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Collaborators, the Kenpeitai and the Makapili

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Photo from New Philippines: A Book on the Building Up of a New Nation (1934), by Felixberto Bustos and Abelardo Fajardo (p. 247): https://www.elib.gov.ph/downloadfile.php?uid=127cbe400dd3962fa4f41ea564af0120 Original file: https://ibb.co/vD4bxy8 or https://imgbox.com/lC4CTxfk or https://pixhost.to/show/197/405501758_demetrio-quirino-y-nolasco.jpg Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Demetrio_Quirino_y_Nolasco.jpg This work was first published in the Philippines and is now in the public domain because its copyright protection has expired by virtue of the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines. The work meets one of the following criteria: It is an anonymous or pseudonymous work and 50 years have passed since the year of its publication It is an audiovisual or photographic work and 50 years have passed since the year of its publication It is a work of applied art and 25 years have passed since the year of its publication It is another kind of work, and 50 years have passed since the year of death of the author (or last-surviving author) Important note: Works of foreign (non-U.S.) origin must be out of copyright or freely licensed in both their home country and the United States in order to be accepted on Commons. Works of Philippine origin that have entered the public domain in the U.S. due to certain circumstances (such as publication in noncompliance with U.S. copyright formalities) may have had their U.S. copyright restored under the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (URAA) if the work was under copyright in its country of origin on the date that the URAA took effect in that country. (For the Philippines, the URAA took effect on January 1, 1996.) This work is in the public domain because it was published in the United States between 1928 and 1963, and although there may or may not have been a copyright notice, the copyright was not renewed. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart and the copyright renewal logs. Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works (depending on the date of the author's death), such as Canada (50 years p.m.a.), Mainland China (50 years p.m.a., not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany (70 years p.m.a.), Mexico (100 years p.m.a.), Switzerland (70 years p.m.a.), and other countries with individual treaties.

Demetrio Quirino (1899 - d.)
Demetrio Quirino was a Filipino businessman and politician. He was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention representing Nueva Vizcaya in 1934. He served as Governor of Nueva Vizcaya from 1940 to 19...
Painting of Former Quezon City Mayor Nicanor A. Roxas. Painted by Luisito Villanueva in the year 2000. Source: https://quezoncity.gov.ph/quezon-city-leaders/ This work is in the public domain in the Philippines and possibly other jurisdictions because it is a work created by an officer or employee of the Government of the Philippines or any of its subdivisions and instrumentalities, including government-owned and/or controlled corporations, as part of their regularly prescribed official duties; consequently, any work is ineligible for copyright under the terms of Part IV, Chapter I, Section 171.11 and Part IV, Chapter IV, Section 176 of Republic Act No. 8293 and Republic Act No. 10372, as amended, unless otherwise noted. However, in some instances, the use of this work in the Philippines or elsewhere may be regulated by this law or other laws.

Nicanor Roxas (1899 - d.)
Nicanor Roxas was a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as mayor of Quezon City from 1949 to 1950. Cornejo’s Commonwealth Directory of the Philippines (1939), by Miguel Cornejo (p. 2090) Marr...
Photo from https://pjsmedalofmerit.wordpress.com/2015/01/09/jose-g-sanvictores/

José Sanvictores (1887 - 1979)
José Sanvictores was a Filipino politician. Early in his youth, he decided on a career in agriculture, believing he could contribute to the nation’s economic development as an essential complement to ...
Portrait taken from Official Directory of the Senate of the Philippines (1960, p. 77): https://books.google.com/books?id=Y98JAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA77#v=onepage&q=pedro%20sabido&f=false Original file: https://ibb.co/qRCpPgm or https://imgbox.com/nygoHHQ5 or https://pixhost.to/show/18/309282488_pedro-sabido.jpg This work is in the public domain in the Philippines and possibly other jurisdictions because it is a work created by an officer or employee of the Government of the Philippines or any of its subdivisions and instrumentalities, including government-owned and/or controlled corporations, as part of their regularly prescribed official duties; consequently, any work is ineligible for copyright under the terms of Part IV, Chapter I, Section 171.11 and Part IV, Chapter IV, Section 176 of Republic Act No. 8293 and Republic Act No. 10372, as amended, unless otherwise noted. However, in some instances, the use of this work in the Philippines or elsewhere may be regulated by this law or other laws.

Pedro Sabido (1894 - 1980)
Pedro Sabido was a Filipino lawyer and politician. Wikipedia Biography Official Directory of the House of Representatives (1923, p. 36-38) Official Directory of the House of Representatives (...
Photo from the Official Directory of the House of Representatives 1954-1957 (p. 161): https://www.google.com/books/edition/Official_Directory/eLLVvMx6BW0C?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA161&printsec=frontcover&dq=felipe%20abeleda%201904 Original file: https://ibb.co/TLyVtt3 or https://imgbox.com/2744DkMS or https://pixhost.to/show/311/452539426_felipe-santoyo-abeleda.jpg Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Felipe_Santoyo_Abeleda.jpg This work is in the public domain in the Philippines and possibly other jurisdictions because it is a work created by an officer or employee of the Government of the Philippines or any of its subdivisions and instrumentalities, including government-owned and/or controlled corporations, as part of their regularly prescribed official duties; consequently, any work is ineligible for copyright under the terms of Part IV, Chapter I, Section 171.11 and Part IV, Chapter IV, Section 176 of Republic Act No. 8293 and Republic Act No. 10372, as amended, unless otherwise noted. However, in some instances, the use of this work in the Philippines or elsewhere may be regulated by this law or other laws.

Felipe Abeleda (1904 - 1989)
Felipe Abeleda was a Filipino lawyer and politician. He was elected governor of Mindoro in 1940. He represented Mindoro at the National Assembly from September 25, 1943 to February 2, 1944. He later re...

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The Japanese occupation of the Philippines from 1942 to 1945 saw the emergence of two groups organized to aid the Japanese Imperial Army.

1) The Kenpeitai was the military police arm of the Imperial Japanese Army from 1881 to 1945. It was both a conventional military police and a secret police force. Filipinos were recruited to discharge the functions of the military police. A member of the corps was called a "kenpei".

2) The Makabayang Katipunan ng mga Pilipino (Patriotic Association of Filipinos), better known as the Makapili, was a militant civilian group formed in the Philippines in 1944 to assist the Imperial Japanese Army in various communities. Organised by Benigno Ramos and Artemio Ricarte, the group was born out of José P. Laurel's refusal to conscript Filipinos for Japan. After the war, the group was disbanded and vilified for its involvement in some Japanese atrocities in the islands and individual members faced trials for treason. The term "makapili" is still used today in the Tagalog vernacular to refer to a traitorous whistle blower.

Image: The Makapili members typically wore straw bags (called "bayong" in Tagalog) with peek holes over their heads while pointing out guerillas to the Japanese Imperial Army.

This sub-project aims to organize genealogical data on notable collaborators of the invading Japanese forces. Find more at the master project page, Families of the Philippines.

Kenpeitai :: Pablo Amorsolo

Makapili :: Aurelio Alvero :: Sotero Baluyut :: Pío Durán :: Benigno Ramos :: Artemio Ricarte

Other Collaborators :: Rufino Abadies :: Felipe Abeleda :: Hilario Abellana :: Sofronio Abrera :: Valentín Afable :: Emilio Aguinaldo :: Juan S. Alano :: Bato Ali :: Rafael Alunan :: Ombra Amilbangsa :: Benigno Aquino Sr. :: Sergio L. Aquino :: Melecio Arranz :: José Artadi :: Ramón Avanceña :: Félix B. Bautista :: Jorge Bocobo :: Guillermo Bongolan :: Vicente Bullecer :: Mateo M. Capinpin :: Lino J. Castillejo :: Hilary Clapp :: Hermógenes Concepción :: Pío Corpus :: Jose Diez Cortes :: Gerardo de León :: Antonio de las Alas :: Jose Delgado :: Tomás Dizon :: Demetrio Encarnación :: Natalio Enríquez :: Emilio Espinosa :: Luis Y. Ferrer :: Tobías Fornier :: José Fuentebella :: Feliciano Gardiner :: León Guinto :: Paulino Gullas :: Agapito Hontanosas :: Eligio Lagman :: José P. Laurel :: Jose Laurel Jr. :: Jose Laurel III :: Francisco Lavides :: Raúl T. Leuterio :: José Leyson :: Rufino Macagba :: Vicente Lopez Madrigal :: Máximo Malvar :: Cirilo Mapa Jr. :: Serafín Marabut :: Mariano Marcos :: Emilio Medina :: Alfonso Mendoza :: Jacinto Molina :: Gil Miranda Montilla :: Tomas Morato :: Alfonso Oboza :: Camilo Osías :: Sergio Osmeña Jr. :: Quintín Paredes :: Quintin Paredes Jr. :: Menandang Piang :: Romualdo Quimpo :: Demetrio Quirino :: Alejandro Quirólgico :: Ciriaco Raval :: Claro M. Recto :: José Robles Jr. :: Eulogio Rodríguez Sr. :: Elisa Rosales-Ochoa :: Nicanor Roxas :: Emilio Rustia :: Pedro Sabido :: Paulino Santos :: José Sanvictores :: Juan A. Sarenas :: Proceso Sebastián :: Teófilo Sison :: Pacifico Stuart del Rosario :: Bonifacio Tadiar :: Julián Teves :: Emiliano Tría Tirona :: Nicasio Valderrosa :: Isidro Vamenta :: Jorge B. Vargas :: José María Veloso :: Guillermo Villanueva :: Alberto A. Villavert :: Fortunato Ybiernas :: Vicente Ybiernas :: Alfredo Yulo :: José Yulo Yulo :: Marcelo Zorilla :: Francisco Zulueta :: José Zulueta

Resources

"Filipino Collaborators With Imperial Japan." Wikipedia, 2018. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makapili. Date accessed: 8 Jan 2019
"Kenpeitai." Wikipedia, 2018. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenpeitai. Date accessed: 8 Jan 2019.
"Makapili." Wikipedia, 2018. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makapili. Date accessed: 8 Jan 2019.

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Collaborators, the Kenpeitai and the Makapili

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