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From The Memi De-Shalit Database of Jewish Family Names, Beth Hatefutsoth:
FEINER, FINER, FEINERMAN
Surnames derive from one of many different origins. Sometimes there may be more than one explanation for the same name. This family name derives from a personal characteristic or nickname.
Feiner, like many family names, was originally a personal nickname, meaning "good person", derived from the German word Fein. In some cases, as the letters "f", "v" and "w" are phonetically interchangeable in Yiddish, Feiner is derived from Weiner, from the German for a "vine" or "wine". In this case, the name could have been assumed by awine grower or seller. Names indicating occupation, profession or trade (also connected with raw material, finished product or implements associated with that trade) are widespread among most peoples, including the Jews.
In the 20th century Feiner is recorded as a Jewish family name with the Feiner family, who lived in the town of Zhadova (Jadova) near Chernowitz, northern Bukovina (now Ukraine), prior to World War II (1939-1945), and whose entire Jewish community was deported to the death camps in July 1941. Copyright © Beth Hatefutsoth The Memi De-Shalit Database of Jewish Family Names