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La traviata
Act 1, Scene 1: Party (painting by Carl d'Unker)
- Opera in 3 acts, Italian
- Libretto Francesco Maria Piave
- Based on the novel La Dame aux camélias by Alexandre Dumas, fils
- Time: Beginning of the 19th century. Place: Paris and its vicinity.
- Premiere Teatro La Fenice, Venice, 6 March 1853
Act 2, Scene 1, Violetta, her maid Annina and Giorgio Germont. Cover of a c. 1855 vocal score with an engraving by Leopoldo Ratti.
- Characters:
- Violetta Valéry, a courtesan, soprano
- HP Rose Alphonsine Plessis, dite Marie Duplessis
- Fanny Salvini-Donatelli sang in the first premiere 6 March 1853
- Maria Spezia-Aldighieri sang in the first premiere of the revised version at the Teatro San Benedetto in Venice on 6 May 1854
- Virginia Boccabadati
- Angiolina Bosio
- Marietta Piccolomini
- Aglaja von Orgeni
- Adelina Patti
- Christina Nilsson, Countess de Casa Miranda, Swedish Opera Star
- Marie Rôze
- Virginia Ferni Germano
- Dame Emma Albani, DBE
- Alma Fohström
- Ada Adini
- Adalgisa Gabbi
- Lillian Nordica
- Medea Maria Figner
- Elisabeth Frandin
- Linda Brambilla
- Hariclea Darclée
- Sigrid Taube Maria Fischhof
- Dame Nellie Melba /// "Ah! fors' e lui... Follie!.."
- Gemma Bellincioni
- Ida Sambo
- Elvira Tetrazzini
- Sissieretta Jones
- Elda Cavalieri
- Regina Pacini
- Luisa Tetrazzini ///"Ah! fors' e lui... Follie!.."
- Giuseppina Huguet
- Antonina Vasilievna Nezhdanova
- Mary Garden
- Natalina 'Lina' Cavalieri
- Camilla Pasini
- Lola Artot de Padilla
- Ada Vittoria Matilde Botti
- Maria Kuznetsova
- Rosina Buckman
- Pauline Donalda
- Amelita Galli-Curci
- Maja de Strozzi
- Claudia Muzio /// "Addio del passato"
- Gilda Dalla Rizza
- Toti Dal Monte
- Hjördis Sophie Tilgmann
- Ayres Borghi-Zerni
- Mercedes Capsir
- Rosa Ponselle
- Lily Pons
- Gina Cigna
- Bidu Sayão
- Mafalda Favero
- Maria Caniglia
- Jarmila Daubková
- Miliza Elisabeth Korjus
- Hilde Güden
- Elisabeth Schwarzkopf
- Rina Gigli
- Victoria de los Ángeles
- Maria Callas /// "Ah! fors' e lui... Follie!..."
- Maaria Eira
- Virginia Zeani
- Galina Vishnevskaya
- Dame Joan Alston Sutherland
- Beverly Sills
- Anna Moffo
- Renata Scotto
- Montserrat Caballé
- Mirella Freni
- Ángeles Gulín
- Ileana Cotrubaș
- Júlia Várady
- Kiri Te Kanawa
- Carol Lee Neblett
- Denia Mazzola Gavazzeni
- Angela Gheorghiu
- Alfredo Germont, a young bourgeois from a provincial family, tenor
- HP Alexandre Dumas, fils
- HP Edouard, comte Perregaux
- HP Agénor, X. duc de Gramont
- Lodovico Graziani sang in the first premiere 6 March 1853
- Giovanni Matteo (Mario) De Candia
- Gennaro Ricci
- Raffaele Angelo Agostino Mirate
- Enrico Tamberlik
- Lodovico Graziani
- Giuseppe Fancelli
- Leopoldo Signoretti
- Francesco Marconi
- Fernando De Lucia
- Gino Martinez-Patti
- Florencio Constantino
- Enrico Caruso
- Nikolai Bolshakov
- Emilio Perea
- Giovanni Zenatello
- Giuseppe Anselmi
- Noe Vitomir Matošić
- Maurice d'Oisly
- Alfred Piccaver
- Kipras Petrauskas
- Tito Schipa
- Beniamino Samuele Benedetto Gigli
- Giacomo Lauri-Volpi
- Sergei Lemeshev
- Josef Schmidt
- Jan Peerce
- Jussi Björling
- Richard Tucker
- Mario Lanza
- Giuseppe di Stefano
- Veikko Tyrväinen
- Carlo Bergonzi
- Nicolai Gedda
- Alfredo Kraus
- Carlo Cossutta
- Luciano Pavarotti
- Plácido Domingo
- José Carreras
- Roberto Alagna
- Giorgio Germont, Alfredo's father, baritone
- HP Alexandre Dumas, Famed Author
- HP Alphonse, comte Perregaux
- Felice Varesi sang in the first premiere 6 March 1853
- Gaetano Ferri
- Antonio Cotogni ao. in Viterbo
- Sir Charles Santley
- Adriano Pantaleoni
- Jules-Célestien Devoyod
- Napoleone Verger ao. in the US with Christina Nilsson.
- Bogomir Korsov
- Niels Juel Simonsen
- Emilio Barbieri
- Maurice Devriès
- Antonio Magini Coletti
- Francisco d'Andrade
- Jean Noté
- Mario Ancona
- Bohumil Benoni
- Giuseppe Pacini
- Francesco Maria Bonini
- Giuseppe De Luca
- Titta Ruffo
- Pasquale Amato
- Amleto Barbieri
- Carlo Galeffi
- Mate Jakov Čulić Dragun
- Emile van Bosch
- Mario Carmelo Basiola
- Leonard Warren
- Gino Bechi
- Tito Gobbi
- Paolo Silveri
- Giuseppe Taddei
- Robert Merrill
- Sesto Bruscantini
- Ettore Bastianini
- Rolando Panerai
- Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau
- Francisco Kraus
- Piero Cappuccilli
- Usko Viitanen
- Kari Nurmela
- Tom Gunnar Krause
- Renato Bruson
- Jorma Hynninen
- Flora Bervoix, Violetta's friend, mezzo-soprano
- Speranza Giuseppini sang in the first premiere 6 March 1853
- Annetta Casaloni Sang 25 April 1857 in Buenos Aires in La Traviata with Enrico Tamberlik.
- Aino Sylvia Elenius-Urbano
- Annina, Violetta's maid, soprano
- Carlotta Berini sang in the first premiere
- Gastone de Letorières, Alfredo's friend, tenor
- Barone Douphol, Violetta's lover, a rival of Alfredo, baritone
- Marchese d'Obigny, bass
- Arnaldo Silvestri sang in the first premiere
- Antonio "Selva" Scremin
- Pentti Arnold Hilmanpoika Tuominen
- Dottore Grenvil, bass
- Andrea Bellini sang in the first premiere 6 March 1853
- Antonio "Selva" Scremin
- Sir Charles Santley This was his opera debut in 1857.
- Andres Perello de Segurola
- Violetta Valéry, a courtesan, soprano
- Conductors:
- Gaetano Mares conducted in the first premiere 6 March 1853
- Adolphe Deloffre
- Luigi Arditi
- Luigi Vannuccini ao. in 1858 at Teatro Comunale Bologna
- Arturo Toscanini
- Emil Albertovich Cooper
- Tullio Serafin
- Sir Thomas Beecham, 2nd Baronet
- Gabriele Santini
- Fausto Cleva
- Fernando Previtali
- Francesco Molinari Pradelli
- Sir Georg Solti
- Carlo Maria Giulini
- Lamberto Gardelli
- Guido Cantelli
- Carlos Kleiber
- Richard Alan Bonynge
- Riccardo Muti
- Stage directors:
- Giuseppe Cencetti (at Teatro Apollo, Rome)
- Vladimir Rosing (In 1948 at the National Opera Association of Los Angeles; in 1962 at Her Majesty's Theatre London with Emil Cooper and Pauline Donalda)
- Luchino Visconti (La Scala Milan 1955 with Giulini; Teatro Nuovo Spoleto 1963 with La Marchina; ROH Govent Garden London 1967 with Giulini)
- Giuseppe Patroni Griffi (opera & film "La Traviata a Paris" 2000 with Mehta)
- Giorgio Olimpio Guglielmo Strèhler (La Scala 1947 with Serafin)
- Franco Zeffirelli (1982 film with Stratas, Domingo, Levine at Metropolitan)
- Rolando Panerai (2010 at Teatro Garibaldi, Figline Valdarno)
- August Everding (1965 opera debut at the Munich State Opera / Bayerischen Staatsoper; 1967 Munich; 1969 San Francisco; 1975 at the Metropolitan)
- Jean-Pierre Ponnelle (Opéra National du Rhin, Strasbourg 1980)
- Luca Roncóni (Grosses Haus Bonn 9 Dec 1982)
- Renata Scotto (Emmy Award-winning telecast of La traviata at New York City Opera 1995)
- Petr Weigl (1979, Prague National Theater)
- Giancarlo Del Monaco (Essen, Helsinki, Karlsruhe)
- David Radok
- Sofia Coppola (Rome Opera production & film 2017)
A Convalescent, c.1876 (oil on canvas) by Tissot, James Jacques Joseph (1836-1902); Sheffield Galleries and Museums Trust, UK