife Jane hid Solly Jaffè in Brunate, (in the Lombardy province of Como) under the fascist rule in Italy in WWII.
- Giannini, Walter Karl (1914 – 2003) & Emma Giannini-Aeppli (1917 – 1987). Walter was a teacher and his future wife Emma worked in the children's colony in Faverges (Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in France). They saved and accompanied two Jewish children across the border into Switzerland (August 1943).
- Gross, Abbe Albert () using illegal means, obtained transit permits, Swiss temporary residence visas and other documents that allowed Jewish internees and others to leave the camp and in some cases to escape to Switzerland
- Grueninger, Paul (1891 – 1972) was a Swiss police commander in St. Gallen. Following the Austrian Anschluss, Grüninger saved about 3,600 Jewish refugees by backdating their visas and falsifying other documents to indicate that they had entered Switzerland at a time when legal entry of refugees was still possible. He was dismissed from the police force, convicted of official misconduct, and fined 300 Swiss francs. He received no pension and died in poverty in 1972.
- Hof-Piguet, Anne-Marie (1916 – 2010) was a Swiss helper and human rights activist. In the years 1942-1944 she worked for the child support of the Swiss Red Cross at the Château de Bellevue in Montluel and the Château de la Hille near Toulouse. When the Nazis occupied southern France, Im Hof-Piguet saved twelve Jewish children and adults by helping them illegally cross the border into Switzerland. The Jewish refugees were picked up by Im Hof-Piguet's father, the forest inspector Henri-Joseph Piguet. Her mother accompanied the refugees to Zurich as a refugee pastor.
- Jaccard Arthur, (1883 – 2015), Wilhelmine Jaccard (1887 – 1963), & dght. Ruth Monney (1919 – 2001). Swiss native farmers who settled in Le Sappel, near Labalme sur Celdon in Ain. As devout Protestants they believed in the Christian duty to help the persecuted. Thus, from the beginning of the German occupation they helped refugees, Jews and deserters from the forced labor brigades. Their secluded farm was ideal for hiding. There were regularly twenty people in the Jaccard farm where they stayed until they could go to Switzerland. The couple and their daughter Ruth took care of their charges and ensured their safety.
- Lavergnat, Arthur (1914 – 1980) & his wife Jeanne (1920 – 2015) Arthur Lavergnat with his wife Jeanne] operated a farm called "Pierre-Grand", near Troinex (Geneva), located on the edge of of the border between France and Switzerland. In Nazi occupied France in WWII, in defiance of the danger, and participating in a network set up by the priest Marius Jolivet, the couple of farmers smuggled about forty groups of Jews across the border to Switzerland. More than once Arthur Lavergnat and his wife were not content to escort the unfortunate fugitives, but that they lodged them for a few days, until they can safely cross the border
- Lutz, Carl (1895 – 1975) was a Swiss diplomat. He served as the Swiss Vice-Consul in Budapest, Hungary, from 1942 until the end of World War II. He is credited with saving over 62,000 Jews during the Second World War in a very large rescue operation.
- Luz-Frankfurter, Gertrud (1911 – 1995) was a Swiss humanitarian activist. Jointly with her ex-husband, in 1964 they were nominated as Switzerland's first two "Righteous Among the Nations". it was a recognition of the couple's role in rescuing an estimated 62,000 Jews from slaughter during her husband's posting as the Swiss vice-consul in Budapest, and following the invasion of Hungary by the forces of Nazi Germany in March 1944. Due to his actions, half of the Jewish population of Budapest survived and was not deported to Nazi extermination camps during the Holocaust.
- Marclay, Emile (1897 – 1987) & Lina Marclay-Studer (1903 – 1992); daughter Marguerite (). Lina Marclay-Studer, her husband Emile and daughter Marguerite took in a total of 14 Jews in their chalet in Champéry.
- Muller, Ida () & her sister Jeanette Carmen (). Ida Muller and her sister Jeanette Carmen (née Muller) hid a Jewish woman in their home in Rome during the Nazi take-over of the Fascist regime during the last part of WWII.
- Naef, Rosa (1911 – 1996) was a Swiss nurse, who worked with Albert Schweitzer in Lambarénéin Gabon (1936-1939), before becoming director of the children's home at the Château de La Hille (Ariège), a refuge house for Jewish orphans, under the control of the "Secours aux Enfants” linked to the Swiss Red Cross (1939-1944). While there she actively participated in rescuing ca 30 young orphans, and three Jewish employees who have been arrested towards deportation to Auschwitz, by smuggling them to Spain and to Switzerland. For rescuing 20 children to Switzerland, thus saving their lives, the authorities of the Swiss Red Cross demanded her resignation.
- Prodolliet, Ernst (1905 — 1984) was a Swiss diplomat in the rank of a vice consul in Bregenz (Austria). During his tenure, he issued visas for Jews persecuted by the Nazis. In its report, the Bergier commission, which thoroughly investigated Swiss government policy towards Nazi Germany and the people it persecuted, stated that Prodolliet helped several thousand refugees to enter Switzerland. After discovering that he illegally issued visas to Jews, he was placed in Amsterdam, where he got active in saving more Jews from Nazi deportation trains. Due to his disregard of official procedures, he was denied promotions in the Swiss diplomatic corps.
- Reymond, Fred (1907 – 1999). In his capacity as an officer in the Swiss intelligence service, he frequently crossed the border between Switzerland and German-occupied France. When crossing the border, Reymond enabled numerous Jews, escaped prisoners of war, resistance fighters and Allied soldiers to flee to Switzerland. There he and his wife hid them in his house, provided them with food and supported them with money and train tickets on their further escape.
- Schaffert, Hans (1918 – 2003). In 1942 while being a Swiss priest in Germany, helped six young men who escaped from Auschwitz to escape to Spain. In 1944, he wrote and distributed the Auschwitz Protocol by the escaped concentration camp prisoners. This caused a worldwide response and increased public pressure on the great powers. In 1989 Georg Mantello thanked Hans Schaffert for his work "as one of the main participants in the rescue of 150,000 Jews in Budapest during the Holocaust".
UNITED KINGDOM
- Agnes, Sister (Walsh Clare) (1896 – 19893) Clare Walsh (Sister Agnés) of England was the assistant of the mother superior, Sister Granier* in the St.Vincent de Paul convent in Cadouin, in the département of Dordogne. In December 1943, during manhunts for Jews in the area, the Cremieux family of four was given refuge in the convent of St. Vincent de Paul, thanks to the efforts of Sister Agnés and her superior, Sister Granier, disregarding the danger to shelter them. The family remained in the convent until liberation, treated warmly and devotedly by the nuns.
- Bedane, Albert (1893 – 1980) lived in Jersey during the German occupation during World War II, and provided shelter to a Jewish woman and others, preventing their capture by the Nazis.
- Buckley, Jack (1917 – 1986) A member of a group of a team of "forced labor" British POWs in Nazi occupied Poland who rescued and hid Sarah Matuson (later Hannah Sarah Rigler), a 16 years old Jewish girl who managed to escape a Nazi death march from the Stutthof concentration camp to the Baltic sea in January 1945.
- Cook, Ida (1902 – 1980) & Louise Cook (1904 – 1980) helped 29 Jews escape from the horror and danger of Nazi persecution in Germany and Austria during the three-year period preceding World War II, but mainly after Kristallnacht in November 1938.
- Coward, Charles (1905 – 1976) During World War II, In 1940 as a British sergeant major he fought on the French front, was wounded and captured at Dunkirk. He escaped from captivity several times, was recaptured and eventually interned in Monowitz POW prison camp, near Auschwitz. During this time, he became known as the “Count of Auschwitz.” Coward had the idea of collecting precious chocolate and cigarettes from his fellow British prisoners, exchanging them with an Auschwitz guards for dead bodies. He substituted these bodies for Jewish inmates who were then helped to escape.
- Edwards, Alan () A member of a group of a team of "forced labor" British POWs in Nazi occupied Poland who rescued and hid Sarah Matuson (later Hannah Sarah Rigler), a 16 years old Jewish girl who managed to escape a Nazi death march from the Stutthof concentration camp to the Baltic sea in January 1945.
- Fisher, Willy (1912 – 1976) A member of a group of a team of "forced labor" British POWs in Nazi occupied Poland who rescued and hid Sarah Matuson (later Hannah Sarah Rigler), a 16 years old Jewish girl who managed to escape a Nazi death march from the Stutthof concentration camp to the Baltic sea in January 1945.
- Foley, Francis Edward (1884 – 1958) was recruited to the British Secret Intelligence Service and became one of Britain’s most successful spies. Stationed in Berlin from 1922 to 1939 he used his position as Passport Control Officer at the British embassy to save thousands of Jews from Nazi death camps from 1935. A Daily Telegraph journalist, Michael Smith, brought Foley’s story to light in his book Foley, the Spy who saved 10,000 Jews (1999).
- Haining, Jane (1897 – 1944) was matron of the Girls’ Home of the Scottish Mission in Budapest, Hungary, 1932-1944. She dedicated those years to caring and teaching Jewish girls in the school next to the Girls’ Home, responsible for 400 children from six to 16. By 1940, the Scottish missionaries were ordered to return home, but Haining refused to leave her children. On April 25, 1944, she was taken first to Foutca prison, charged and deported to Auschwitz where she died of starvation on July 17, 1944, at the age of 47.
- Hambling, Bert () A member of a group of a team of "forced labor" British POWs in Nazi occupied Poland who rescued and hid Sarah Matuson (later Hannah Sarah Rigler), a 16 years old Jewish girl who managed to escape a Nazi death march from the Stutthof concentration camp to the Baltic sea in January 1945.
- Hammond, George (1919 – 2003) A member of a group of a team of "forced labor" British POWs in Nazi occupied Poland who rescued and hid Sarah Matuson (later Hannah Sarah Rigler), a 16 years old Jewish girl who managed to escape a Nazi death march from the Stutthof concentration camp to the Baltic sea in January 1945.
- Keeble, Bill (1911 – d) A member of a group of a team of "forced labor" British POWs in Nazi occupied Poland who rescued and hid Sarah Matuson (later Hannah Sarah Rigler), a 16 years old Jewish girl who managed to escape a Nazi death march from the Stutthof concentration camp to the Baltic sea in January 1945.
- Letchford, Roger () A member of a group of a team of "forced labor" British POWs in Nazi occupied Poland who rescued and hid Sarah Matuson (later Hannah Sarah Rigler), a 16 years old Jewish girl who managed to escape a Nazi death march from the Stutthof concentration camp to the Baltic sea in January 1945.
- Noble, Thomas () A member of a group of a team of "forced labor" British POWs in Nazi occupied Poland who rescued and hid Sarah Matuson (later Hannah Sarah Rigler), a 16 years old Jewish girl who managed to escape a Nazi death march from the Stutthof concentration camp to the Baltic sea in January 1945.
- Ravenhall-Stickley, Elsie June (1901 – 1985). In 1942 in Hilversum (prov. North-Holland) under Nazi occupation, sheltered in her home, together with her 3 teenage children, the Jewish journalist and radio reporter Louis (Levi) Velleman. The winter of 1944-1945 food supplies from the rural eastern parts of the country were forcefully stopped by the occupier and many more died of starvation. The Ravenhall family could not support an extra mouth, and thus Louis was taken to Wieger and Sijbrig Beks, living close-by.
- Scruton, Bill (1907 – 1987) A member of a group of a team of "forced labor" British POWs in Nazi occupied Poland who rescued and hid Sarah Matuson (later Hannah Sarah Rigler), a 16 years old Jewish girl who managed to escape a Nazi death march from the Stutthof concentration camp to the Baltic sea in January 1945.
- Princess Sofka Petrovna Skipwith (Dolgorukova) (1907 – 1994) together with Madeleine White Steinberger used their contacts to the resistance movement to arrange getting a number of children out of Vittel camp just in time to save them from being sent to death at Auschwitz concentration camp. They also managed to save the life of a Jewish baby whose mother had been taken from the hospital, but the baby was left behind.
- Steinberg, Madeleine (White) (1921 – 2008) together with Sofka Skipwith used their contacts to the resistance movement to arrange getting a number of children out of Vittel camp just in time to save them from being sent to death at Auschwitz concentration camp. They also managed to save the life of a Jewish baby whose mother had been taken from the hospital, but the baby was left behind.
- Tilney, Elsie Maude (1893 – 1994) served as a missionary in the 1920s—1930s in North Africa, France and Austria. In Vienna, in 1939, she first became a witness to the persecution of the Jews, and when she was about to return to Paris, she took with her a 1-year-old Jewish infant, Ruth Buchholz. Elsie brought Ruth to a children’s home near Paris, where she stayed for the rest of the war and where her parents finally found her after the liberation of Paris.
- Weber, Dorothea (Le Brocq) (1911 – d), was a native of St. Helier, Jersey, in the Channel Islands. In 1944, under the Nazi occupation of the islands, she sheltered Hedwig (Hedy) Goldenberg Bercu, a Jewish young woman in hiding in St. Helier, for 18 months thus saving her life at a great risk to her own life.
- Wells, Stanley () A member of a group of a team of "forced labor" British POWs in Nazi occupied Poland who rescued and hid Sarah Matuson (later Hannah Sarah Rigler), a 16 years old Jewish girl who managed to escape a Nazi death march from the Stutthof concentration camp to the Baltic sea in January 1945.
Righteous Among The Nations - Yad Vashem
"And so we must know these good people who helped Jews during the Holocaust. We must learn from them, and in gratitude and hope, we must remember them."
Elie Wiesel
in the photo: Righteous Among the Nations medal
In 1963 Yad Vashem embarked upon a worldwide project to pay tribute to the Righteous Among the Nations who risked their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust. This represents a unique and unprecedented attempt by the victims to honour individuals from within the nations of perpetrators, collaborators and bystanders, who stood by the victims' side and acted in stark contrast to the mainstream of indifference and hostility that prevailed in the darkest time of history.
List of the Righteous Among The Nations of European nationalities NOT under Nazi rule (Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland & the United Kingdom) by country:
IRELAND
- Mary Elizabeth Jane Elms (1908 – 2002) was an Irish businesswoman and aid worker credited with saving the lives of at least 200 Jewish children during the Holocaust, by hiding them in the boot of her car. In 2015, she became the first and only Irish person honoured as Righteous Among the Nations by the State of Israel, in recognition of her work in the Spanish Civil War and World War II.
PORTUGAL
- De Sousa Mendes, Aristides (1885 – 1954) was a Portuguese diplomat who ignored and defied the orders of his own government for the safety of war refugees fleeing from invading German military forces in the early years of World War II. Between June 16 and June 23, 1940, he frantically issued Portuguese visas free of charge, to over 30,000 refugees seeking to escape the Nazi terror, 12,000 of whom were Jews.
- Sampaio Garrido, Carlos de Almeida Afonseca GOC ComC OSE GOL (1883 – 1960) was a Portuguese diplomat credited with saving the lives of approximately 1,000 Jews in Nazi-occupied Hungary while serving as Portugal's ambassador in Budapest between July and December 1944.
- Carreira, Joaquim (1908 – 1981) Rev. Joaquim Carreira risked his life to save dozens of Jews, during World War II, while serving at a Rome Pontifical College.
SPAIN
- Aguirre y Otegui, Martin () During the Spanish Civil War, Martin and his two brothers, with other children from the Basque region were evacuated to Belgium, where they end up in another war just two years later: the Second World War. Martin ends up in a Catholic home for boys. There, after a few years, he gets to know priest Ceupens, who is part of a resistance network. Between 1942 and 1945, the network rescued hundreds of Jewish children from the clutches of the Nazis.
- De Romero Radigales, Sebastian (1884 – 1970) was a Spanish diplomat and during WWII served as the Spanish consul in Athens, who helped Jews in Greece during the Holocaust.
- Faya Blasquez, Conception (1905 – 1978) was a Spanish Righteous Among the Nations , who housed six Jews in her home during World War II , thus contributing, thus contributing to their salvation.
- Martinez, Joseph Jose (died 1994) & Victoria Maria Martinez (Dolores) for having helped, at their own risk and peril, Jews hunted down during the Nazi occupation of France in WWII.
- Propper de Callejon, Eduardo (1895 – 1972) was a Spanish diplomat who is mainly remembered for having facilitated the escape of thousands of Jews from occupied France during World War II between 1940 and 1944.
- Santaella, Dr. Jose (1904 – 1997) & Carmen (1913 – 2021). Dr. Santaella served as the agricultural attaché in the Spanish Legation during WWII. He and his German-born wife, Carmen Waltraut, employed and thus saved the lives of three Jewish women: Gertrude Neumann, Ruth Arndt (later Gumpel) & Ruth’s mother, Lina, till sept, 1944.
- Sanz Briz, Angel (1910 – 1980) was a Spanish diplomat who served the government of Spain at its Embassy in Budapest (Hungary) during World War II. He saved the lives of some five thousand Hungarian Jews from deportation to Auschwitz. Sanz Briz is sometimes referred to as "the angel of Budapest".
SWEDEN
- Anger, Per (1913 – 2002) was a Swedish diplomat. Anger was Raoul Wallenbergs co-worker at the Swedish legation in Budapest during World War II when many Jews were saved because they were supplied with Swedish passports.
- Berg, Lars was a member of the Swedish legation in Budapest, 1944-45, during the Holocaust in WWII. He helped to save many Jews from persecution by creating special somewhat fake conditions to be able to supply them with Swedish passports.
- Danielsson, Carl Iwan (1880 – 1963) , was a senior Swedish diplomat and Ambassador to many European countries. during World War II (1942-45) envoy and head of the Swedish delegation in Budapest until just before the liberation of the city by the Red Army. He was ultimately responsible for the legation's efforts under Valdemar Langlet, Per Anger, Raoul Wallenberg and Lars G:son Berg, among others, to save Jewish lives from persecution and killing by German SS and Hungarian Arrow Crossers.
- Hesselblad, Elisabetta OSsS (1870 – 1957), was a Swedish religious sister who founded a new, active, branch of the Bridgettine order in the Roman Catholic Church, known as the "Bridgettine Sisters". Hesselblad is recognized as a Righteous Among the Nations due to her efforts in World War II saving the lives of Jews during the genocide of the Holocaust.
- Kihlgren, Elow (1887 – 1974). During World War II, as the Swedish consul in Genova, Kihlgren shelterd a Jewish family of four in an apartment, where they were kept hidden and he provided them with food. He later on arranged for them and other families to be smuggled across the border into Switzerland. The Gestapo expelled Kihlgren from Italy in September 1944.
- Langlet, Valdemar (1872 – 1960) was a Swedish publisher, and an early Esperantist. With his wife Nina Borovko-Langlet in Budapest, he is credited with saving many Jews from the Holocaust, by providing Swedish documents saying that people were waiting for Swedish nationality. & Nina Langlet (1896 – 1988) was a Russo-Swedish music and language teacher, a lecturer, an author, and a humanitarian aid worker. She is best known for undertaking rescue missions, along with her husband Valdemar Langlet and Raoul Wallenberg, in Budapest during the Second World War
- Myrgren, Pastor Erik (1914 – 1996) was a Swedish priest during World War II first in Stettin (then Germany) and in 1944 at the Swedish Victoria congregation in Berlin, after pastor Erik Perwe passed away. He continued the work of his pre-desesors, Birger Forell and Erik Perwe, in rescuing Jews and non-Jews from persecution by the Nazi regime.
- Perwe, Erik Hjalmar (1905 – 1944) was a Swedish priest, refugee helper and Nazi opponent.
- Wallenberg, Raoul (1912 – 1952) was a Swedish humanitarian who worked in Budapest, Hungary, during World War II to rescue Jews from the Holocaust. Between July and December 1944, he issued protective passports and housed Jews in buildings established as Swedish territory, saving tens of thousands of lives.
SWITZERLAND
- Barazetti, Bill () was an unsung hero of World War Two, helping to save the lives of hundreds of Jewish children through the Kindertransport project in Czechoslovakia in 1939.
- Berchmans, Sister Jeanne (Marie Meienhofer) (1897 - 1993). During WWII she was a teacher at the boarding school of the convent of the Congregation of the Sacred Heart in Thonon-les-Bains (Haute-Savoie). In early 1944 she was asked to shelter Mrs. Taube Wittels and her two sons Renee (21) and Bruno (9), a Jewish family fleeing from Vienna (as of the Anschluss in 1938) via Czechoslovakia, Switzerland and France (there via Paris, Marseille, Nice and Saint-Jean-de-Luz, and finally in Thonon). She hid them in the community monastery in Thonon-les-Bains until the end of the war.
- Bohny, Auguste (1919 – 2016) Auguste and his wife Friedel Bohny-Reiter, ran an institution in Chambon, France that sheltered at least 800 children in 1941-1944. These unfortunate children, who had been saved from concentration camps by other employees of Le Secours Suisse, spent between three and six months there until permanent arrangements could be made for them.
- Bohny-Reiter, Friedel (1912 – 2001) Auguste and his wife Friedel Bohny-Reiter, ran an institution in Chambon, France that sheltered at least 800 children in 1941-1944. These unfortunate children, who had been saved from concentration camps by other employees of Le Secours Suisse, spent between three and six months there until permanent arrangements could be made for them.
- Born, Friedrich (1903 – 1963) was a Swiss delegate of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Budapest between in 5/1944-1/1945. he recruited up to 3,000 Jews as workers for his offices, granting them protection. He also managed to distribute about 15,000 Schutzbriefe, protection documents issued by the ICRC that prevented the deportation and death of many Hungarian Jews. He is credited with rescuing between 11,000 and 15,000 Jews in Budapest.
- Bovet, Abbe Jean (1900 – 1952) was the parish priest in Archamps (Haute-Savoie) from 1942 to November 1944. He saved save many Jews in eastern France by helping to smuggle them to Switzerland.
- Brunschweiler, Benedikt (1910 – 1987) was a Swiss national who was appointed by the International Committee of the Red Cross to manage the Benedictine Archabbey of Pannonhalma on their behalf, during the final months of the German occupation, towards the end of the Second World War. Brunschweiler managed to convince the German Reich plenipotentiary for Hungary, Edmund Veesenmayer, to use the abbey as a shelter of children refugees. Towards the liberation of the area by the Red Army, the refugee population grew to about 3000 people.
- Buehler, Anton (1890 – 1973) Graubünden lawyer, civil servant at the Department of Justice and Police of the Canton of Graubünden. After the border with Austria was closed, he allowed a group of Jews to enter Switzerland.
- Calame-Rosset Paul (1905 – 2003) & May (). Paul and his wife May lived in Brussels. Paul was active in the Belgian resistance. They both accommodated Allied airmen, two Jewish families and a young girl in their home in Nazi occupied Belgium.
- Dubois, Maurice () established Secours Suisse aux Enfants in Toulouse, France, to take care of refugee children. Against his superiors’ wishes and in violation of French law, Dubois had Jewish children smuggled into Switzerland, endangering himself by supporting the people who carried out this hazardous mission. Dozens of Jewish young people owe their lives to him.
- Eidenbenz, Elisabeth (1913 - 2011) was a teacher and a nurse and founder of the Mothers of Elne (also known as Maternitat d'Elna in Catalan, Maternidad de Elna in Spanish and Maternité Suisse d'Elne in French). Between 1939 and 1944, she saved some 600 children who were mostly the children of Spanish Republicans, Jewish refugees and gypsies fleeing the Nazi invasion.
- Feller, Harald (1913 - 2003) From December 1944 through 1945, first as First Secretary of the Swiss Legation and then as Charge d’Affaires in Budapest, he was involved in numerous rescue operations, saving Jews. He risked his life by using illegal methods in order to save them, as well as several soldiers who deserted the Hungarian army. They all found refuge at his house before being transferred to Switzerland. Feller gave valuable assistance to the Zionist underground, supplying blank letters of protection, which were later filled in as needed.
- Flescher, Anna (Riesen) (1915 – 2008) was a Swiss-born Righteous Among the Nations , who saved Dr. Joachim Flescher in Rome during World War II .
- Francken, William (1889 - 1962) was a Swiss physician. Despite the formal ban on housing Jews, the Francken couple not only did not close the door of their chalet to them, but often provided them with room and board. The chalet was transformed into a dispensary and a refuge. In September 1942, their Vaudois chalet, Le Clou, became a stopover for many Jewish and Resistance fugitives that were smuggled into Switzerland.
- Laure Francken was a Swiss engineer. Despite the formal ban on housing Jews, the Francken couple not only did not close the door of their chalet to them, but often provided them with room and board. The chalet was transformed into a dispensary and a refuge. In September 1942, their Vaudois chalet, Le Clou, became a stopover for many Jewish and Resistance fugitives that were smuggled into Switzerland.
- Jean-Edouard Friedrich (1912 – 1999) was a member of the International Committee of the Red Cross delegation in Berlin with the authority over all the territories of the Third Reich, including the General Government, as well as the occupied territories, notably the Netherlands, Belgium and France. He helped a number of Jews enter Switzerland. He obtained papers for a young couple and accompanied them as far as the Swiss border, a story recounted by Lotte Strauss (1997). In Stuttgart, where he was posted, he escorted a young woman who was to be smuggled into Switzerland. They were spotted by the German police, whereupon Jean-Edouard Friedrich drew their attention and was caught, which allowed the refugees to escape and reach safety.
- Gander, Mark () & Jane (Roth) (). Mark and his wife Jane hid Solly Jaffè in Brunate, (in the Lombardy province of Como) under the fascist rule in Italy in WWII.
- Giannini, Walter Karl (1914 – 2003) & Emma Giannini-Aeppli (1917 – 1987). Walter was a teacher and his future wife Emma worked in the children's colony in Faverges (Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in France). They saved and accompanied two Jewish children across the border into Switzerland (August 1943).
- Gross, Abbe Albert () using illegal means, obtained transit permits, Swiss temporary residence visas and other documents that allowed Jewish internees and others to leave the camp and in some cases to escape to Switzerland
- Grueninger, Paul (1891 – 1972) was a Swiss police commander in St. Gallen. Following the Austrian Anschluss, Grüninger saved about 3,600 Jewish refugees by backdating their visas and falsifying other documents to indicate that they had entered Switzerland at a time when legal entry of refugees was still possible. He was dismissed from the police force, convicted of official misconduct, and fined 300 Swiss francs. He received no pension and died in poverty in 1972.
- Hof-Piguet, Anne-Marie (1916 – 2010) was a Swiss helper and human rights activist. In the years 1942-1944 she worked for the child support of the Swiss Red Cross at the Château de Bellevue in Montluel and the Château de la Hille near Toulouse. When the Nazis occupied southern France, Im Hof-Piguet saved twelve Jewish children and adults by helping them illegally cross the border into Switzerland. The Jewish refugees were picked up by Im Hof-Piguet's father, the forest inspector Henri-Joseph Piguet. Her mother accompanied the refugees to Zurich as a refugee pastor.
- Jaccard Arthur, (1883 – 2015), Wilhelmine Jaccard (1887 – 1963), & dght. Ruth Monney (1919 – 2001). Swiss native farmers who settled in Le Sappel, near Labalme sur Celdon in Ain. As devout Protestants they believed in the Christian duty to help the persecuted. Thus, from the beginning of the German occupation they helped refugees, Jews and deserters from the forced labor brigades. Their secluded farm was ideal for hiding. There were regularly twenty people in the Jaccard farm where they stayed until they could go to Switzerland. The couple and their daughter Ruth took care of their charges and ensured their safety.
- Lavergnat, Arthur (1914 – 1980) & his wife Jeanne (1920 – 2015) Arthur Lavergnat with his wife Jeanne] operated a farm called "Pierre-Grand", near Troinex (Geneva), located on the edge of of the border between France and Switzerland. In Nazi occupied France in WWII, in defiance of the danger, and participating in a network set up by the priest Marius Jolivet, the couple of farmers smuggled about forty groups of Jews across the border to Switzerland. More than once Arthur Lavergnat and his wife were not content to escort the unfortunate fugitives, but that they lodged them for a few days, until they can safely cross the border
- Lutz, Carl (1895 – 1975) was a Swiss diplomat. He served as the Swiss Vice-Consul in Budapest, Hungary, from 1942 until the end of World War II. He is credited with saving over 62,000 Jews during the Second World War in a very large rescue operation.
- Luz-Frankfurter, Gertrud (1911 – 1995) was a Swiss humanitarian activist. Jointly with her ex-husband, in 1964 they were nominated as Switzerland's first two "Righteous Among the Nations". it was a recognition of the couple's role in rescuing an estimated 62,000 Jews from slaughter during her husband's posting as the Swiss vice-consul in Budapest, and following the invasion of Hungary by the forces of Nazi Germany in March 1944. Due to his actions, half of the Jewish population of Budapest survived and was not deported to Nazi extermination camps during the Holocaust.
- Marclay, Emile (1897 – 1987) & Lina Marclay-Studer (1903 – 1992); daughter Marguerite (). Lina Marclay-Studer, her husband Emile and daughter Marguerite took in a total of 14 Jews in their chalet in Champéry.
- Muller, Ida () & her sister Jeanette Carmen (). Ida Muller and her sister Jeanette Carmen (née Muller) hid a Jewish woman in their home in Rome during the Nazi take-over of the Fascist regime during the last part of WWII.
- Naef, Rosa (1911 – 1996) was a Swiss nurse, who worked with Albert Schweitzer in Lambarénéin Gabon (1936-1939), before becoming director of the children's home at the Château de La Hille (Ariège), a refuge house for Jewish orphans, under the control of the "Secours aux Enfants” linked to the Swiss Red Cross (1939-1944). While there she actively participated in rescuing ca 30 young orphans, and three Jewish employees who have been arrested towards deportation to Auschwitz, by smuggling them to Spain and to Switzerland. For rescuing 20 children to Switzerland, thus saving their lives, the authorities of the Swiss Red Cross demanded her resignation.
- Prodolliet, Ernst (1905 — 1984) was a Swiss diplomat in the rank of a vice consul in Bregenz (Austria). During his tenure, he issued visas for Jews persecuted by the Nazis. In its report, the Bergier commission, which thoroughly investigated Swiss government policy towards Nazi Germany and the people it persecuted, stated that Prodolliet helped several thousand refugees to enter Switzerland. After discovering that he illegally issued visas to Jews, he was placed in Amsterdam, where he got active in saving more Jews from Nazi deportation trains. Due to his disregard of official procedures, he was denied promotions in the Swiss diplomatic corps.
- Reymond, Fred (1907 – 1999). In his capacity as an officer in the Swiss intelligence service, he frequently crossed the border between Switzerland and German-occupied France. When crossing the border, Reymond enabled numerous Jews, escaped prisoners of war, resistance fighters and Allied soldiers to flee to Switzerland. There he and his wife hid them in his house, provided them with food and supported them with money and train tickets on their further escape.
- Schaffert, Hans (1918 – 2003). In 1942 while being a Swiss priest in Germany, helped six young men who escaped from Auschwitz to escape to Spain. In 1944, he wrote and distributed the Auschwitz Protocol by the escaped concentration camp prisoners. This caused a worldwide response and increased public pressure on the great powers. In 1989 Georg Mantello thanked Hans Schaffert for his work "as one of the main participants in the rescue of 150,000 Jews in Budapest during the Holocaust".
UNITED KINGDOM
- Agnes, Sister (Walsh Clare) (1896 – 19893) Clare Walsh (Sister Agnés) of England was the assistant of the mother superior, Sister Granier* in the St.Vincent de Paul convent in Cadouin, in the département of Dordogne. In December 1943, during manhunts for Jews in the area, the Cremieux family of four was given refuge in the convent of St. Vincent de Paul, thanks to the efforts of Sister Agnés and her superior, Sister Granier, disregarding the danger to shelter them. The family remained in the convent until liberation, treated warmly and devotedly by the nuns.
- Bedane, Albert (1893 – 1980) lived in Jersey during the German occupation during World War II, and provided shelter to a Jewish woman and others, preventing their capture by the Nazis.
- Buckley, Jack (1917 – 1986) A member of a group of a team of "forced labor" British POWs in Nazi occupied Poland who rescued and hid Sarah Matuson (later Hannah Sarah Rigler), a 16 years old Jewish girl who managed to escape a Nazi death march from the Stutthof concentration camp to the Baltic sea in January 1945.
- Cook, Ida (1902 – 1980) & Louise Cook (1904 – 1980) helped 29 Jews escape from the horror and danger of Nazi persecution in Germany and Austria during the three-year period preceding World War II, but mainly after Kristallnacht in November 1938.
- Coward, Charles (1905 – 1976) During World War II, In 1940 as a British sergeant major he fought on the French front, was wounded and captured at Dunkirk. He escaped from captivity several times, was recaptured and eventually interned in Monowitz POW prison camp, near Auschwitz. During this time, he became known as the “Count of Auschwitz.” Coward had the idea of collecting precious chocolate and cigarettes from his fellow British prisoners, exchanging them with an Auschwitz guards for dead bodies. He substituted these bodies for Jewish inmates who were then helped to escape.
- Edwards, Alan () A member of a group of a team of "forced labor" British POWs in Nazi occupied Poland who rescued and hid Sarah Matuson (later Hannah Sarah Rigler), a 16 years old Jewish girl who managed to escape a Nazi death march from the Stutthof concentration camp to the Baltic sea in January 1945.
- Fisher, Willy (1912 – 1976) A member of a group of a team of "forced labor" British POWs in Nazi occupied Poland who rescued and hid Sarah Matuson (later Hannah Sarah Rigler), a 16 years old Jewish girl who managed to escape a Nazi death march from the Stutthof concentration camp to the Baltic sea in January 1945.
- Foley, Francis Edward (1884 – 1958) was recruited to the British Secret Intelligence Service and became one of Britain’s most successful spies. Stationed in Berlin from 1922 to 1939 he used his position as Passport Control Officer at the British embassy to save thousands of Jews from Nazi death camps from 1935. A Daily Telegraph journalist, Michael Smith, brought Foley’s story to light in his book Foley, the Spy who saved 10,000 Jews (1999).
- Haining, Jane (1897 – 1944) was matron of the Girls’ Home of the Scottish Mission in Budapest, Hungary, 1932-1944. She dedicated those years to caring and teaching Jewish girls in the school next to the Girls’ Home, responsible for 400 children from six to 16. By 1940, the Scottish missionaries were ordered to return home, but Haining refused to leave her children. On April 25, 1944, she was taken first to Foutca prison, charged and deported to Auschwitz where she died of starvation on July 17, 1944, at the age of 47.
- Hambling, Bert () A member of a group of a team of "forced labor" British POWs in Nazi occupied Poland who rescued and hid Sarah Matuson (later Hannah Sarah Rigler), a 16 years old Jewish girl who managed to escape a Nazi death march from the Stutthof concentration camp to the Baltic sea in January 1945.
- Hammond, George (1919 – 2003) A member of a group of a team of "forced labor" British POWs in Nazi occupied Poland who rescued and hid Sarah Matuson (later Hannah Sarah Rigler), a 16 years old Jewish girl who managed to escape a Nazi death march from the Stutthof concentration camp to the Baltic sea in January 1945.
- Keeble, Bill (1911 – d) A member of a group of a team of "forced labor" British POWs in Nazi occupied Poland who rescued and hid Sarah Matuson (later Hannah Sarah Rigler), a 16 years old Jewish girl who managed to escape a Nazi death march from the Stutthof concentration camp to the Baltic sea in January 1945.
- Letchford, Roger () A member of a group of a team of "forced labor" British POWs in Nazi occupied Poland who rescued and hid Sarah Matuson (later Hannah Sarah Rigler), a 16 years old Jewish girl who managed to escape a Nazi death march from the Stutthof concentration camp to the Baltic sea in January 1945.
- Noble, Thomas () A member of a group of a team of "forced labor" British POWs in Nazi occupied Poland who rescued and hid Sarah Matuson (later Hannah Sarah Rigler), a 16 years old Jewish girl who managed to escape a Nazi death march from the Stutthof concentration camp to the Baltic sea in January 1945.
- Ravenhall-Stickley, Elsie June (1901 – 1985). In 1942 in Hilversum (prov. North-Holland) under Nazi occupation, sheltered in her home, together with her 3 teenage children, the Jewish journalist and radio reporter Louis (Levi) Velleman. The winter of 1944-1945 food supplies from the rural eastern parts of the country were forcefully stopped by the occupier and many more died of starvation. The Ravenhall family could not support an extra mouth, and thus Louis was taken to Wieger and Sijbrig Beks, living close-by.
- Scruton, Bill (1907 – 1987) A member of a group of a team of "forced labor" British POWs in Nazi occupied Poland who rescued and hid Sarah Matuson (later Hannah Sarah Rigler), a 16 years old Jewish girl who managed to escape a Nazi death march from the Stutthof concentration camp to the Baltic sea in January 1945.
- Princess Sofka Petrovna Skipwith (Dolgorukova) (1907 – 1994) together with Madeleine White Steinberger used their contacts to the resistance movement to arrange getting a number of children out of Vittel camp just in time to save them from being sent to death at Auschwitz concentration camp. They also managed to save the life of a Jewish baby whose mother had been taken from the hospital, but the baby was left behind.
- Steinberg, Madeleine (White) (1921 – 2008) together with Sofka Skipwith used their contacts to the resistance movement to arrange getting a number of children out of Vittel camp just in time to save them from being sent to death at Auschwitz concentration camp. They also managed to save the life of a Jewish baby whose mother had been taken from the hospital, but the baby was left behind.
- Tilney, Elsie Maude (1893 – 1994) served as a missionary in the 1920s—1930s in North Africa, France and Austria. In Vienna, in 1939, she first became a witness to the persecution of the Jews, and when she was about to return to Paris, she took with her a 1-year-old Jewish infant, Ruth Buchholz. Elsie brought Ruth to a children’s home near Paris, where she stayed for the rest of the war and where her parents finally found her after the liberation of Paris.
- Weber, Dorothea (Le Brocq) (1911 – d), was a native of St. Helier, Jersey, in the Channel Islands. In 1944, under the Nazi occupation of the islands, she sheltered Hedwig (Hedy) Goldenberg Bercu, a Jewish young woman in hiding in St. Helier, for 18 months thus saving her life at a great risk to her own life.
- Wells, Stanley () A member of a group of a team of "forced labor" British POWs in Nazi occupied Poland who rescued and hid Sarah Matuson (later Hannah Sarah Rigler), a 16 years old Jewish girl who managed to escape a Nazi death march from the Stutthof concentration camp to the Baltic sea in January 1945.